高氯酸对SBA-15的结构及水热稳定性的影响

采用水热合成法,分别以HCl、H2SO4和HClO4为介质合成有序介孔分子筛SBA-15,通过X射线衍射表征SBA-15介孔分子筛的结构和晶相水热稳定性,用比表面积仪和透射电子显微镜表征SBA-15介孔分子筛的孔道水热稳定性。结果表明:在HClO4条件下制备的SBA-15介孔分子筛的长程有序度和晶相水热稳定性明显高于H2SO4和HCl条件下制备的样品。改变HClO4的浓度后发现20%HClO4条件下制备的SBA-15的晶相和孔道的水热稳定性最好,沸水处理条件下可以稳定存在150h。     

M/SBA-15(M=Cu、Fe、Cr)介孔分子筛的制备、表征及其催化NO+CO反应研究

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用浸渍法制备M/SBA-15(M=Cu、Fe、Cr) 介孔分子筛催化剂。采用XRD、BET、FT-IR、H₂-TPR和XPS等对样品进行分析表征,在固定床微型反应器中评价M/SBA-15(M=Cu、Fe、Cr)分子筛催化剂催化NO+CO的反应性能。结果表明,负载金属的SBA-15分子筛仍保持高度有序的二维六方介孔结构,比表面积和孔径略有减少,负载的活性金属组分在SBA-15分子筛表面具有较高的分散度。Cu/SBA-15、Cr/SBA-15和Fe/SBA-15催化剂对NO+CO反应体系均有一定活性,但由于活性金属自身的特性及其在载体表面负载量的差异,3种催化剂上呈现的NO还原活性不同,顺序为：Cr/SBA-15＞Cu/SBA-15＞Fe/SBA-15。     

甲基纤维素对Ni/SBA-16加氢脱芳催化剂的影响

以甲基纤维素(MC)为辅助模板剂,制备了SBA-16介孔分子筛(SBA-16-MC),以该材料为载体制备了Ni/SBA-16-MC,用作以萘为探针的加氢脱芳反应的催化剂。对催化剂的晶相、形貌、比表面积、孔径等进行了表征,并评价了催化剂的催化性能。结果表明:MC的加入使Ni/SBA-16-MC具有比Ni/SBA-16更高的比表面积、孔容和更大的介孔孔径,SBA-16-MC上NiO与载体的作用变弱,NiO的还原温度降低。Ni/SBA-16-MC的催化活性和选择性均明显高于Ni/SBA-16,脱芳率高于91.0%,十氢萘选择性高于85.0%。     

SiW_(12)/SBA-15介孔分子筛催化合成月桂酸乙酯

用传统的水热合成法制备纯硅介孔分子筛SBA-15,将SiW12负载在SBA-15上.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)对不同负载量的催化剂进行了表征.表征结果表明,催化剂SiW12/SBA-15仍具有纯硅SBA-15的介孔结构,SiW12的Keggin结构保持完整.该催化剂用于月桂酸与乙醇的酯化反应,重点考察了硅钨酸的负载量、反应温度、酸醇比、催化剂用量等因素对酯化反应性能的影响.得到最佳反应条件为:硅钨酸的负载量为25%,反应温度90 ℃,酸醇比1:2.5,催化剂用量为月桂酸质量的1%,反应时间4 h.催化剂再生实验结果认为,SiW12/SBA-15介孔分子筛具有良好的再生性能和稳定性.     

Al掺杂SBA-15介孔材料的合成与吸附性能研究

采用两步水热法合成了Al掺杂SBA-15介孔分子筛,并且用XRD、SEM、N2吸附与UV-Vis对所合成的样品进行表征。考察了Al掺杂SBA-15介孔分子筛的有序度、表面形貌、比表面积、Si/Al比以及对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响。结果表明:介孔材料保持了完好的二维六方介孔结构,表面形貌无变化,比表面积减小,铝元素均匀地掺杂于SBA-15的骨架当中,Si/Al约为21. 4; Al掺杂SBA-15对水溶液中的亚甲基蓝展现出良好的吸附性能,在15min内,吸附率达96%。     

间接模板剂法合成介孔SAPO-11分子筛及其加氢异构化性能

采用水热合成法,将未焙烧的介孔材料SBA-15作为硅源合成介孔SAPO-11分子筛。利用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附等温曲线,BET物理吸附,NH3-TPD以及扫描电子显微镜等对分子筛的形貌和孔结构性质进行表征。将正十二烷作为原料,考察负载量为0.5%的Pt/SAPO-11分子筛催化剂的加氢异构化反应催化性能。结果表明:以未焙烧的SBA-15作为硅源制备介孔SAPO-11分子筛,介孔比表面积为77.2 m2/g以及介孔孔容为0.261 m~3/g,有效降低孔道传质阻力,酸量显著增加,活性位增多,使长链烷烃加氢异构化的选择性达到65.21%。     

高分散的Ir/SBA-15的制备及其催化性能

采用一锅法将P123、TEOS、HCl和H2IrCl6溶液混合,酸性条件下得到高度分散的Ir/SBA-15催化剂.使用X射线衍射、透射电镜和N2吸附-脱附等对样品进行表征.结果表明,一步合成的Ir/SBA-15依然保持高度有序的介孔孔道结构、较大比表面积和孔容,而且Ir在SBA-15孔道内高度分散.CO的催化氧化反应结...     

V/SBA-15的制备及催化氧化性能研究

以柠檬酸处理过的偏钒酸铵为钒源,采用后合成法制备出了V/SBA-15负载型催化剂,研究其在氧化苯乙烯制苯甲醛反应中的催化性能.结果表明,在钒负载量低于15％时,V/SBA-15仍保持SBA-15的高度有序的二维六方孔道结构,且具有较大的比表面积和孔体积,负载的活性组分金属钒氧化物均匀分布在介孔分子筛表面;在优化条件下催化氧化苯乙烯制苯甲醛,苯乙烯转化率达65.62％,苯甲醛的选择性81.21％,且V/SBA-15具有较好的催化剂稳定性.     

不同形貌AuAg/SBA-15的微波可控合成及其催化性能研究

采用微波辅助合成的方法制备出不同形貌的AuAg/SBA-15催化剂。表征结果表明:AuAg合金纳米粒子被限域在SBA-15介孔分子筛的孔道中,增强了活性组分与载体间的作用力,提高了催化剂的稳定性。4-硝基苯酚还原性能结果表明:催化剂的孔径和孔道结构对其催化性能具有重要的影响,其中具有短孔道和大孔径的片状AuAg/SBA-15表现出较好的扩散性能,并在4-硝基苯酚还原反应中具有较高的活性。     

SBA-15介孔分子筛的功能化新应用进展

SBA-15介孔分子筛,具有规则的孔径分布,大的孔径和较厚的孔壁,可以作为载体材料,且在反应中能提供特殊的微环境,因此在催化与纳米材料领域具有非常广阔的应用前景.针对SBA-15的应用现状,本文集中探讨了现阶段SBA-15在介孔碳的合成、色谱填料基体、纳米化学反应器等新兴领域的应用研究进展,并对今后SBA-15的发展以及研究方向进行了展望.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。