小体积前列腺增生经尿道电切术后膀胱颈挛缩的防治

目的：探讨小体积前列腺增生经尿道电切术后膀胱颈挛缩的防治效果。方法回顾分析2005年1月至2013年1月小体积前列腺增生经尿道电切术后膀胱颈挛缩7例,给予经尿道膀胱颈切开术加膀胱颈电切术。结果7例拔除尿管后均排尿通畅,其中排尿满意6例,拔除尿管后1周感尿流变细1例,行尿道扩张半年,7例随访至2 年,均感排尿满意。结论彻底切除纤维组织是预防膀胱颈挛缩的重要因素,经尿道膀胱颈切开术加膀胱颈电切术治疗小体积前列腺增生经尿道电切术后膀胱颈挛缩效果满意。     

小体积前列腺增生并膀胱颈硬化症的诊断与治疗

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）加经尿道膀胱颈切开治疗小体积前列腺增生合并膀胱颈硬化症的疗效。方法经尿道治疗小体积前列腺增生合并膀胱颈硬化症34例。结果术后随访全部排尿通畅,残余尿量明显减少,未出现膀胱颈挛缩。结论TURP加经尿道膀胱颈切开是治疗小体积前列腺增生合并膀胱颈硬化症的理想术式。     

经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩的腔内治疗

目的探讨腔内治疗经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩的疗效。方法对经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩患者42例,经尿道置入电切镜切除膀胱颈后唇瘢痕组织,再以针状电极行膀胱颈内切开术。结果42例患者术后症状改善,最大尿流率（17．1±4．3）ml／s和平均尿流率（7．5±1．6）ml／s均高于术前（P〈0．05）;平均随访18个月,除3例复发经再次手术治愈,其余均一次治愈。结论经尿道腔内治疗前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩,是一种安全、疗效确切的微创手术方法。     

前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩治疗30例临床分析

目的探讨腔内治疗经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩的疗效。方法对经尿道前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩患者42例,经尿道置入电切镜切除膀胱颈后唇瘢痕组织,再以针状电极行膀胱颈内切开术。结果42例患者术后症状改善,最大尿流率（17．1±4．3）ml／s和平均尿流率（7．5±1．6）ml／s均高于（P〈0．05）;平均随访18个月,除3例复发经再次手术治愈,其余均一次治愈。绪论经尿道腔内治疗前列腺电切术后膀胱颈挛缩,是一种安全、疗效确切的微创手术方法。     

经尿道前列腺电切术后尿道狭窄的高危因素及防治

目的 分析探讨经尿道前列腺电切术后尿道狭窄的高危因素，减少尿道狭窄的发生以及防治方法。方法 对395例诊断为良性前列腺增生症的患者，经尿道前列腺电切术后随访，对发生尿道狭窄的患者给予早期尿道扩张或手术治疗。结果 本组发生尿道狭窄20例，发生率5．06％，其中前尿道狭窄7例，后尿道狭窄13例。行单纯尿道扩张术15例，治愈12例，失败3例改尿道内切开术加尿道扩张术后治愈；尿道内切开加尿道扩张术3例均治愈；膀胱颈部闭锁或挛缩者2例，均行膀胱颈部凿通和电切术，1次手术治愈1例，2次手术治愈1例。结论 尿道狭窄为经尿道前列腺电切术后常见并发症，术后定期密切随访及早期治疗是治愈的关键，尿道狭窄的发生与术中操作及术后管理不当、泌尿系感染等因素有密切关系。     

经尿道前列腺电切术后尿道狭窄的防治研究

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺电切(TURP)术后尿道狭窄的防治。方法:回顾TURP治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者940例,对术后出现35例尿道狭窄进行总结。结果:940例患者,术后1月～2年发生尿道狭窄35例。前尿道狭窄15例,后尿道狭窄12例,膀胱颈挛缩8例。35例随访1月～2年,平均12个月。单纯尿道扩张术18例,12例完全治愈,6例改行尿道内切开术;尿道内切开加尿道扩张术9例完全治愈,膀胱颈部挛缩者8例,行膀胱颈部挛缩电切术均治愈。结论:尿道狭窄是TURP术后常见并发症,术后随访,早期治疗是关键。     

经尿道前列腺电切术后尿道狭窄的高危因素及防治

目的分析探讨经尿道前列腺电切术后尿道狭窄的高危因素,减少尿道狭窄的发生以及防治方法。方法对395例诊断为良性前列腺增生症的患者,经尿道前列腺电切术后随访,对发生尿道狭窄的患者给予早期尿道扩张或手术治疗。结果本组发生尿道狭窄20例,发生率5.06%,其中前尿道狭窄7例,后尿道狭窄13例。行单纯尿道扩张术15例,治愈12例,失败3例改尿道内切开术加尿道扩张术后治愈;尿道内切开加尿道扩张术3例均治愈;膀胱颈部闭锁或挛缩者2例,均行膀胱颈部凿通和电切术,1次手术治愈1例,2次手术治愈1例。结论尿道狭窄为经尿道前列腺电切术后常见并发症,术后定期密切随访及早期治疗是治愈的关键,尿道狭窄的发生与术中操作及术后管理不当、泌尿系感染等因素有密切关系。     

208例前列腺摘除术后八例排尿困难临床分析

目的：分析前列腺摘除术后困难的原因,为预防和治疗提供依据。方法：回顾分析8例腺摘除术后出现排尿困难的临床资料。结果：4例膀胱颈口挛缩,2例颈后唇口挛缩,2例颈后唇口高,1例腺体残留,1例尿道狭窄。结论：膀胱颈口挛缩及颈后唇过高,术中注意观察,行膀胱颈及后唇的V形切除,尿道电切及尿道扩张可作为其治疗措施。     

36例经尿道电切联合针状电极膀胱颈切开术治疗膀胱颈挛缩效果分析

目的探讨经尿道电切联合针状电极膀胱颈切开术治疗膀胱颈挛缩的效果。方法对36例确诊为膀胱颈挛缩的患者行经尿道电切联合针状电极膀胱颈切开术治疗。结果术后34例排尿通畅,尿线粗;2例仍有轻度排尿困难症状。给予α-受体阻断剂口服和尿道扩张术后,症状明显减轻。所有患者均无继发出血、尿道狭窄、尿失禁、膀胱直肠瘘等并发症发生。对30例进行平均12个月随访：最大尿流率（Qmax）为17．5-25．4ml／s,平均20．1ml／s;无膀胱颈挛缩复发;排尿后B超测残余尿量0-40ml,平均20ml。结论经尿道电切联合针状电极膀胱颈切开术治疗膀胱颈挛缩效果确切,复发率低。应将其作为膀胱颈挛缩的首选治疗方法。     

膀胱颈挛缩的诊治体会

目的：探讨膀胱颈挛缩的诊断方法及合理的治疗方法方法：回顾分析45例膀胱颈挛缩患者的诊断、手术方式的选择及疗效。结果：18例开放性手术(经耻骨上膀胱颈前列腺切除术7例,膀胱颈Y-V成形术4例,膀胱颈Y-V成形加后唇楔形切除术7例),术后7例有排尿不畅感,2例需再次手术;27例经尿道膀胱电切术,术后2例有排尿不畅感,无再次手术的患者。结论：尿流动力学和尿道膀胱镜检查是诊断膀胱颈挛缩的主要依据,经尿道膀胱电切术是目前治疗膀胱颈挛缩的最好方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.