聚丙烯/冷冻胶粉复合材料结构与性能的研究

采用熔融挤出的方法制备聚丙烯（PP）、冷冻胶粉（LGTR）、相容剂及增韧剂的共混物,研究了胶粉用量、相容剂种类和用量及增韧剂对共混体系力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明,LGTR的加入会降低PP的力学性能,但随着LGTR用量的增加,共混体系的冲击强度上升;相容剂的使用会增加PP与LGTR的相容性,使力学性能提高;热塑性聚烯烃类弹性体（POE）和三元乙丙胶接枝马来酸酐（EPDM-g-MAH）的使用可以有效提高PP/胶粉共混体系的缺口冲击强度,并且增韧剂的使用可以提高PP与LGTR之间的相容性;高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）/POE并用做增韧体系时,可以进一步提升共混体系的韧性,提高冲击强度。     

相容剂作用下超高相对分子质量聚乙烯增韧聚丙烯共混体系的研究

选取不同相容剂[马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯、线形低密度聚乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）]增容聚丙烯/超高相对分子质量聚乙烯（PP/PE-UHMW）共混体系,对比不同相容剂作用下PP/PE-UHMW共混体系力学性能的差异,并研究了PP/PE-UHMW/相容剂共混体系的亚微相结构,进一步探讨了微观结构对PP/PE-UHMW共混体系力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加相容剂的三元共混体系的结晶颗粒呈细化趋势;相容剂ABS的增容效果较好,PP/PE-UHMW/ABS共混体系的冲击强度最高可达113.31 J/m,并可保持PP原有的拉伸强度,但其断裂伸长率有较大幅度的降低。     

PC/PET共混合金相容性的研究

采用差示扫描量热仪、扫描电镜等测试手段对聚碳酸酯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PC/PET）共混合金的相容性进行研究。结果表明,未添加相容剂时,随PET含量的增加,共混合金的两个玻璃化转变温度有相互靠近的趋势,说明此体系部分相容。PET的加入可明显改善共混合金的加工流动性。PET含量为65 %左右时改善效果最佳。相容剂的加入使共混合金的拉伸强度和弯曲强度略有下降,但缺口冲击强度得到较大提高,在PC/PET（30/70）中添加3份乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（PTW）或7份乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物（EEA）即可使缺口冲击强度由5.5 kJ/m2提高到10 kJ/m2以上。含有甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）基团的相容剂PTW对两相界面的改善效果最好。     

相容剂和加工工艺对PA1010/PP共混体系形态和力学性能的影响

以马来酸酐（MAH）和苯乙烯（St）多单体熔融接枝聚丙烯[PP-g-(MAH-co-St）]为相容剂,制备了聚酰胺10101/聚丙烯（PA1010/PP）共混体系。用毛细管流变仪、扫描电子显微镜、力学性能测试等方法研究了和加工工艺相容剂对PA1010/PP共混体系的形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明,相容剂PP-g-(MAH-co-St)有效降低了PA1010/PP共混体系的熔体流动速率;该共混体系熔体属于假塑性流体,熔体黏度随PP-g-(MAH-co-St)含量的增加逐渐增大;随着相容剂含量的增加,PA1010/PP共混体系中分散相PP的粒径逐步减小,力学性能得到改善,PA1010/PP/PP-g-(MAH-co-St)为70/25/5和70/20/10的共混体系的拉伸强度分别比PA1010/PP (70/30)共混体系提高了55.0 %和61.9 %,冲击强度分别提高了61.0 %和129.7 %;剪切速率为706.5 s-1时出现熔体破裂现象,剪切速率为5002.65 s-1时出现严重熔体破裂。     

液晶离聚物在ABS/PBT共混体系中的增容研究

合成了一种含有磺酸基的液晶离聚物（LCI）,并研究了LCI作为相容剂对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（ABS/PBT）共混体系力学性能的影响。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和热失重（TGA）分析对ABS/PBT/LCI共混物的热性能、微观形态和相容性进行了研究。研究结果表明LCI的加入,改善了二者的相容性,从而提高了共混物的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率以及缺口冲击强度。     

加相容剂的聚丙烯汽车仪表盘专用料的研制

以聚丙烯（PP）为基础树脂,聚烯烃热塑性弹性体（POE）为增韧剂,马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP－g-MAH)为相容剂,滑石粉为填料制得性能符合汽车仪表盘要求的专用料,并研究了相容剂含量对共混体系性能的影响。结果表明,相容剂的加入能有效地改善聚合物与滑石粉的相容性,增强两相界面的粘结;当相容剂的用量为9份时,共混体系的拉伸强度和冲击强度达到最大值,与未加相容剂的共混体系相比提高20％－30％。相容剂的加入使共混体系的熔体粘度上升,但熔体流动速率有所下降。     

不同改性剂对ABS力学性能的影响

研究了改性剂种类及其含量对(丙烯腈/苯乙烯/丁二烯)共聚物(ABS)力学性能的影响.结果表明,ABS/(丙烯腈/苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯)共聚物(ASA)共混体系的冲击强度最高;ABS/ABS胶粉共混体系的缺口冲击强度最高;ASA和ABS胶粉对ABS拉伸强度的影响最小.(苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物(SBS)的质量分数为25%时,ABS的断裂伸长率最高.扫描电子显微镜观察发现,ABS/ABS胶粉共混试样断面发生的屈服程度较大.加入少量相容剂,ABS的力学性能并不能得到明显改善.     

剪切作用下POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用

采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯（PA1010/PP）共混物,通过扫描电镜、力学性能和差示扫描量热等方法研究了剪切作用下马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用。结果表明,同样条件下,PP-g-MAH增容体系的相区尺寸较小,相界面更模糊,PP相的结晶温度和结晶度明显提高,共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度均高于非增容体系。而POE-g-MAH增容体系的相区尺寸相对较大,PP相的结晶温度和结晶度明显降低,共混物只有冲击强度明显高于非增容体系,拉伸强度略低于非增容体系。     

PBT/ABS合金增容体系的研究

研究了3种不同结构的相容剂对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物（PBT/ABS）共混合金的力学性能和熔体流动速率的影响,并采用扫描电镜和差示扫描量热仪对PBT/ABS共混合金的相界面、相容性及结晶度进行了表征。结果表明,带有环氧官能团的相容剂KS-TD-00202能有效地提高PBT/ABS共混合金的相容性,在提高共混合金缺口冲击强度的同时,不降低拉伸强度和弯曲强度,也不影响共混合金的加工流动性,同时提高了PBT在共混合金中的结晶度。     

相容剂对PS／PP共混合金混容形态和性能的影响

研制了马来酸酯接枝聚丙烯相容剂，并将其用于聚苯乙烯／聚丙烯的共混改性；通过力学性能测试、透射电镜分析、差示扫描量热分析等方法研究了相容剂对ＰＳ／ＰＰ合金的混容形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明：相容剂的加入，使ＰＳ／ＰＰ由不相容的独立聚集的两相变为相畴很小的细分散相，共混高分子的链段运动也表现为趋于均相结构的运动方式。加入相容剂后共混材料的冲击强度有明显提高，拉伸强度也有所上升。相容剂的含量对性能也有较大影响，相容剂用量为８％时，力学性能最好，从ＤＳＣ测试中可以看到此时共混物趋向均相体系；继续增大相容剂用量，合金的力学性能反而下降。     

PA 6原位成纤复合改善PP的力学性能

采用挤出-热拉伸-淬冷法制备均聚聚丙烯(PP-H)/聚酰胺(PA)6原位成纤复合材料,研究PA 6的原位微纤化对PP-H力学性能的影响。结果表明:实验设计工艺可实现PA 6在PP-H基体中的原位微纤化,纤维直径约为0.5～2.0μm,但PA 6微纤与PP-H基体的界面结合性差,对PP-H的力学性能改善不佳;添加少量增容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯,可显著改善PP-H的力学性能,当w(PA 6)为15%时,添加少量增容剂后,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、简支梁缺口冲击强度分别为未添加增容剂时的1.27,1.39,1.49倍;注塑温度对复合材料中PA 6分散相的形态及材料力学性能有明显影响,高温注塑试样的力学性能普遍低于低温注塑试样。     

Compatibilization of SBR/NBR Blends Using Poly Acrylonitrile as Compatibilizer

Blends of styrene-co-butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile-co-butadiene rubber (NBR) were prepared and their rheological and mechanical properties were examined. The effect of the addition of 5 phr of poly acrylonitrile as compatibilizer on the compatibility of the rubber blend was studied. Ultrasonic and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to assess the degree of compatibility of the blend. The results revealed that the use of the prepared compatibilizer has significantly resulted in the clear stability of the cure rate index (CRI) of the blends and that the tensile strength was improved at (50/50) SBR/NBR blend. The degree of compatibility was enhanced to a great extent.     

多元复合高流动性聚丙烯的制备与性能

研究了滑石粉(Talc)及偶联剂用量、均聚聚丙烯(PP-H)与马来酸酐接枝物(PP-g-MAH)及PP-H对高流动性共聚聚丙烯(PP)性能的影响;比较了在填充20%Talc的共聚PP中分别添加PP-g-MAH和PP-H的复合体系力学性能及流变性能的变化规律。结果表明:钛酸酯偶联剂用量为1%(相对于Talc)时,所得Talc填充共聚PP综合性能最佳;当Talc用量大于10%时,共聚PP/Talc复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度、熔体流动速率随Talc含量的增加而逐渐下降,弯曲模量则逐渐提高;PP-g-MAH对高流动性共聚PP的拉伸强度增强效果明显优于PP-H,PP-H则使共聚PP的熔体流动性明显下降。     

原位成纤复合法改善聚丙烯的力学性能

采用原位成纤复合法制备了均聚聚丙烯(PP-H)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)原位成纤复合材料,研究了PET原位微纤化对PP-H力学性能的影响.实验采用的设计工艺可实现PET在PP-H基体中原位微纤化;原位生成的PET纤维对PP-H力学性能的影响呈各向异性,表现为拉伸及弯曲强度提高,冲击强度下降,改善效果受PET微观形态...     

Effect of triblock copolymers on homogeneity,mechanical properties and swelling behavior of IIR/SBR rubber blends

The present research concerns with the preparation and characterization of isobutylene isoprene/butadiene–styrene rubber (IIR/SBR) blends with different blend ratios, in the presence and absence of styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS) and styrene–isobutylene–styrene (SiBS) triblock copolymers to be tested as compatibilizers. Effect of the triblock copolymers on the blend homogeneity was investigated with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. Characterization of the rubber blends was conducted by measuring the physico-mechanical properties after and before thermal aging, in presence and absence of the triblock copolymers. In addition, weight swell % in toluene, motor oil and brake fluid of the rubber blend vulcanizates was assessed. The incorporation of SIS and SiBS triblock copolymers improved the homogeneity of IIR/SBR blends as well as increased both tensile strength and elongation at break of the rubber blend vulcanizates. Of the entire blend ratios examined, IIR/SBR (25/75) blend containing SIS compatibilizer possessed the best physico-mechanical properties (12.6 MPa tensile strength and 425 % elongation at break) and (14 MPa tensile strength and 555 % elongation at break) after and before thermal aging, respectively. Utilization of SIS and SiBS triblock copolymers enhanced the thermal stability of IIR/SBR blend vulcanizates. Moreover, IIR/SBR blends of different blend ratios showed superior swelling resistance in the brake fluid. IIR/SBR (25/75) blend containing SIS compatibilizer and cured with CBS/ZDEC/S vulcanizing system possessed the best physico-mechanical properties (14.4 MPa tensile strength and 440 % elongation at break) and (16.5 MPa tensile strength and 610 % elongation at break) after and before thermal aging, respectively.     

CPE/纳米SiO_2增容SBR/PVC热塑性弹性体的研究

研究了氯化聚乙烯（CPE）、CPE／纳米Si02增容丁苯橡胶／聚氯乙烯（SBR／PVC）共混型热塑性弹性体（TPV）的力学性能、耐溶剂性能和耐热变形性能,并用扫描电镜（SEM）分析了TPV的断面微观形态结构。结果表明,CPE／纳米SiO2的加入,细化了交联SBR分散相,改善了SBR在PVC中的分散性,有效提高了SBR与PVC的相容性;当CPE和纳米SiO2的质量分数分别为5％和9％时,增容效果好,与未增容TPV相比,增容TPV的断裂拉伸强度和撕裂强度分别增加了165．7％和108．8％,耐溶剂性能和耐热变形性能也明显提高。     

HPVC/SBR共混体系相容性的研究

采用动态硫化方法制备高聚合度聚氯乙烯（ＨＰＶＣ）／ＳＢＲ共混型热塑性弹性体,考察了单一组分相容剂「相容剂分别为ＮＢＲ２７０、ＮＢＲ Ｐ６５、ＣＰＥ和氢化苯乙烯－丁二烯、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（ＳＥＢＳ）」、复合相容剂（ＳＥＢＳ／ＮＢＲ和ＣＰＥ／ＮＢＲ）及交联程度对ＨＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混体系相容性的影响。结果表明,使用复合相容剂可明显改善ＨＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混物的性能;动态硫化在改善共混物力学性能方面起主要作     

动态硫化PVC/SBR共混体系的研究

采用动态硫化法制备了ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混物，考察了橡塑比、硫化体系、相容剂及ＰＶＣ交联对共混物性能的影响。结果表明，当ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ并用比为７５／２５，相容剂ＮＢＲ／氯化聚乙烯并用比为２．５／２．５，采用半有效或半有效加２份交联剂ＤＣＰ的硫化体系时，共混物综合性能较好。在ＰＶＣ中加入０．４份促进剂ＮＡ－２２可明显改善共混物的压缩永久变形。     

Effect of styrene–isoprene–styrene,styrene–butadiene–styrene,and styrene–butadiene–rubber on the mechanical,thermal, rheological,and morphological properties of polypropylene/polystyrene blends

The mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological properties of polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) blends compatibilized with styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS), styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), and styrene–butadiene–rubber (SBR) were studied. The incompatible PP and PS phases were effectively dispersed by the addition of SIS, SBS, and SBR as compatibilizers. The PP/PS blends were mechanically evaluated in terms of the impact strength, ductility, and tensile yield stress to determine the influence of the compatibilizers on the performance properties of these materials. SIS‐ and SBS‐compatibilized blends showed significantly improved impact strength and ductility in comparison with SBR‐compatibilized blends over the entire range of compatibilizer concentrations. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated compatibility between the components upon the addition of SIS, SBS, and SBR by the appearance of shifts in the melt peak of PP toward the melting range of PS. The melt viscosity and storage modulus of the blends depended on the composition, type, and amount of compatibilizer. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the compatibility between the PP and PS components in the presence of SIS, SBS, and SBR by showing finer phase domains. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 266–277, 2003