HLR容灾备份实现方案应用

随着移动用户的迅猛增长,HLR的稳定性与否直接关系到网络的正常运营,因此是移动网络中的关键节点.本文介绍了移动运营商HLR的容灾备份方案,描述了容灾HLR系统的信令组网和数据组网,最后针对容灾步骤做了重点的介绍.     

移动通信系统HLR容灾技术

文章分析了移动通信系统归属位置寄存器(HLR)容灾技术,认为在移动通信系统中,HLR中的用户数据是系统运行的血脉,应通过建设容灾系统,提高HLR网元的业务可用性.文章讨论了设计容灾系统方案应考虑的各种因素:选择同步备份还是异步备份方式,选择1 1配置还是N 1配置方式,采用虚拟卷复制还是硬件复制方式,以及如何设计容灾系统的容量,并给出了具体实施时的指导原则.     

关于通信网络HLR容灾系统建设的研讨

HLR简称归属位置寄存器,是中国移动通信网络结构中的重要组成部分。通过对HLR容灾的必要性分析,从移动网络和BOSS两大支撑系统方面对客灾的技术实现方案进行了研讨。介绍了容灾的几种实现方式和各自的优缺点,重点阐述了N+1主备容灾方式的数据备份原理、故障切换机制、HLR与BOSS系统的接口分析和接口设计原理等。     

HLR容灾备份解决方案浅谈

HLR作为移动网络中最重要的数据中心,保存着用户的签约数据和位置信息.HLR的稳定与否直接关系到网络的正常运营,因此是移动网络中的关键节点.文章介绍了移动运营商HLR的几种容灾方案,提出了容灾方案的具体实现及步骤.最后结合实例分析了HLR的容灾组网方案及规划要点     

江苏移动GSM网中HLR/AUC设备的容灾备份方案

以江苏移动GSM网为例，介绍了其HLR／AUC设置先状．详细给出了三种HLR／AUC设备的容灾备份方案，对它们进行了比较。最后结合江苏移动GSM网的实际，给出了合理的容灾系统组网方案。     

TD—SCDMA网络容灾备份技术研究

文章介绍了TD—SCDMA网络的容灾备份方案,首先简述了容灾的概念和分类,然后详细描述了核心网MSC和HLR的容灾备份方案。     

移动通信网HLR设备网元级容灾技术浅析

重点对HLR设备的网元级容灾技术进行了介绍,并对各种主流技术在应用时对相关网元／系统的要求,技术优势和可能出现的问题进行了分析,提出了在现网中HLR设备进行容灾建设时应注意的问题并针对国内移动通信运营商的实际情况,分类提出了HLR设备的容灾建议。     

HLR容灾技术及规划要点

HLR的容灾方式存在多样性,文章着重介绍了HLR几种容灾方式、不同容灾方式的静态数据和动态数据的同步机制,并就运营商在容灾方式选择及规划要点等几方面进行了简要分析。     

小灵通无线网络HLR设备容灾备份方案

本文针对小灵通网络安全运营的需要,对其重要网络单元——HLR设备的安全备份方案进行了讨论,并重点论述了异地容灾备份方案,同时列举和介绍了建设方案及容灾备份方案的应用。     

HLR容灾的建设及解决方案分析

介绍了HLR容灾的建设必要性、HLR容灾的多种解决方案、各种解决方案的影响及效果。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.