强化瓷和高强度日用瓷

解释了强化瓷，并从制作工艺上指出了强化瓷与高强度日用瓷的区别。把机械强度高的骨灰瓷和滑石质日用瓷列为高强度日用瓷。简要叙述了高铝强化瓷和高硅强化瓷的制造工艺，简要说明了骨灰瓷和日用滑石瓷机械强度高的原因。     

强化瓷和高强度日用瓷

解释了强化瓷，并从制作工艺上指出了强化瓷与高强度日用瓷的区别，把机械强度高的骨灰瓷和滑石质日用瓷列为高强度日用瓷，简要叙述了高铝强化恣和高硅强化瓷的制造工艺。简要说明了骨灰瓷和日用滑石瓷机械强度高的原因。     

氧化铝瓷高温釉的研制

在釉料中引入熔融石英来代替普通石英以增强坯釉结合性能,并确定了铝硅比及碱土金属氧化物在碱性氧化物中的比例.在1420℃下,获得了与氧化铝瓷相适应且釉面质量良好的高温釉料.     

稀土在高铝瓷中的应用研究

研究了不同稀土对高铝瓷烧结性能及瓷质性能的影响,结果表明Ｙ２Ｏ３及富钇混合稀土氧化物能显著降低高铝瓷的烧结温度,使瓷质增韧,提高耐磨性,而且其效果与制备稀土氧化物的母盐有关,合适的稀土氧化物加人量为０．３％～０．７％,过少和过多的加入对瓷质性能无益。     

稀土在高铝瓷中的应用研究

研究了不同稀土对高铝瓷烧结性能及瓷质性能的影响，结果表明Ｙ２Ｏ３及富钇混合稀土氧化能显著降低高铝瓷的烧结温度，使瓷质增韧，提高耐磨性，而且其效果与制备稀土氧的母直胃关，合适的稀土氧化物加入量为０．３％－０．７％，过少和过多的加入对瓷质性能无益。     

高铝瓷的可塑成形

本文研究了全瘠性料高铝瓷的可塑成形。通过坯料可塑性和干燥性能的测定，对有机粘结剂进行了筛选。复合有机添加剂可以赋予高铝瓷坯足够的塑性和干燥强度。因为有机添加物的灰份接近于零，用它们增塑时，不会影响高铝瓷烧结后的结构与性质。     

少量滑石对高铝瓷烧结性质和力学性能的影响

本文研究了少量滑石对高铝瓷烧结性质和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加适量滑石可使高铝瓷强度达到最大值,并与气孔率最小值相对应。其强度与液相中的镁铝尖晶石量有关。添加较多滑石则可以使Al_2O_3颗粒的分布更均匀。     

减少炭沉积的蒸汽转化用催化剂

为了提高催化剂的稳定性,可利用碱土金属氧化物为添加剂[Nitrogen,1973,№ 84 35～36],或以钌/碱土金属氧化物代替加碱的镍(英国专利1,301,836),最近,法国鲁恩——普洛吉耳公司提出用特殊方法从元素镍和氧化镍、氧化镁和高铝水泥制得的催化剂。先将氧化镍和氧化镁或会分解形成这些物料的混合物在800～1300℃之间的任何温度下煅烧、研磨得固溶体,然后与铝酸钙一类高铝水泥混合,混     

对“镁质强化瓷的研制”的几点看法

《山东陶瓷》一九九四年第一期发表了“镁质强化瓷的研制”，对文章中的观点不能苟同。在试论什么叫强化瓷之后，谈了自己不同的看法，浅析镁质瓷机械强度高的机理。     

莫来石的形成

莫来石是瓷器显微结构之一,是构成瓷器机械强度的主要因素。莫来石瓷具有良好的电性能,抵抗强酸、碱、盐侵蚀的能力,线膨胀很小,因此有助于瓷坯稳定性的提高。因此莫来石瓷可做为高频装配瓷,化学瓷,热电偶瓷等。莫来石是硅铝酸盐耐火材料的主要矿物组成,莫来石质高铝耐火材料制品中莫来石     

稀土氧化物对钛酸铝陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响

研究了添加稀土氧化物Y2O3和Y2O3+Nd2O3对钛酸铝陶瓷的烧结温度、力学性能和显微结构的影响.结果表明,添加1%的稀土氧化物可以降低钛酸铝陶瓷的烧结温度,改善其显微结构,提高其力学性能,尤其是添加1%的复合稀土氧化物(Y2O3+Nd2O3)后,钛酸铝陶瓷的抗折强度和断裂韧性是未添加的试样的1.96倍和1.82倍.其性能提高的主要原因是由于稀土元素的细晶强化、净化界面、固溶强化、自增韧补强等作用.     

Ce-Y(Ca)-TZP陶瓷及Ce-TZP/Al2O3复相陶瓷的研究与应用进展

氧化铈稳定的四方氧化锆多晶陶瓷(Ce-TZP)具有良好的抗低温老化性和很高的断裂韧性(K_IC>20 MPa·m^1/2),但是弯曲强度较低(500 MPa左右)。如何在保留Ce-TZP陶瓷的抗低温老化性和高断裂韧性的同时,提高其强度,是本领域研究人员共同关心的问题。大量研究表明,通过添加其他固溶离子(如Y³⁺)达到共稳定效果和引入第二相(如Al₂O₃)获得细晶Ce-TZP基的复相陶瓷,可以显著提高材料的断裂强度,综合改善其力学性能。本文对CeO₂与其他氧化物共稳定的ZrO₂陶瓷及Ce-TZP/Al₂O₃复相陶瓷的研究进展进行了综述,并以义齿种植和增材制造为例介绍了其应用现状。     

(Y,Ce)-ZrO2增韧92Al2O3陶瓷的研究

采用自制均匀分散的(1.5Y,4Ce)-ZrO2微粉,通过适当工艺和92Al2O3复合,提高了92Al2O3陶瓷的韧性和强度.最后采用X-射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析研究了该样品的机械性能与烧成制度、相组成及微观结构的关系.结果表明:92Al2O3陶瓷性能的提高归因于ZrO2的应力诱导相变增韧,并且当(1.5Y,4Ce)-ZrO2微粉的加入量为20%(质量分数)时,试样在1550℃烧成时,材料的抗弯强度、断裂韧性以及硬度得到了很好的改善.     

利用高铝矾土研制低温耐磨氧化铝瓷

着重介绍了以高铝矾土为主要原料的85瓷的合理配方和所采用的生产工艺，并对吸水率、体积密度、耐磨性、显微硬度、抗折强度和断裂韧性等物理性能进行了测试。还探讨了低温烧成机理、提高耐磨性的途径。结合显微结构分析了生产工艺对产品性能的影响。     

Effects of carbon nanofiller functionalization and distribution on interlaminar fracture toughness of multi-scale reinforced polymer composites

Carbon nanofillers with different surface functional groups and aspect ratios, including carboxyl carbon nanotubes, un-functionalized carbon nanofibers (CNFs), glycidyloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane carbon nanotubes (GPS-CNTs) and nanofibers were evaluated for their potential for increasing the interlaminar fracture toughness of an S2-glass fiber/epoxy composite. The fillers were added in the matrix of the fiber reinforced plies, in the resin interlayer between plies, or in both regions. Comparisons were made based on mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness. For composites made with CNTs dispersed in the matrix, fracture toughness was largely unaffected except for a slight increase seen with long GPS-CNTs. However, adding a CNF or CNT modified resin interlayer significantly increased the fracture toughness, with the highest improvement over the baseline material achieved by adding long GPS-CNTs in the interlayer (79% and 91% for mode I and mode II onset toughness, respectively). Important material parameters identified for improving interlaminar fracture toughness are the nanofiller aspect ratio and concentration at the fracture plane. Based on microscopic evaluations of the fracture surfaces, a high density of high aspect ratio nanofillers causes the best entanglement between the filler and glass fibers and effectively obstructs interlaminar crack propagation.     

Porous mullite ceramics with enhanced compressive strength from fly ash-based ceramic microspheres: Facile synthesis,structure, and performance

Porous mullite ceramics are widely used in heat insulation owing to their high temperature and corrosion resistant properties. Reducing the thermal conductivity by increasing porosity, while ensuring a high compressive strength, is vital for the synthesis of high-strength and lightweight porous mullite ceramics. In this study, ceramic microspheres are initially prepared from pre-treated high-alumina fly ash by spray drying, and then used to successfully prepare porous mullite ceramics with enhanced compressive strength via a simple direct stacking and sintering approach. The influence of sintering temperature and time on the microstructure and properties of porous mullite ceramics was evaluated, and the corresponding formation mechanism was elucidated. Results show that the porous mullite ceramics, calcined at 1550 °C for 3 h, possess a porosity of 47%, compressive strength of 31.4 MPa, and thermal conductivity of 0.775 W/(m?K) (at 25 °C), similar to mullite ceramics prepared from pure raw materials. The uniform pore size distribution and sintered neck between the microspheres contribute to the high compressive strength of mullite ceramics, while maintaining high porosity.     

冰刀用高强韧Si3N4陶瓷的制备与性能研究

以α-Si₃N₄粉为原料,MgO-La₂O₃-Lu₂O₃为三元复合烧结助剂,采用气压烧结工艺制备Si₃N₄陶瓷条,研究烧结助剂及添加β-Si₃N₄增强相对Si₃N₄陶瓷微观结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,三元复合烧结助剂促进了烧结的致密化,提高了材料的力学性能,在最高烧结温度1 750 ℃、复合烧结助剂添加量8%(质量分数)时,得到密度为3.172 8 g/cm³、维氏硬度达到15.85 GPa、断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为9.69 MPa·m^1/2和1 029 MPa的冰刀用Si₃N₄陶瓷。添加β-Si₃N₄材料的断裂韧性得到提高,最高达到10.33 MPa·m^1/2。Si₃N₄陶瓷本身的高硬度与加入的稀土氧化物使得所制备冰刀的硬度与润滑性能得到提高,表面性能优良。     

Temperature–Time–Mechanical Properties of Glass–Ceramics Produced from Coal Fly Ash

Physical and mechanical properties of glass–ceramics fabricated from thermal power plant fly ash were analyzed and compared with suggest a temperature–time–mechanical (T–T–M) diagram. Coal fly ash with SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO–CaO as major components and TiO₂ as a nuclear agent were used to develop glass–ceramic materials which were heat treated at 900°–1050°C for 0.5–4 h for crystallization. It was verified that the high aspect ratio of unknown crystallines in the microstructure contributed high hardness, strength, fracture toughness, and wear resistance. These results are correlated with heat treatment conditions and microstructure and a T–T–M properties (hardness, strength, elastic constant, toughness, and wear rate) diagram on glass–ceramics produced from coal fly ash is proposed.     

In Situ Generation of Strong Bases from Alkaline and Alkaline–Earth Carbonates

Strong bases from alkaline and alkaline-earth metal carbonates were generated in situ by adding a small amount of acetic acid at reflux in toluene under water-free conditions. Their basic strength reached superbasicity thus changing the color of 4-chloroaniline (H₋=26.5). The high conversion of ethyl acetate in its self-condensation over decomposed carbonates, which require strong basicity to abstract protons from ethyl acetate (pK_a=25), also confirmed the formation of strong bases. Adding acetic acid during the reaction indicated that metal oxides—decomposed materials from carbonates—were responsible for their high catalytic activity. The lack of sufficient coordination of in situ generated metal oxides was considered to be a plausible cause for their strong basicity.