弱硼掺杂补偿对氢化微晶硅薄膜制备与特性的影响

研究了弱硼掺杂补偿对甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积方法生长氢化微晶硅薄膜(μc-Si:H)及材料特性的影响.实验发现,随着弱硼补偿剂量的增大,μc-Si:H薄膜的沉积速率先减小后增加,变化范围约为0.7～0.8nm/s.相比较而言,材料的结晶度以及晶粒的平均颗粒尺寸则呈现出先增后减的变化,且变化的幅度较大,当弱硼补偿剂量大于2.5ppm时,过度的弱硼补偿将导致μc-Si:H薄膜的结晶状况恶化.此外,光敏性、暗电导及电导激活能的测量结果进一步表明,弱硼补偿显著影响μc-Si:H薄膜的光电特性,弱硼补偿剂量为2.5ppm左右时,材料的光电特性最为理想.因此,优化弱硼补偿剂量是获得器件级质量μc-Si:H材料的有效途径.     

温度对高速微晶硅薄膜沉积速率及其特性的影响

采用超高频(VHF)结合高压(HP)的技术路线,在较高SiH4浓度(SC)下实现了微晶硅(μc-Si:H)薄膜的高速沉积,考察了衬底温度在化学气相沉积(CVD)过程中对薄膜的生长速率以及光电特性的影响.结果表明:薄膜微结构特性随衬底温度变化是导致薄膜电学特性随衬底温度变化的根本原因;HP与低压条件下沉积的μc-Si:H薄膜的特性随温度变化的规律不同,在试验温度范围内,HP高速沉积的μc-Si:H薄膜生长速率不同于低压时随温度升高而下降的趋势,而是先增大后趋于平稳,晶化率随温度升高也不是单调增加,而是先增加后减小.     

RF-PECVD高速沉积优质过渡区微晶硅薄膜

利用13.56MHz射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术高速沉积非晶/微晶过渡区的微晶硅(μc-Si∶H)薄膜. 研究了沉积压力、射频功率、电极间距、氢稀释度等参数对沉积速率、电学性质等的影响. 选择优化的沉积参数，在非晶到微晶的过渡区得到了沉积速率为0.3～0.4nm/s的μc-Si∶H薄膜. 薄膜的暗电导在1e-7S/cm量级，光暗电导比近2个量级，电导激活能在0.52eV左右，薄膜结构致密，达到了器件级质量.     

微晶硅薄膜制备中等离子体功率的调制作用

对甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(VHF-PECVD)法制备氢化微晶硅(μc-Si:H)薄膜中等离子体功率的影响进行了研究.原位光发射谱(OES)监测表明,SiH4等离子体中特征发光峰ISiH、Ihα、Ihβ和IH/ISiH均随等离子体激发功率的增加而增大,并且变化趋势因功率区间的不同而异.由厚度与Raman光谱测量可知,随着等离子体功率的增加,μc-Si:H薄膜的平均晶粒尺寸单调减小,而沉积速率与结晶体积分数则呈现出先增后减的变化,等离子体功率对薄膜的沉积速率与结构特征具有"调制作用".光暗电导率测量进一步得到,μc-Si:H薄膜的电导随等离子体功率增大而减小,暗电导率的变化与之相反,材料的光敏特性在较高功率条件下激剧恶化.研究结果表明,当前的沉积条件下,等离子体功率的优化值界于35～40 W间.     

器件质量级微晶硅薄膜光稳定性研究

利用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积（RFPECVD）技术,通过改变SiH4浓度制备了一系列不同晶化率（Xc）的本征Si薄膜材料。通过测量其Raman谱和光、暗电导率（σph、σd）研究了工艺变化对材料结构的影响及材料光电特性同微观结构的关系,然后对样品进行老化实验,测量其光照前后的吸收系数α及量子效率、迁移率和寿命的乘积nμτ。分析其光照前后光电性能的变化规律结果表明,相变域附近的微晶硅（μc-Si：H）薄膜材料适合制备μc-Si2H太阳电池;结合退火实验的结果发现,μc-Si：H材料中的非晶成分是导致微晶材料光电特性衰退的主要原因。     

PET塑料衬底非晶/微晶硅叠层太阳电池研究

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)技术,在125℃的低温条件下,沉积了一系列不同厚度的本征微晶硅(μc-Si)薄膜。对材料的光电特性和结构特性的测试结果表明,低温条件下制备的μc-Si薄膜具有较厚的非晶孵化层,并且纵向结构演变较为明显。采用梯度H稀释技术,在沉积过程中不断降低H稀释度,改善了μc-Si薄膜的纵向均匀性。将此技术应用于非晶硅(a-Si)/μc-Si叠层电池的μc-Si底电池,在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)塑料衬底上制备出初始效率达到6.0%的a-Si/μc-Si叠层电池。     

高压高功率VHF-PECVD的微晶硅薄膜高速沉积

采用高压高功率(hphP)甚高频等离子体强强化学气相沉积(VHF-PECVD)法对微晶硅(μc-Si:H)进行高速沉积,在最优沉积条件参数下对hphP和低压低功率(lplP)两组样品沉积速率、光电导、暗电导及光敏性等性能参数进行测试,得到了1.58 nm/s的较高沉积速率、光电性能优秀和更适合薄膜太阳能电池的μc-Si...     

RF-PECVD高速沉积优质过渡区微晶硅薄膜

利用13.56MHz射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术高速沉积非晶/微晶过渡区的微晶硅(μc-Si:H)薄膜.研究了沉积压力、射频功率、电极间距、氢稀释度等参数对沉积速率、电学性质等的影响.选择优化的沉积参数,在非晶到微晶的过渡区得到了沉积速率为0.3～0.4nm/s的μc-Si:H薄膜.薄膜的暗电导在10-7S/cm量级,光暗电导比近2个量级,电导激活能在0.52eV左右,薄膜结构致密,达到了器件级质量.     

RF-PECVD高速沉积优质过渡区微晶硅薄膜

利用13.56MHz射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术高速沉积非晶/微晶过渡区的微晶硅(μc-Si:H)薄膜.研究了沉积压力、射频功率、电极间距、氢稀释度等参数对沉积速率、电学性质等的影响.选择优化的沉积参数,在非晶到微晶的过渡区得到了沉积速率为0.3～0.4nm/s的μc-Si:H薄膜.薄膜的暗电导在10-7S/cm量级,光暗电导比近2个量级,电导激活能在0.52eV左右,薄膜结构致密,达到了器件级质量.     

高速沉积μc-Si:H薄膜生长机制及其微结构的研究

采用高压高功率的超高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(VHF-PECVD)技术,在腐蚀后的7059玻璃、低晶化和高晶化的微晶硅(μc-Si:H)p型材料3种衬底上,通过改变沉积时间的方法,高速(沉积速率约为1 nm/s)沉积了不同厚度的μc-Si:H薄膜材料.测试其表面形貌及晶化率,比较了不同衬底上高速生长的μc-Si:H薄膜生长机制及微结构的差异,最后得到适于高速沉积pin μc-Si:H太阳电池的μc-Si:H p型材料应具备的条件.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.