水下流线型体的结构阻力特性及其应用研究

流线型体具有很好的水下静动力特性,广泛应用于水下装备设计当中.为了探求流线型体结构的设计方法,在几种常用流线型体轮廓方程基础上,对比分析不同结构参数下二维流线型体的水下阻力特性,得出半椭圆＋圆弧流线型的阻力特性最好.将这种流线型应用于工程实例,在空间约束范围内,设计出水下航行体的三维导流罩结构,采用仿真分析验证了结构设计的合理性,并测算出结构的水流阻力值.研究结果可为其它流线型体结构的设计提供参考.     

火焰稳定器外环修形对发动机排气系统雷达散射特性的影响

为了缩减航空发动机排气系统的RCS,设计了两种火焰稳定器外环修形结构,利用高频计算方法弹跳射线法获取了火焰稳定器外环修形对发动机排气系统在X波段10GHz频点下雷达散射特性的影响。结果表明：(1)修形结构改变了照射在火焰稳定器外环的雷达波的散射方向,降低了火焰稳定器外环的热点强度,消除了火焰稳定器外环的角反射器特征。(2)在水平探测面-26°～-16°与16°～26°范围内,火焰稳定器外环修形对排气系统的RCS具有明显的缩减效果,减小修形角度,会提升对排气系统RCS的缩减效果。(3)随着俯仰角的增加,火焰稳定器外环修形对发动机排气系统的RCS缩减效果有所提升,对排气系统水平极化与垂直极化RCS均值的缩减效果最大可达27.5%与37.4%。     

具有流线型头部的高速磁浮列车气动性能数值模拟

以世界上首条商业运行的上海高速磁浮列车TR08为研究对象,基于粘性流体力学理论,按三维可压缩粘性流对具有流线型头部形状的TR08列车以及根据一定规律设计出的4种新头型列车周围流场进行了数值模拟.通过对这5种不同头型列车的模拟结果进行对比分析,得出了流线型头部外形对气动性能影响的规律:随着流线型头部长度增加(其他条件相同),列车气动阻力和升力降低;在头部流线型长度相当的情况下,纵剖面轮廓线上凸的头车气动阻力比下凹的小,而尾车气动阻力大;中间车阻力变化不大,尾车升力大于头车;就整车升力而言,纵剖面轮廓线上凸的气动升力大于下凹的.     

汽车外流场分析以及流线型改进

以某一微型汽车为原型,进行了汽车三维外流场气动特性数值模拟研究。通过对原车与改进流线型车在不同速度下的压力场的分析,以及对气动阻力值的比较,发现正常行驶速度20 m/s以及极限行驶速度50 m/s下,改进流线型车的压力分布都得到了有效改善。汽车的气动阻力在20 m/s时减阻率为6.67%,在50 m/s时依旧能减阻4.55%。改进后的汽车可以有效降低汽车气动阻力值,提升汽车的动力性和燃油经济性。     

风屏障对桥梁及车桥系统气动特性影响的数值研究

利用数值模拟方法探究风屏障参数对流线型桥梁气动特性的影响;分析风屏障对不同桥型气动特性的影响并进行横向对比;讨论风屏障的透风率对车桥系统的气动特性以及流场的影响,通过分析车桥的三分力系数、压力云图、速度流线图、车桥表面风压分布以及风剖面等特征,揭示风屏障对车桥系统气动特性的影响机理。研究结果表明:风屏障能降低主梁上方的流速,从而减小列车的阻力和力矩,但同时也增加了桥的阻力,因此,安装风屏障可提高列车的行驶安全性但不利于桥梁抗风;针对流线型主梁断面,当风屏障高度为3 m且透风率为30%时为最优组合,此时车桥系统的阻力系数可达到最小值1.33;风屏障对不同桥型的遮蔽效应不同,相同的风屏障遮蔽效应对流线型主梁断面的影响远大于对钝体主梁断面的影响。     

国产磁浮列车气动外形的优化

为了降低列车交会空气压力波、减小空气阻力、使列车具有正的气动升力，根据给定的列车横断面，设计3种磁浮列车流线型头部外形。利用可压缩粘性流体的N-S方程和k-ε双方程湍流模型，采用有限体积法对包括TR08磁浮列车在内的4种高速磁浮列车周围流场进行数值模拟，得出磁浮列车在不同运行速度下的气动阻力系数、升力系数及列车以430km／h运行时的交会压力波幅值。此外，为优化气动外形方案，对3种方案进行综合比较分析。研究结果表明：随着流线型头部长度的增加，列车空气动力性能提高；在车头流线型长度相同的情况下，随着最大纵剖面轮廓线曲率的变小，交会压力波降低，水平投影轮廓线变宽，列车阻力增加；最优方案为列车交会压力波和空气阻力均较小、流线型头部为扁梭形的方案三。     

深井泵泵内流场的实验研究

应用粒子成像测速（ＰＩＶ）技术对深井泵泵内流场进行了研究,分析了流场对泵阀运动规律的影响以及泵内结构对流场的影响。根据实验结果,建议对混相流深井泵采用偏心球形阀球;对于流道狭小的深井泵采用滴形球阀;对含砂的抽油井所用深井泵,则采用嵌有密封胶皮的锥形阀球。在保证最大过流面积的条件下,阀球罩的断面形状应该尽量采用流线型,以减小过流阻力。应考虑将柱塞的吸入口设计成流线型或喇叭口型,以降低其吸入阻力。在保证柱塞出口有最大过流断面的同时,也应将柱塞出口流道设计成流线型,以此降低柱塞出口处的过流阻力。     

腔式流线型脉冲喷嘴特性的研究

对腔式流线型喷嘴的射流特性进行了实验研究，结果表明，型面不同的流线型喷嘴的射流结构都与一般喷嘴射流相类似，即由初始段、基本段组成，但其等速核较短．这种具有振荡腔、能产生谐振的喷嘴．能够产生较大的自激振荡脉冲．给出了三种喷嘴的形状参数及时均速度分布规律的数学表达式，总结了脉动峰值差沿轴向和径向的分布规律     

不同头部外形高速列车气动性能风洞试验研究

通过对包括CRH2在内的4种不同纵向长细比比例尺为1∶8的高速列车模型进行风洞试验,分析雷诺数对车辆气动力系数的影响;比较4种高速列车模型的气动力特性;对不同流线型外形列车进行大侧偏角试验,研究高速列车在侧风作用下的安全性.研究结果表明:列车流线型头部越长,鼻形更加突出尖锐,头部流线型更加光滑,更有利于降低空气阻力;当模型列车流线型长度相差不大时,纵向长细比系数越大即车头外形越细长,对减阻越有利;4种动车组头车、中车和尾车的侧向力及升力系数均随侧滑角的增大而迅速增大;当侧滑角大于10°时,头部最大纵剖面轮廓线曲率较大的模型,横风作用下的侧向力系数比其他3种模型车的侧向力系数显著增大,升力系数较小.     

小型便携式水下机器人侧扫声呐的流线型优化分析

以某一挂载侧扫声呐的小型便携式自主水下机器人(AUV)为原型，对挂载侧扫声呐的AUV及挂载改进流线型侧扫声呐的AUV进行水动力分析。发现改进流线型侧扫声呐的AUV在正常航速3 kn和高航速6 kn下，得到了有效的阻力改善，包括黏性阻力和压差阻力的降低。在航速3 kn时，黏性阻力降低了9%,压差阻力降低了18%,总阻力降低了15.4%;在航速6 kn时，黏性阻力降低了4.2%,压差阻力降低了12%,总阻力降低了10.1%。这些结果表明，通过优化AUV挂载侧扫声呐的流线型，可以有效地提高AUV的动力性能，降低其阻力，从而提高AUV的性能和效率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.