织物变角光度曲线的研究

本文根据一系列织物的实测变角光度曲线对其光泽进行了分析.结果表明:织物的变角光度曲线是由织物的组织结构、纱线结构、纤维性状及染整条件决定的,测试条件对它也有很大影响.织物的光泽不同,变角光度曲线反射峰的形状、高低及个数不同.     

织物变角江度曲线的研究

本文根据一系列织物的实测变角光度曲线对其光泽进行了分析。结果表明：织物的变角光度曲线是由织物的组织结构、纱线结构、纤维性状及染整条件决定的，测试条件对它也有很大的影响。织物的光泽不同，变角光度曲线反射峰的形状、高低及个数不同。     

十字形涤纶机织物的吸湿排汗性能

为了解十字形涤纶机织物吸湿排汗性能,利用不同结构的十字形涤纶混纺纱线,设计开发了平纹和斜纹组织的交织物,并对其吸湿排汗性能如吸湿性、透气性、透湿性、吸水性及干燥性等进行测试,分析了纤维含量及织物结构对吸湿排汗性能的影响。测试结果表明,纤维含量及织物结构对十字形涤纶机织物的吸湿排汗性能都有一定的影响。     

针织物起球的仪器表征及评级

使用美国在线检测技术公司的织物起球评级系统对不同组织结构、厚度及颜色的针织物起球样品进行了检测、表征和评级.结果表明:织物起球评级系统能够对织物的起球趋势进行检测、表征和评级.织物的组织结构、厚度及颜色对仪器起球表征及评级存在影响.织物表面的光滑平整程度越高织物起球趋势越低;织物越薄越不易起球;一定程度上说,织物颜色越浅越不易起球.     

染整加工中织物结构变化对其弯曲性能的影响

为改善涤纶衬里织物的弯曲性能,确定织物在染整加工中结构变化对其弯曲刚度产生的具体影响,通过实验室模拟染整生产工艺,改变生产工艺条件,使织物在不同缩率和碱减量率下发生结构参数变化,获得不同的织物结构及弯曲刚度,并通过多项式回归分析确定织物结构参数与弯曲刚度之间的关系,建立一元、多元非线性回归方程。根据染整加工中变化的织物结构参数,采用BP神经网络预测织物弯曲刚度,相对误差较小,预测精度较高。     

真丝／氨纶包覆丝弹性织物缝口保持性的研究

对不同品种的真丝 /氨纶包覆丝弹性织物及常规真丝织物缝口脱开程度进行测试和分析 ,说明真丝 /氨纶包覆丝弹性织物比常规真丝织物有优良的成衣缝口保持性 ,并探讨了包覆丝结构、经纬密度、组织结构等因素对真丝/氨纶包覆丝弹性织物缝口保持性的影响。     

光触媒纤维与棉混纺织物服用及除臭性能研究

探讨蜂窝状微孔结构光触媒纤维含量对织物性能尤其是除臭性能的影响.采用不同比例的蜂窝状微孔结构光触媒纤维/棉纤维混纺纱为原料,试织成机织物,并对其服用性能及除臭性能进行了测试.研究表明:蜂窝状微孔结构光触媒织物的断裂强力及磨损质量损失率与织物中蜂窝状微孔结构光触媒纤维含量成反比关系,而蜂窝状微孔结构光触媒织物对氨气的降解...     

平纹类真丝练白绸等级差灰度特征

为探讨不同结构配置的真丝平纹织物以及不同程度精练真丝平纹织物所表现的灰度信息特征,选取乔其、电力纺、双绉、雪纺及顺纡绉不同丝线结构和经纬密度规格共15个真丝平纹织物成品,设计采用纺织CAD,设定4个等级差灰度,对样品进行分色处理,获取不同灰度像素值的占比。试验结果表明:纹织CAD软件等级差分色分析织物图像灰度信息的方法适用于区别不同品类的真丝平纹织物,但不适用于判定生坯织物的精练程度。     

稳定TiO2水溶胶的紫外线屏蔽整理

简述了紫外线屏蔽整理原理及溶胶-凝胶原理;分析了稳定的TiO2水溶胶对不同纤维素纤维织物及M/T/C织物进行紫外线屏蔽整理的效果,讨论了纤维种类、形态结构、织物组织结构、厚度、染色用染料类别及染色色泽对织物紫外线屏蔽整理效果的影响,结果表明:稳定的TiO2水溶胶对织物进行紫外线屏蔽整理效果较好,是一种很有前途的整理方法.     

玻璃纤维织物组织结构对其隔热性能的影响

利用平板保温仪及烧蚀试验等方法,对一系列不同组织结构的玻璃纤维机织物进行隔热性能测试,探讨织物结构参数,包括织物组织、织物密度、纱线线密度、织物厚度等对织物在常温和高温条件下热传递性能的影响。结果表明:当纱线线密度以及织物的经密和纬密相同时,在一定范围内,织物的组织结构越复杂,平均浮长线越长,织物越蓬松,织物内含有的静止空气越多,该织物的隔热性越好;随着织物厚度的增加,其传热系数呈减小的趋势。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.