硫酸镁对铁离子诱发癫痫大鼠作用的实验研究

目的 观察硫酸镁对铁离子诱发的癫痫大鼠的保护作用,为临床应用硫酸镁治疗难治性癫痫提供实验依据.方法 将铁离子微量注入大鼠杏仁体建立创伤性癫痫模型,观察腹腔注射硫酸镁对模型大鼠急性癫痫发作的影响及对海马神经元的保护作用.结果 杏仁体注射铁离子导致大鼠产生复杂的癫痫发作,皮层脑电图（ECoG）有相应的棘波发放;硫酸镁使铁离子诱发的急性癫痫发作大鼠只数减少,硫酸镁组的大鼠海马锥体细胞脱失较模型组明显减少.结论 硫酸镁能减轻铁离子诱发的急性癫痫发作,对海马神经元损伤有一定的保护作用.提示镁离子可作为辅助性药物用于治疗创伤导致的难治性癫痫.     

大鼠C6脑胶质瘤模型建立及X刀治疗的护理

目的总结大鼠C6脑胶质瘤模型制作及X刀治疗的护理经验。方法协助医生对20只大鼠制作脑胶质瘤模型及给予X刀治疗，在术前、术中、术后积极实施相关护理对策。结果大鼠C6脑胶质瘤模型制作成功率80％，X刀治疗成功率100％，治疗后的存活率为86％。结论熟悉大鼠脑胶质瘤模型制作及X刀治疗的技术，加强术前、术中、术后的配合有助于提高实验的成功率，提示熟练的护理配合在动物模型制作及X刀治疗中具有重要的意义。     

氯化锂-重复低剂量匹罗卡品致大鼠癫痫模型制作

目的:建市氯化锂一重复低剂量匹罗卡品致痫大鼠模型.方法:雄性成年sD大鼠173只.随机分为对照组、非药物干预组和药物干预组.氯化锂3mEq/kg腹腔注射(IP),19h后给予低剂量匹罗卡品10mg/kg,每隔30min 1次,重复2-4次.观察大鼠行为、脑电、模型成功率、死亡率、自发性癫痫发作及其潜伏期和发作的严重程度.结果:氯化锂-重复低剂量匹罗卡品大鼠癫痫模型在匹罗卡品1～4剂后发生癫痫持续状态,痫性发作距离注射时间平均为16min,成功率73%,匹罗卡品用量平均25.9mg/kg,持续90min被终止者死亡率低于10%.自发性癫痫发作平均每天2.4～5.7次,潜伏期平均40天.发作程度均达到Ⅲ级以上的痫性发作,绝大多数为Ⅳ/Ⅴ级,脑电类似人类颞叶癫痫.对照组大鼠均为0级发作.结论:氯化锂-重复低剂量匹罗卡品诱导的大鼠癫痫模型具有制作方便、致痫成功率高和动物死亡率低特点,同人类癫痫持续状态和颞叶癫痫有相似的行为和脑电图改变.     

不同剂量海人酸海马注射建立大鼠颞叶癫痫模型的实验研究

目的 通过比较建模成功率,找到建立大鼠海人酸(kainic acid,KA)颞叶癫痫模型的合适用药剂量.方法 雄性SD大鼠80只,体重240-260 g,随机分为4组,每组20只,分别向右侧海马注射KA 1.0 μl,0.7 μl,0.4 μl和生理盐水1.0 μl,KA浓度0.5 μg/μl,术后观察4 h,按照Racine的癫痫大鼠发作时的行为学分级标准,连续3次达到Ⅳ-Ⅴ级发作者确定成功模型.结果 观察结束时,生理盐水组大鼠全部存活且未见痫性发作.KA 1.0 μl组死亡14只,Ⅴ级发作6只.KA 0.7 μl组死亡2只,Ⅴ级发作15只,Ⅳ级发作3只.KA 0.4 μl组死亡1只,Ⅴ级发作1只,Ⅳ级发作6只,Ⅲ级发作9只,Ⅱ级发作3只.经统计学检验,KA 0.7 μl组大鼠颞叶癫痫模型的成功率最高.结论 0.7 μl KA右侧海马注射较易获得大鼠颞叶癫痫模型.     

戊四氮致癫痫大鼠海马组织内SOD、MDA及NO的动态变化

目的:通过分析癫痫大鼠海马组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及一氧化氮(NO)水平的动态变化,探讨癫痫发作与氧化应激的关系。方法:健康成年雄性SD大鼠30只。随机选取25只大鼠建立癫痫模型,另外5只做对照组。采用戊四氮腹腔注射制作大鼠急性癫痫模型,并按照癫痫发作后30 min、1 h、6 h及24 h的20只大鼠随机分为癫痫发作30 min组、1 h组、6 h组和24 h组,每组各5只。取5组大鼠海马组织制成1:10(重量体积比)的组织匀浆,采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定SOD活性,硫代巴比妥酸法测定MDA含量,硝酸还原法测定NO水平。结果:与对照组相比,急性癫痫模型组大鼠发作后30 min、1 h和6 h脑内海马组织的MDA和NO水平明显上升,而SOD活性明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。急性癫痫模型组大鼠发作后24 h时,上述各值水平与对照组相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:癫痫发生与NO及脂质过氧化密切相关,SOD在癫痫的修复过程中起重要作用。     

降低氯化锂-匹罗卡品大鼠癫痫模型死亡率的实验研究

[目的]探讨有效控制氯化锂-匹罗卡品诱发癫痫持续状态,提高癫痫大鼠存活率的最佳条件。[方法]选用SD大鼠30只,腹腔注射氯化锂和匹罗卡品后,诱发大鼠癫痫持续状态1 h后,随机分为A组:只给东莨菪碱;B组:东莨菪碱+安定;C组:东莨菪碱+水合氯醛。比较3组大鼠间癫痫发作的持续状态、癫痫大鼠的死亡率、死亡发生的时间。[结果]A组大鼠癫痫发作的持续状态为16~20 h,死亡率为87.5%;B组大鼠在用药后15 min内可控制癫痫发作的持续状态,死亡率为62.5%;C组大鼠在用药后3~10 min可完全控制大鼠的癫痫发作持续状态,大鼠全部存活。[结论]水合氯醛可有效控制氯化锂-匹罗卡品诱发大鼠的癫痫持续状态,提高癫痫大鼠的存活率。     

Brain protective effect of EGF on iron-induced epilepsy rats

目的 探讨表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)在铁离子致痫大鼠模型中的脑保护作用.方法 成年大鼠64只,分为正常组、假手术组、模型组、治疗组,每组16只.模型组和治疗组建立大鼠大脑皮质铁离子注射致痫模型,假手术组皮质予以生理盐水注射,正常组不作处理.应用Western blot和RT-PCR方法检测各组大鼠谷氨酸转运蛋白-1(glutamate transporter,GLT-1)及其mRNA的表达情况,皮层脑电监测记录造模后大鼠脑电图特征,并通过Racine评分评价每组大鼠造模后第2周的行为学变化.结果 在成功造模后第8天,模型组大鼠皮层GLT-1蛋白(0.495±0.077)及mRNA含量(0.644±0.067)较正常组降低(P＜0.05),而EGF治疗组可明显上调铁离子致病大鼠脑皮层GLT-1蛋白(1.088±0.068)及mRN A(0.965±0.039)表达(P＜0.05);正常组、假手术组无痫性放电及癫痫发作,模型组及治疗组均出现痫样脑电及癫痫发作,但治疗组较模型组癫痫发作频次减少、程度减弱(P＜0.05).结论 EGF在大鼠铁离子致痫模型中可上调GLT-1蛋白及mRNA表达,降低大鼠癫痫发作频次及程度,对铁离子致痫大鼠具有一定脑保护作用.     

迷走神经刺激对海人酸致痫大鼠海马胶质细胞胶原纤维酸性蛋白的影响

目的观察迷走神经刺激（VNS）对海人酸（KA）致痫大鼠海马星形胶质细胞（AS）的胶原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的影响,探讨AS与癫痫的关系及在VNS治疗癫痫中的作用。方法 36只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、KA组和VNS＋KA组,每组12只。侧脑室注射0.05%KA溶液3μL制作大鼠癫痫模型;采用免疫组织化学和western blot方法检测VNS后KA致痫大鼠海马星形胶质细胞GFAP的变化。结果大鼠侧脑室注入KA后3～5min内癫痫发作,发作级别按国际公认Racine标准均达到Ⅳ～Ⅴ级;KA组大鼠海马GFAP阳性细胞数,western blot值显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,VNS＋KA组大鼠海马GFAP阳性细胞数和western blot值显著低于KA组（P〈0.01）。结论 VNS可抑制KA致痫大鼠海马星形胶质细胞GFAP的表达,提示抑制星形胶质细胞激活可能是VNS抑制癫痫的作用机制之一。     

皮层注射氯化铁建立外伤性癫痫动物模型

目的：建立大鼠外伤后癫痫模型并观察脑铁离子的代谢变化。方法：将铁离子注射到SD大鼠大脑感觉运动皮层,对照组给予相同操作但不注射铁离子。用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定脑组织中铁含量。结果：模型大鼠的脑铁含量在观察时间段呈逐渐降低的趋势。结论：铁可能是是外伤后癫痫形成机制的始动因素。     

微电极刺激大鼠杏仁核建立慢性癫痫动物模型

目的：建立杏仁核点燃的大鼠慢性癫痫模型。方法：在3．6％水合氯醛麻醉下，用漆包镍镙双极螺旋电极植入Wistar大鼠杏仁核，术后第7天，用微电极刺激大鼠杏仁核。记录脑电活动，同时观察大鼠行为变化。当脑电图上有发作后电位，即2～5Hz爆发性的尖波或棘慢波，波幅大于200μV，持续3s以上，同时按Racine分级法大鼠的行为表现达到4级或5级时可视为大鼠癫痫模型点燃成功。结果：34只Wistar大鼠被点燃。癫痫发作模式具有规律性、容易辨认、可重复诱发，癫痫发作程度可以量化的优点。6只为亚临床发作(即有典型的脑电图的棘波放电表现，但是行为不足4-5级)。结论：通过微电极刺激Wistar大鼠杏仁核可以建立稳定的大鼠癫痫慢性点燃模型。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.