典型F级IGCC系统性能优化研究

整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)机组因其可以实现煤的清洁高效利用而备受关注,围绕如何通过燃气轮机与空分系统整体化率、主机参数匹配、底循环参数优化等来提高IGCC机组热效率是国内外学者研究的热点。以典型的F级IGCC机组为研究对象,建立了系统的热力计算和分析模型,从汽水系统流程、燃料预热和汽水系统蒸汽参数多个方面对系统进行了优化研究,揭示了IGCC系统性能的变化规律,并在综合考虑余热锅炉换热温差、汽轮机结构设计等制约因素下得到了大幅提高该IGCC机组效率的优化参数配置。     

双压无再热联合循环系统热力参数优化分析

文中针对燃气蒸汽联合循环中双压无再热汽水系统的热力参数对循环效率的影响,利用热平衡方程式通过Matlab计算软件建立了汽水系统的计算模型,基于PG9171E型燃气轮机,以底循环效率为目标函数,建立了余热锅炉的高压蒸汽温度上限,排汽湿度,高压蒸汽膨胀到低压蒸汽压力时与低压蒸汽的温差三个约束条件,对系统热力参数进行计算,得到热力参数对系统性能的影响曲线,通过进一步优化,最终得到汽轮机最佳的运行参数。     

联合循环机组蒸汽系统的设计优化

联合循环机组蒸汽系统的设计需根据电厂的海拔、气温、燃料等条件选择和优化。本文研究了联合循环蒸汽系统流程的选择和参数优化的方法．给出了五种典型燃气轮机联合循环机组蒸汽系统的算例和分析．指出了蒸汽系统流程配置和参数对联合循环机组效率和出力的定量影响。     

燃气-蒸汽联合循环热效率关于耦合参数的关系式

在考虑实际影响因素的前提下,推导出燃气轮机热效率关于耦合参数的关系式。以三压有再热余热锅炉的燃气-蒸汽联合循环为例,推导出非补式余热锅炉型蒸汽轮机热效率关于耦合参数的关系式,在此基础上得到了燃气-蒸汽联合循环热效率关于耦合参数的关系式。为研究燃气-蒸汽关于耦合参数的优化研究提供理论依据。     

联合循环电站的参数选择

联合循环电站的参数选择林睦仁在“联合循环电站及其汽轮机”一文中，讨论了联合循环电站在热效率方面的卓越优势和巨大的发展前景，联合循环电站的设计特点，燃气轮机、余热锅炉和汽轮机的相互关系，联合循环电站汽轮机特点和蒸汽热力系统的特殊性，即汽轮机热力系统没有...     

余热锅炉蒸汽压力参数的优化匹配及补燃对热效率的影响

研究了联合循环条件下双压无再热非补燃和补燃式余热锅炉的当量效率、蒸汽轮机循环有效效率和联合循环热效率之间的优化匹配关系,由此来进行蒸汽高低压力参数选择与机组的优化匹配,确定了最佳参数。并在此基础上阐述了余热锅炉补燃对联合循环热效率的影响。     

燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组给水泵驱动改造及节能分析

本文提出了一种燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组给水泵改造方案,并建立了热效率计算模型。以某典型燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组在不同负荷下(60%～100%负荷)的运行参数为例,经计算分析得出:采用小汽轮机驱动给水泵的方式较电动机驱动每年可节约运行成本21. 4～36. 2万元,全厂热效率也有所提高,具有显著的经济效益。     

胜利油田孤北电厂一期工程竣工

1987年胜利油田从英国JBE公司引进了一套燃气—蒸汽联合循环发电设备。整套装置由2台英国JBE公司生产的MS6001B型燃气轮机、2台荷兰SLF公司生产的余热锅炉、1台西门子公司生产的汽轮机和3台BRUSH公司生产的发电机等主要设备组成,由JBE公司总承包。 这套发电设备以天然气为燃料,联合循环电站总的输出功率为10.718万kW,热效率可达45.14％。第一期工程为简单循环电站,其输出功率为2×3.718万kW,热效率     

燃气轮机温度匹配功能在热应力控制的汽轮机应用

在燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组中,燃气轮机在不同工况下的排烟温度不同,使得整个燃气轮机联合循环 机组启动过程主蒸汽温度波动频繁,从而引起汽轮机启动过程中各金属部件温差增大,热应力和热变形也随 着增加。GE公司的6503燃气轮机的温度匹配功能和汽轮机热应力计算监控模块相结合,可以通过实时控 制主蒸汽温度实现对汽轮机转子热应力的有效监视和控制,减少设备损坏。     

燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组冷态启动特性

为获得燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组冷态启动特性,研究了西门子SGT5-4000F(4)联合循环发电机组冷态启动过程中燃气轮机和汽轮机系统相关参数的变化规律,结果表明:在燃气轮机启动过程中,值班气扩散燃烧是产生NOx的主要因素;汽轮机启动过程中,当汽轮机并网运行后,蒸汽温度、压力和流量均大幅度增加。另外提出了冷态启动的优化建议,并对比分析了简单循环和联合循环的经济性指数,为同类型机组冷态启动提供参考。     

9FA型燃气轮机联合循环性能研究

1引言西气东输工程促进了沿线燃气轮机联合循环电厂的建设,减轻了中东部地区的环境排放压力。燃气轮机联合循环发电系统高效低污染、启停迅速、调峰能力强。西气东输管道沿线有25台F级燃气轮机联合循环机组,其中GE公司9FA型燃气轮机联合循环发电机组13台。如何保证系统的稳定安     

Perspectives for the direct firing of biomass as a supplementary fuel in combined cycle power plants

An analysis of the performance of a gas turbine–steam turbine combined cycle with supplementary firing has been carried out. Natural gas is fired in the main combustor of the cycle, whereas biomass fuel is considered as the supplementary fuel. Although, supplementary firing is found to reduce the overall cycle efficiency, the low cost of biomass and the CO₂‐neutral attribute of its combustion reduce the specific fuel cost and specific CO₂ emission. The effects of pressure and temperature ratios of the topping cycle and main steam conditions of the bottoming cycle on the performance parameters of the combined cycle have been studied at different degrees of supplementary firing. The topping cycle temperature ratio is found to be the most critical parameter and its low value gives substantial advantages in lowering the fuel cost and CO₂ emission. Marginal advantages are also achieved at higher pressure ratio and better bottoming cycle main steam conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

增压部分气化燃煤联合循环(PPG-CC) 发电系统热力性能分析

部分气化燃煤联合循环发电系统是目前具有发展前景的洁净煤发电技术之一。本文提出了将空气和蒸汽先经过高温预热再送入气化炉的部分气化联合循环系统新方案，对该方案进行了热力性能计算，并与常规的不预热空气／蒸汽的部分气化联合循环系统热力性能进行了分析比较。计算结果说明了高温预热空气／蒸汽的部分气化联合循环系统有利于提高煤气热值和循环系统效率，对于劣质煤以及生物质气化生成较高热值煤气也具有重要意义。     

Modeling of natural gas fueled quadruple cycle for power applications

Performance improvement being a major need of the power sector aims at increasing efficiency, lowering air pollutants and ultimately cost. This paper explores a quadruple cycle, a hybrid of solid oxide fuel cell integrated with gas turbine, steam turbine and organic Rankine cycle totaling four cycles (SOFC-GT-ST-ORC), fueled primarily by natural gas for stationary power generation. A mathematical model of the configuration of the quadruple cycle is developed and the performance investigated through a parametric study of the thermodynamic components. The power output, efficiency and other results were validated with those found in literature. The quadruple cycle produced an efficiency of 66.1% with 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, R134a as the organic working fluid. This efficiency exceeded the performance of traditional thermodynamic cycles like single steam cycle, combined and triple cycle at similar operating conditions. Lastly, the quadruple cycle presents a potential for optimization with waste heat recovery.     

Thermoenvironomic evaluation of simple,intercooled, STIG,and ISTIG cycles

Low‐technology cycle modifications available for improving gas turbine performance are still largely unexploited. Among those proven modifications, steam injection is found to be the most effective in boosting both the output capacity and thermal efficiency while reducing NO_x emissions. It further improves part load performance under varying ambient conditions. Intercooling is another low‐technology modification which can improve performance of simple and steam injected gas turbine cycles. Because of the uncertainties relating to an efficiency comparison of steam injected and simple cycle designs, the decision as to whether it is worthwhile to give more emphasis to steam injected cycles should be made on grounds other than efficiency alone. Therefore, this study comparatively evaluates simple, intercooled, steam injected (STIG), and intercooled steam injected (ISTIG) gas turbine cycles from the points of efficiency, network output, economics, and pollutant emissions using an advanced validated thermoenvironomic model. Optimum cycle parameters are investigated. Economic feasibility of steam injection and intercooling on simple and intercooled cycles are evaluated using an updated plant cost data. Total and environmental costs as well as profit of the plant owner are estimated for varying fuel costs and varying cycle parameters such as pressure, steam injection, and equivalence ratio. Results of our analysis based on the characteristic cycle parameters show that network output increases up to 22.2% and 14% respectively, when steam injection is implemented on simple and intercooled gas turbine cycles which correspond to up to 6.7% and 4.4% decrease in specific fuel consumption. Steam injection decreases NO_x emissions of simple and intercooled cycles up to 67.2% and 65.2% respectively, and provides up to approximately 126.3% increase in net profit of intercooled cycle at the expense of an increase in total cost by 3.3%.     

Energy and exergy analyses of a CFB‐based indirectly fired combined cycle power generation system

Combined cycle configuration has the ability to use the waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust gas using the heat recovery steam generator for the bottoming steam cycle. In the current study, a natural gas‐fired combined cycle with indirectly fired heating for additional work output is investigated for configurations with and without reheat combustor (RHC) in the gas turbine. The mass flow rate of coal for the indirect‐firing mode in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustor is estimated based on fixed natural gas input for the gas turbine combustion chamber (GTCC). The effects of pressure ratio, gas turbine inlet temperature, inlet temperatures to the air compressor and to the GTCC on the overall cycle performance of the combined cycle configuration are analysed. The combined cycle efficiency increases with pressure ratio up to the optimum value. Both efficiency and net work output for the combined cycle increase with gas turbine inlet temperature. The efficiency decreases with increase in the air compressor inlet temperature. The indirect firing of coal shows reduced use with increase in the turbine inlet temperature due to increase in the use of natural gas. There is little variation in the efficiency with increase in GTCC inlet temperature resulting in increased use of coal. The combined cycle having the two‐stage gas turbine with RHC has significantly higher efficiency and net work output compared with the cycle without RHC. The exergetic efficiency also increases with increase in the gas turbine inlet temperature. The exergy destruction is highest for the CFB combustor followed by the GTCC. The analyses show that the indirectly fired mode of the combined cycle offers better performance and opportunities for additional net work output by using solid fuels (coal in this case). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improvement of part load efficiency of a combined cycle power plant provisioning ancillary services

According to the type of ancillary service provisioned, operation mode of a power plant may change to part load operation. In this contribution, part load operation is understood as delivering a lower power output than possible at given ambient temperature because of gas turbine power output control. If it is economically justified, a power plant may operate in the part load mode for longer time. Part load performance of a newly built 80 MW combined cycle in Slovakia was studied in order to assess the possibilities for fuel savings. Based on online monitoring data three possibilities were identified: condensate preheating by activation of the currently idle hot water section; change in steam condensing pressure regulation strategy; and the most important gas turbine inlet air preheating. It may seem to be in contradiction with the well proven concept of gas turbine inlet air cooling, which has however been developed for boosting the gas turbine cycles in full load operation. On the contrary, in a combined cycle in the part load operation mode, elevated inlet air temperature does not affect the part load operation of gas turbines but it causes more high pressure steam to be raised in HRSG, which leads to higher steam turbine power output. As a result, less fuel needs to be combusted in gas turbines in order to achieve the requested combined cycle’s power output. By simultaneous application of all three proposals, more than a 2% decrease in the power plant’s natural gas consumption can be achieved with only minor capital expenses needed.     

Comparative studies of augmentation in combined cycle power plants

The attractive features of a combined cycle (CC) power plant are fuel flexibility, operational flexibility, higher efficiency and low emissions. The performance of five gas turbine‐steam turbine (GT‐ST) combined cycle power plants (four natural gas based plants and one biomass based plant) have been studied and the degree of augmentation has been compared. They are (i) combined cycle with natural gas (CC‐NG), (ii) combined cycle with water injection (CC‐WI), (iii) combined cycle with steam injection (CC‐SI), (iv) combined cycle with supplementary firing (CC‐SF) and (v) combined cycle with biomass gasification (CC‐BM). The plant performance and CO₂ emissions are compared with a change in compressor pressure ratio and gas turbine inlet temperature (GTIT). The optimum pressure ratio for compressor is selected from maximum efficiency condition. The specific power, thermal efficiency and CO₂ emissions of augmented power plants are compared with the CC‐NG power plant at the individual optimized pressure ratios in place of a common pressure ratio. The results show that the optimum pressure ratio is increased with water injection, steam injection, supplementary firing and biomass gasification. The specific power is increased in all the plants with a loss in thermal efficiency and rise in CO₂ emissions compared to CC‐NG plant. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative performance analysis of cogeneration gas turbine cycle for different blade cooling means

The paper compares the thermodynamic performance of MS9001 gas turbine based cogeneration cycle having a two-pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) for different blade cooling means. The HRSG has a steam drum generating steam to meet coolant requirement, and a second steam drum generates steam for process heating. Gas turbine stage cooling uses open loop cooling or closed loop cooling schemes. Internal convection cooling, film cooling and transpiration cooling techniques employing steam or air as coolants are considered for the performance evaluation of the cycle. Cogeneration cycle performance is evaluated using coolant flow requirements, plant specific work, fuel utilisation efficiency, power-to-heat-ratio, which are function of compressor pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature, and process steam drum pressure. The maximum and minimum values of power-to-heat ratio are found with steam internal convection cooling and air internal convection cooling respectively whereas maximum and minimum values of fuel utilisation efficiency are found with steam internal convection cooling and closed loop steam cooling. The analysis is useful for power plant designers to select the optimum compressor pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, fuel utilisation efficiency, power-to-heat ratio, and appropriate cooling means for a specified value of plant specific work and process heating requirement.