用于油井相含率测量的光纤探针传感器研究

针对地面成熟三相流相含率测量传感器无法适应井下高温高压腐蚀的复杂环境,现有井下测量设备复杂,需要多种传感器和探头联合才能实现三相流相含率测量的问题,设计了一种光纤探针传感器。以蓝宝石作为光纤探针的前端敏感材料,利用气相和液相对光的折射率不同,通过检测探针反射光的光强来分辨光纤探针处于气相还是液相。通过检测经探针耦合进光纤的荧光光强分辨水相还是油相,从而实现单一探针传感器对油井内油相、水相、气相三相相含率的测量。     

基于光纤传感器的油气水三相流持气率测井仪

针对测井过程中油气水三相流的含气率的测量问题,本文研究了用于测量含气率的集流型光纤探针测井仪器。首先设计了测井仪器的系统,并对光纤探针法测含气率原理做了分析,其次确定了光纤探针测量含气率的最优探头角度,最后设计了光纤探针传感器驱动电路。     

基于容抗法的瞬时液膜厚度测量系统设计

设计了一种采用容抗法测量气液两相流瞬时液膜厚度的测量系统,通过测量气液两相流瞬时液膜厚度,来反映气液两相流截面持液率大小。对容抗法测量瞬时液膜厚度的原理进行了详细分析,建立了探针电容传感器的数学模型,完成了检测电路设计。根据此数学模型,确立了瞬时液膜厚度与输出电压的线性关系。在虚拟电子工作平台上,对该测量系统做了仿真实验分析,仿真数据表明该测量系统是切实可行的。     

双简支梁结构光纤光栅加速度传感探头的设计

采用双简支梁结构设计了一种光纤光栅加速度传感探头,探头弹性系统由双简支梁、双光纤光栅、质量块等组成。采用差动补偿法解决了光纤光栅传感器温度与应变交叉敏感问题。该探头结构简单,线性度好,一阶谐振频率达到525Hz,不受电磁干扰,不受光路功率波动和相位噪声影响,且测量灵敏度是单光纤光栅传感器的2倍。     

双简支梁结构光纤光栅加速度传感探头的设计

采用双简支梁结构设计了一种光纤光栅加速度传感探头,探头弹性系统由双简支梁、双光纤光栅、质量块等组成。采用差动补偿法解决了光纤光栅传感器温度与应变交叉敏感问题。该探头结构简单,线性度好,一阶谐振频率达到525Hz,不受电磁干扰,不受光路功率波动和相位噪声影响,且测量灵敏度是单光纤光栅传感器的2倍。     

基于LabVIEW的含水率测量系统设计

以油气水三相流的重要参数——含水率的测量为主要研究内容,以研制一种适用于地面的体积小、造价低、耐高温、耐高压的三相流含水率测量仪器为主要研究目的。在分析和研究国内外多相流测量技术资料的基础上,结合目前我国国内油田开采处于高含水期的现状和生产需求,提出了基于电导测量技术结合LabVIEW虚拟仪器的电极系含水率测量系统设计和实现方案。研制出了一种适用于我国石油工业的地面油气水三相流含水率测量的仪器设备,并在室内三相流模拟试验平台进行了实验,证实了所研制的电极系含水率测量系统样机性能良好、结构合理,所提出的含水率测量技术方案完全可行,在含水率测量系统的研制和性能试验中发挥了重要的作用。     

微结构聚合物光纤化学修饰的pH值传感探头

为了拓展微结构聚合物光纤(MPOF)在化学传感领域内的应用研究以及对MPOF孔道内壁功能化修饰技术的深入研究, 首先对36孔的MPOF孔道内壁进行酸催化水解处理, 随后采用化学键合的方式将荧光探针曙红通过偶联剂负载于MPOF孔道内壁, 从而制成用于pH值测定的传感探头。该传感探头被修饰后的多个孔道可以容纳微量的待测溶液, 待测物与孔道内壁的荧光探针作用后, 光信号将可以沿光纤传输, 并被检测。整个化学反应的传感过程是在孔道内进行的, 传导的光束能够和敏感材料相重叠, 利于微量分析同时避免了对敏感膜的损坏。实验结果显示pH值在2.0～4.4范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系, 该传感探头的重现性良好, 并且采用此修饰方法制备的MPOF传感探头对于荧光探针的固定性比较好, 无明显泄漏。     

基于敏感薄膜的F-P光纤温度传感器的高温特性

根据薄膜型光纤温度传感器的感温原理及光学薄膜的应力特性,利用膜层干涉的特征矩阵分析了传感元件的传感特性,建立了薄膜型光纤温度传感器的热应力特性及其对传感特性影响的理论模型。通过对薄膜和光纤的热光效应和热膨胀特性的分析,对比了蓝宝石光纤、纯硅芯光纤和普通多模光纤三种光纤基底的热应力-温度特性,设计了高温传感器传感探头的薄膜膜系,分析了膜系中每层膜的热应力-温度特性,以及临界载荷应力特性,确定所选光纤基底脱膜的临界应力值。通过模拟不同应力作用下的光谱传感特性,为传感器薄膜敏感探头的稳定性和可靠性提供理论依据和支持,提高传感器研制的效率。     

不分离式三相流量仪电子系统设计

多相流是指在流体流动中不是单相物质,而是有两种或两种以上不同相的物质同时存在的一种运动。在石油和天然气工业中,多相流是十分普遍的现象,常见的是液、液、气三相,即油、气、水混合物的三相。研究油气水三相流的流动规律,包括流动形态、压力变化的规律,具有重大的理论和应用价值。多相流是一个多变的随机过程,需要多方面的测量技术,其难度主要体现在油气水三相组分含量和各相流速的测量。     

一种光纤温度传感器的研究

本文提出了一种可用于航空发动机进口温度测量的光纤传感系统，这种双光纤传感器是通过检测光偏振态的变化来测量温度特性的。以蓝宝石单晶片作为探头的敏感元件，可耐２０００℃以上的高温。并且利用蓝宝石晶体的双折射特性得到关于温度的信息，本文从物理模型和数学分析上证实了这种传感器的可行性，用光纤传感器代替传统的发动起进口温度测量系统,可以促进全权数字式电子探测系统再新一代航空发动机中的应用.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.