热预处理对中子辐照直拉硅中热施主的影响

对快中子辐照的直拉硅分别进行了650 ℃和120 ℃快速(RTP)预热处理.450 ℃下不同时间热处理激发热施主,通过四探针测量电阻率和载流子浓度的变化规律,应用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)测量间隙氧含量的变化.实验表明经650 ℃预热处理,使辐照样品热施主的形成受到了抑制;Ar气氛RTP预处理条件下,随辐照剂量的增加热施主形成的总量会不断下降.N2气氛RTP预处理,使未辐照样品的热施主形成被抑制,气氛对辐照样品热施主的形成没有明显的影响.     

高温快速热处理对硅中热施主的影响

研究了不同气氛(N2、O2、Ar)下高温快速热处理(RTP)对热施主形成和消除特性的影响.研究发现无论在何种气氛下进行高温RTP,对热施主的形成均无影响.扩展电阻的分析结果表明,热施主在硅片纵向的分布是均匀的.根据高温RTP后硅片的空位特征,认为点缺陷对热施主的形成特性无影响.同时研究了高温RTP预处理对热施主消除特性的影响,发现氧气和氩气高温RTP的样品其生成的热施主经过650℃退火即可消除,和普通的热施主消除特性相同.而N2气氛下高温RTP的样品,650℃退火后仍有部分施主存在,经950℃退火才能彻底消除,这可能是由于RTP处理中发生氮的内扩散,在后续热处理中形成氮氧复合体浅施主中心所致.     

高温快速热处理对硅中热施主的影响

研究了不同气氛(N2 、O2 、Ar)下高温快速热处理(RTP)对热施主形成和消除特性的影响.研究发现无论在何种气氛下进行高温RTP ,对热施主的形成均无影响.扩展电阻的分析结果表明,热施主在硅片纵向的分布是均匀的.根据高温RTP后硅片的空位特征,认为点缺陷对热施主的形成特性无影响.同时研究了高温RTP预处理对热施主消除特性的影响,发现氧气和氩气高温RTP的样品其生成的热施主经过6 5 0℃退火即可消除,和普通的热施主消除特性相同.而N2 气氛下高温RTP的样品,6 5 0℃退火后仍有部分施主存在,经95 0℃退火才能彻底消除,这可能是由于RTP处理中发生氮的内扩散     

NTDCZSi中辐照施主的研究

本文对中子嬗变掺杂直拉硅(NTDCZSi)中辐照施主(ID)的退火行为和性质进行了研究,并探讨了不同中子辐照剂量和氧、碳含量对辐照施主形成的影响。首次报道了低于750℃热处理所产生的施主平台现象,并分别利用低温Hall测量和透射电镜对其进行了研究。结果表明,ID在禁带中产生～20meV的浅施主能级,其电活性起源于硅和二氧化硅沉淀的界面态。     

中子辐照CZ硅单晶热处理后的电阻率变化

CZ硅单晶受中子辐照,产生辐照缺陷,使其电阻率相对于其原始值有一定的偏差,经氮气气氛、650～700℃热处理,其电阻率可以基本恢复原始值.     

单晶硅中氢与辐照缺陷的相互作用

对NTD氢区熔单晶硅进行了不同温度下等时退火,采用Hall电学方法测量了电阻率、迁移率随退火温度的变化规律.利用红外吸收技术测量了单晶硅氢区熔退火前后及NTD氢区熔单晶硅不同退火温度下与氢、辐照缺陷有关的红外振动吸收峰变化,对辐照缺陷的退火行为进行了探讨.实验证实NTD氢区熔单晶硅在150～650℃范围内等时退火具有显著特点:在500℃下退火,出现电阻率极小值,即出现浓度很高的过量浅施主;P型向N型转变温度为400℃,迁移率恢复温度为500℃,载流子恢复温度为600℃,均明显低于NTD氩区熔单晶硅转型温度及迁移率和载流子恢复温度,这与氢积极参与辐照缺陷相互作用直接相关.     

单晶硅中氢与辐照缺陷的相互作用

对NTD氢区熔单晶硅进行了不同温度下等时退火,采用Hall电学方法测量了电阻率、迁移率随退火温度的变化规律.利用红外吸收技术测量了单晶硅氢区熔退火前后及NTD氢区熔单晶硅不同退火温度下与氢、辐照缺陷有关的红外振动吸收峰变化,对辐照缺陷的退火行为进行了探讨.实验证实NTD氢区熔单晶硅在150～650℃范围内等时退火具有显著特点:在500℃下退火,出现电阻率极小值,即出现浓度很高的过量浅施主;P型向N型转变温度为400℃,迁移率恢复温度为500℃,载流子恢复温度为600℃,均明显低于NTD氩区熔单晶硅转型温度及迁移率和载流子恢复温度,这与氢积极参与辐照缺陷相互作用直接相关.     

快速热处理对PECVD氮化硅薄膜性能的影响

利用PECVD在硅片上沉积了氮化硅(SiNx)薄膜,将沉积膜后的样品放在N2气氛中进行快速热处理(RTP),研究了不同快速热处理对PECVD氮化硅薄膜件能的影响.采用原子力显微镜(AFM)检测薄膜的表面形貌,利用椭圆偏振仪测量样品膜厚和折射率,利用准稳态光电导衰减法(QSSPCD)测鼋样品的少子寿命.实验结果表明随着RTP温度的升高,薄膜厚度迅速减小,折射率迅速增大;低于500℃热处理时,少子寿命基本不变;高于500℃热处理时,随着温度的升高,少子寿命急剧下降.氮化硅薄膜经热处理后反射率基本不变.     

微氮硅单晶中新施主的形成特性

借助于电学测量和低温（８Ｋ）红外分析技术，研究了微氮硅单晶中新施主的形成特性在６５０℃长时间热处理后，微氮硅单晶不产生新施主，其中氮破坏了新施主的可能形核中心低温４５０℃预退火能促进新施主生成，而高温１０５０℃预退火样品则同样没有新施主生成．     

CZNTD Si中氧碳对缺陷-杂质复合体行为的影响

本文研究了CZNTD Si中氧碳和缺陷-杂质复合体的热处理行为.分析了辐照和退火中的氧碳沉淀、缺陷-杂质复合体的形成、演变与施主的关系.确定了辐照施主是很少的,而主要是退火中形成的新施主,并且碳对这种施主起着强烈的促进作用.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.