铝材碱性电解抛光工艺的研究

针对铝材酸性电解抛光工艺废水污染严重的问题,对碱性电解抛光工艺进行了研究,并确定了碱性电解抛光中各种药品的用量及运行条件。结果表明:碱性电解抛光技术在一定程度上能够满足铝材抛光的需求。通过实验,获得了抛光效果好、使用寿命长、无磷的抛光液。     

铝周期换向脉冲电解着色

研究了周期换向脉冲电源的工作比、频率等对铝电解着色的影响，并对着色效果进行了评价，采用周期换向脉冲电源进行电解着色优于交流电解着色。     

铝合金换向电流法氧化发色工艺的研究

采用周期换向电流法对铜较高的铝合金进行电解氧化发色。分别对温度与氧化电流密度等影响氧化膜生长速度与质量的工艺条件做了分析研究,取得了实用的工艺操作作规程。研究结果表明：应用周期换向电流法可以在硫酸溶液中对较难氧化着色的铝铜合金进行氧化发色,得到黄－黄绿－绿－黑绿－黑系列颜色的氧化膜。     

钨螺旋线电解抛光工艺研究

研究了一种钨材料螺旋线的电解抛光溶液配方及工艺参数,其溶液组成为磷酸三钠-氢氧化钠-丙三醇的电解溶液,采用粗糙度测试和扫描电镜等分析方法,研究了电解抛光后钨螺旋线的粗糙度、表面形貌等性能。结果表明,钨螺旋线经电解抛光后,粗糙度可达0. 1μm,在扫描电镜下观察,表面平整,无划痕、毛刺等缺陷。     

镁合金电解抛光工艺

采用高氯酸–无水乙醇溶液对AZ31镁合金进行电解抛光。以抛光过程中的电流密度、抛光样品的失重和反光率为性能指标,研究了抛光液中的高氯酸含量和抛光电压对抛光效果的影响。得到电解抛光的最佳工艺为:高氯酸与无水乙醇的体积比1∶9,抛光电压7 V(电流密度2.465 A/dm2),抛光温度0°C,抛光时间5 min。采用最佳工艺抛光后,样品的反光率可达91%。该工艺成本较低,可采用冰水混合物控温,有望在生产(尤其是电子背散射衍射样品的制备)中推广和应用。     

YBCO涂层导体用哈氏合金C-276基带电化学抛光

为改善哈氏合金C-276基带表面质量,以磷酸-硫酸及添加剂体系作为电解抛光液,采用均匀实验设计方法,对基带进行电解抛光试验,利用原子力显微镜(AFM)对样品表面形貌进行表征,并用DPS(Data Processing System)软件对抛光工艺进行逐步回归优化。优化结果表明,在室温下,采用磷酸(85%)、硫酸(98%)体积比为27∶50及适量比例添加剂组成的电解液抛光效果较好,抛光后基带表面均方根粗糙度(Rms)在25μm×25μm范围内可降低到10nm以下。     

不锈钢化学抛光的定量研究

采用重量法和光反射率定量地研究了不锈钢化学抛光时溶液组分和操作条件对抛光效果的影响，得出了最佳的抛光工艺，其抛光效果接近镜面光亮。     

铝及铝合金无铬电解抛光

传统的铝及铝合金电解抛光含有严重污染环境的铬酸，新开发的无铬电解抛光工艺采用了丙二醇代替铬酸后解决了六价铬对环境污染的问题，而活性酸、醚类化合物的添加使其光亮度优于传统的含铬电解抛光，该工艺具有成本低、速度快、寿命长的优点。     

铜和铜合金电解抛光

1　前言电解抛光是金属零件在特定条件下的阳极浸蚀。和化学抛光相比 ,电解抛光的表面质量好 ,而且溶液稳定 ,不产生有害气体。因此 ,电解抛光的应用正在日益发展和扩大。在检索和分析国内外有关文献资料的基础上 ,经过认真试验 ,严格筛选 ,终于研制成功一种双组份(ＨＨ991Ａ、ＨＨ991Ｂ)电解抛光添加剂 ,产品的价格仅为进口同类产品的一半 ,在显微镜下 ,将用抛光剂的零件与用进口抛光剂抛光的零件进行对比 ,ＨＨ991Ａ、ＨＨ991Ｂ比进口产品有着明显的优势。2　电解抛光添加剂和抛光液在电解抛光过程中 ,阳极表面形成了具有高电阻率的稠性粘…     

铝合金无铬电化学抛光研究

采用紫外光谱和电化学测试方法,研究铝合金无铬电化学抛光添加剂、配方、工艺,其抛光效果优于铬酸电化学抛光,是一项有应用前景的新工艺。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。