股骨大转子延长截骨在假体稳定股骨柄翻修中的应用

目的 评估大转子延长截骨在股骨假体固定稳定型全髋关节翻修术中应用的中期临床效果.方法 1998年1月至2005年6月对27例患者(27髋)采用大转子延长截骨对股骨柄和(或)骨水泥壳固定稳定的全髋关节翻修.临床随访评估包括Harris评分和WOMAC评分,术前Harris评分平均42.7分,WOMAC评分平均55.6分;影像学评估包括术后拍摄X线片,对比观察截骨块愈合时间、是否存在截骨延迟愈合或不愈合,截骨块是否发生移位以及假体是否下沉等.结果 共19例患者(19髋)获得随访,平均随访时间5.3年.无一例发生术中或术后骨折.术后Harris评分平均87.3分,WOMAC评分平均46.3分.所有患者大转子截骨块均于术后6个月内愈合.无股骨大转子截骨块向近端移位,3例发生股骨柄下沉,平均下沉3.4 mm,无钢丝断裂.结论 对于假体固定稳定型股骨柄翻修,采用股骨大转子延长截骨有利于手术操作和翻修假体的植入和固定,有利于截骨块的愈合,降低术中、术后并发症发生率,中期疗效显著.     

大转子延长截骨在股骨柄翻修术中的应用

目的 报道大转子延长截骨在股骨柄翻修术中的应用及其疗效。方法 从 1998年 1月～ 2000年 1月,采用大转子延长截骨术取出股骨柄、骨水泥,行翻修术 11例。男 7例,女 4例。年龄 53～ 69岁,平均 65.4岁。翻修原因 :股骨柄断裂 2例,人工股骨头置换术后髋臼骨关节炎 8例,假体位置异常 1例。结果 11例患者术后第 2 d均在助行器辅助下下床行走,术后 3个月大转子延长截骨处临床愈合后,改扶单拐行走, 6个月后弃拐行走。术后随访 6～ 30个月,大转子延长截骨处骨性愈合, Harris评分平均为 89.6分。结论 大转子延长截骨术多用于翻修术中取出固定牢固的骨水泥或非骨水泥假体柄。其适应证包括 :(1)股骨柄近端断裂,远端仍牢固固定者; (2)人工股骨头置换术后发生髋臼骨关节炎伴髋关节强直,股骨柄固定牢固,需行全髋翻修者; (3)股骨柄安放位置错误,但骨水泥固定良好者; (4)不伴有假体松动的早期严重感染需行翻修者。该方法显露充分,术后恢复快,是一种较好的股骨柄固定牢固的翻修方法。主要并发症有截骨处不愈合、移位及截骨片骨折。     

扩展型转子截骨技术在骨水泥型股骨柄翻修中的临床应用

目的探讨扩展型转子截骨技术在较困难的骨水泥型股骨柄翻修手术中的作用和临床效果。方法2002年2月至2006年5月采用扩展型转子截骨翻修股骨侧假体12例，应用扩展型转子截骨技术取出所有骨水泥和假体柄，重新植入翻修用假体柄，以多道金属线缆环扎固定。其中1例选择的是骨水泥股骨假体，11例是非骨水泥股骨假体。结果所有患者均获得随访，时间16～24个月，术后6个月所有截骨处均愈合，无大转子移位。Harris评分由术前平均（48．4±7．5）分上升至术后平均（89．3±8．1）分（为术后1年的评分），假体无松动、下沉、假体周围未见骨吸收、骨溶解。结论扩展型转子截骨对骨水泥取出困难的股骨侧翻修术具有骨水泥取除彻底，安全可靠，手术时间短，并发症少的优点。     

股骨转子下截骨在CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换中的应用

目的 探讨股骨转子下横行短缩截骨在Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换中的作用.方法 2001年2月至2007年2月对12例Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良患者行股骨转子下横行短缩截骨的全髋关节置换.男3例,女9例;年龄45～65岁,平均54岁.左髋5例,右髋6例,双髋1例.术前患肢短缩1.8～5.0cm,平均3.5 cm.4例中度跛行,8例重度跛行.于术后3、6、12个月,以后每年随访一次.摄X线片观察截骨愈合、假体下沉及松动情况.观察患者跛行情况,髋关节功能评价采用Harris评分.结果 全部患者随访2～7年,平均3.0年.截骨长度1.5～4.2 cm,平均2.2 cm.无坐骨神经损伤.截骨均愈合,愈合时间3～15个月,平均5.3个月.末次随访时3例轻度跛行,4例中度跛行,无重度跛行患者.髋关节Harris评分从术前平均36分(30～60分)提高到末次随访平均83分(75～95分).2髋分别于术后5年和7年发生股骨假体下沉,下沉高度分别为3 mm和6 mm.无假体松动及术后感染.结论 对Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良患者实施全髋关节置换术时行转子下横行短缩截骨,为真臼的暴露、臼杯的准确安装、增加股骨假体柄直径、矫正股骨假体柄前倾角创造了条件,可避免神经损伤.     

股骨近端粗隆间后侧纵形截骨法在全髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的 探讨股骨近端粗隆间后侧纵形截骨在全髋翻修术中应用的初步经验.方法 2005年9月至2009年12月对35例患者应用股骨近端粗隆间后侧纵形截骨法取出股骨侧假体,截骨长度约11～14 cm,宽约1 cm.翻修假体为生物固定型组合式翻修假体,腔隙性骨缺损采用了颗粒异体骨植骨,钢丝环扎固定复位截骨块.对手术前、后Harris评分、肢体长度以及影像学改变进行评估.术前Harris评分平均30分(19～40分),其中疼痛评分平均12分(10～20分).结果 35例患者术后平均随访15个月(5～55个月).术后Harris评分平均85分(80～92分),其中疼痛评分平均40分(30～44分).股骨截骨处及植骨均愈合,平均愈合时间约20周(10～32周).未发生钢丝滑脱、感染、脱位、假体松动等并发症.结论 短期随访表明,股骨近端粗隆间后侧纵形截骨法有利于股骨假体的显露和取出,便于髓腔清理以及股骨侧重建,在全髋翻修术中是一种操作相对容易、有效町靠的方法.     

非骨水泥长柄假体结合同种异体颗粒骨植骨在股骨翻修骨缺损重建中的应用

目的 回顾性分析股骨髓内同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合非骨水泥长柄假体在髋关节翻修术中股骨侧骨缺损修复应用的近期临床效果.方法 2003年7月至2009年6月对27例股骨侧骨缺损患者采用同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨,其中男性15例,女性12例,年龄47～78岁,平均67岁.失败原因:骨溶解、无菌性松动20例,全髋关节置换术后假体周围感染二期翻修7例.按Paprosky分型标准,Ⅱ型骨缺损3例,Ⅲ型骨缺损2l例,Ⅳ型骨缺损3例.术中均采用同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨、非骨水泥翻修柄植入.定期随访复查,包括临床、影像学评估,观察假体有无松动、下沉,植入骨活化替代情况以及假体周围骨折等并发症.Harris评分术前平均43分(37～62分).结果 23例患者获得随访,随访时间3～47个月,平均26.4个月.术后末次随访时.Harris评分平均83分(67～97分).术中2例发生股骨大转子骨折,无一例发生术后假体周围骨折等并发症.1例术后发生关节脱位,1例发生深静脉血栓,1例术后2周发生急性感染,经扩创、置管冲洗、抗感染治疗成功保留假体;发生异位骨化1例,Brooker Ⅰ级.影像学所有患者股骨柄中置,无内翻或外翻,随访期内无一例发生股骨柄移位(内翻或外翻角度变化>3°).23例患者显示至少Ⅰ区股骨髓内移植骨与周围骨或与股骨柄整合.4例发生股骨柄假体下沉,平均下沉3.3 mm(2～6 mm).结论 股骨侧翻修中,良好的股骨髓内同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合合适的非骨水泥延长柄股骨假体,可以修复关节置换术后各种原因所导致股骨骨缺损、重建股骨完整性,具有很好的近期临床疗效.但中远期临床效果尚待进一步观察.     

Wagner cone股骨柄联合转子下横形截骨的全髋关节置换术治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良

目的分析Wagner cone股骨柄联合转子下横形截骨的全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者的临床结果和并发症。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2015年12月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院关节外科,应用Wagner cone股骨柄联合转子下横形截骨的全髋关节置换术治疗51例(67髋)CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者,其中男7例,女44例;年龄16～65岁,平均年龄40岁;双髋患者16例,单髋患者35例。应用Harris髋关节评分评价患者临床功能恢复情况,根据骨盆X线片、双下肢全长片评价假体位置、截骨处愈合情况、有无骨溶解、假体下沉等。结果患者随访时间24～108个月,平均随访时间54个月。患者Harris髋关节评分由术前平均37.5分(30～55分)增至术后平均85.8分(78～96分),手术前后Harris髋关节评分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前肢体长度差异平均3.8cm(0～8cm),术中截骨长度平均3.1cm(1.5～6.5cm),术后肢体长度差异平均0.8cm(0～1.5cm)。术中骨折3例(3髋),截骨处未愈合1例(2髋),术后脱位5例,无感染、神经损伤和假体松动、下沉。结论 Wagner Cone股骨柄联合转子下横形截骨的全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良患者,临床疗效满意,术后并发症少,可有效平衡双下肢长度,简化手术的复杂性,值得临床推广使用。     

髓内打压植骨结合广泛多孔涂层长柄假体在股骨侧严重骨缺损（PaproskymA型）翻修术中的应用

目的 探讨股骨侧严重骨缺损（Paprosky ⅢA型）翻修中应用髓内打压植骨结合广泛多孔涂层长柄假体的临床疗效.方法 2006年3月～2010年9月,对38例（38髋）Paprosky ⅢA型股骨骨缺损患者行翻修重建,其中男24例,女14例,平均年龄62岁.翻修原因：骨溶解、无菌性松动29例,全髋关节置换术（THA）术后感染二期翻修6例,假体周围骨折3例（Vancouver B3型）.股骨侧干骺端骨缺损采用同种异体颗粒骨髓腔内打压植骨进行修复,股骨柄采用全涂层长柄假体（7～10英寸）.术后定期随访,髋关节功能评价采用Harris评分,影像学采用X线片及CT观察：假体柄有无松动下沉、股骨近端应力遮挡情况、植入的异体颗粒骨与宿主骨整合情况.结果 38例均获得随访,平均随访53.4个月（23～62个月）,Harris评分由术前平均42分（32～47分）,提高至末次随访时平均86分（69～95分）.无患者发生脱位、假体周围骨折.1例术后感染,行再次二期翻修;1例假体柄在术后6个月内下沉4.24 cm,再次翻修时选择更粗的假体柄,末次随访时假体柄稳定;其余所有患者假体柄均牢固固定.3例出现轻-中度应力遮挡.15例近端皮质骨密度及厚度有增加,厚度平均增加约1.8 mm（0.7～3.5 mm）,植入骨与宿主骨逐渐整合并增加了骨缺损区的骨质储备.结论严重骨缺损（Paprosky ⅢA型）的股骨翻修中,采用髓内颗粒骨打压植骨可以很好的修复股骨中上段骨缺损,重建股骨干骺端.依靠广泛多孔涂层长柄假体在远端的牢固压配固定,结合股骨干骺端髓内紧密打压植骨,使假体柄在股骨中上段及远端均能获得较好的初始稳定性,近期临床和影像学结果满意,远期疗效有待观察.     

大粗隆延长截骨在髋关节翻修手术中的运用

[目的]探讨大粗隆延长截骨在髋关节翻修手术中的实际应用及疗效.[方法]对2003～2008年13例接受髋关节翻修手术中进行大粗隆延长截骨的患者进行随访,共13髋,平均随访32.3个月.对患者翻修原因、术前术后Harris评分、截骨长度、截骨愈合时间等进行分析.[结果]13例患者中术前Harris评分平均38分(24～68分),术后Harris评分为77分(57～100分),平均提高39分.平均截骨长度从大粗隆顶点至截骨远端为12.4 cm(9～15.1 cm).11例患者在术后3个月时截骨端愈合,2例患者在6个月随访时截骨端愈合.[结论]大粗隆延长截骨在髋翻修手术中可以帮助充分暴露术野,取出固定良好的骨水泥和非骨水泥股骨柄,同时截骨愈合良好.     

髋关节置换术后骨水泥股骨假体断裂原因分析及处理

目的 探讨骨水泥股骨假体断裂的原因和处理方法.方法 自2003年3月至2009年3月,共收治8例国产骨水泥股骨假体断裂患者,男6例,女2例.断裂距初次关节置换手术时间为36～98个月,平均72个月;体重60～88 kg,平均75 kg.均无明确外伤史.分析断裂前、后X线片,观察原假体安放位置、断裂部位、骨水泥固定情况及有无假体周围骨折;对术中假体表面骨水泥覆盖情况及断裂假体取出要点进行同顾性分析.5例行股骨假体翻修手术,采用生物碰股骨假体同定.3例转诊.翻修术后3个月、6个月、1年定期复查,行X线及Harris评估.结果 4例初次置换假体内翻,1例外翻;5例假体偏小.断裂均位于假体中点至中、远1/3交界处,远端崮定牢固.4例断裂前X线片可见近端假体周围细透光线,1例假体周围骨折.近端假体取出容易,远端假体取出困难.4例行股骨开窗,1例行转子延展截骨.翻修病例随访12～80个月,平均48个月.开窗或截骨部化平均愈合时间3.5个月.无假体松动、下沉及感染.末次随访时Harris评分85～97分,平均92分.结论 骨水泥股骨假体断裂可能与骨水泥假体近、远端固定质量不一致有关.对假体断裂者应及早行翻修术,术中股骨开窗安全有效.     

Revision total hip arthroplasty using a fluted and tapered modular distal fixation stem with and without extended trochanteric osteotomy

We reviewed 62 revision total hip arthroplasties performed using a fluted and tapered modular distal fixation stem after a mean follow-up of 4.2 years. An extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) was used in 32 of the 62 hips (52%), whereas no osteotomy was used in the remaining 30 hips. The mean postoperative Harris hip score among the patients was 87.3 points. The mean stem subsidence was 1.1 mm. With the exception of one reoperation for a deep infection, no femoral revision was performed because of mechanical failure. Complications included intraoperative diaphyseal split fractures (6%), cortical perforations (6%), and dislocations (5%). Postoperative Harris hip scores, femoral component stability, and overall complication rates did not differ between the group treated with an ETO and that treated without it. However, the rates of cortical perforation and marked stem subsidence (>5 mm) were significantly higher in the group treated without an ETO than those in the group treated with an ETO, but these were not significantly different when stratified by femoral bone defect. The potential advantages of this implant design could be highlighted in a clinical setting when inserted using an ETO.     

Extended trochanteric osteotomy via the direct lateral approach in revision hip arthroplasty

A review of the results of the extended trochanteric osteotomy through a modified direct lateral approach in revision total hip arthroplasty was done. We reviewed 44 patients (45 procedures) at a minimum of 2 years followup (mean, 3.8 years; range, 2.1-7.2 years). There were 26 men and 18 women with a mean age at the time of surgery of 70.8 years (range, 36.9-90.4 years). Indications for use of the trochanteric osteotomy included facilitation of cement removal (25 procedures), proximal femoral varus deformity (14 procedures), trochanteric malposition (five procedures), and previous trochanteric osteotomies with significant bony overgrowth (three procedures). The mean length of the osteotomy was 133.9 mm. The mean migration of the osteotomized fragment was 2.1 mm (range, 0-20 mm) with significantly more proximal migration seen with the use of cerclage wires when compared with cables. There were two cases of trochanteric escape, for which the patients required repeat open reduction internal fixation. There were two late fractures of the greater trochanter. One femoral component had early subsidence for which the patient required re-revision with a further extended trochanteric osteotomy. The mean time to union of the remaining 40 hips was 10.3 months (range, 6-24 months). There only was one dislocation postoperatively. The extended trochanteric osteotomy through the modified direct lateral approach in revision total hip arthroplasty is a reproducible and reliable technique with a lower dislocation rate but a higher incidence of trochanteric fracture and escape than previously described with its use in the posterior approach.     

Outcomes and Risk Factors of Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy in Aseptic Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

BackgroundAlthough extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) is an effective technique for femoral stem removal and for the concomitant management of proximal femoral deformities, complications including persistent pain, trochanteric nonunion, and painful hardware can occur.MethodsThe US National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE) and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried for publications utilizing the following keywords: “extended” AND “trochanteric” AND “osteotomy.”ResultsNineteen articles were included in the present study with 1478 ETOs. The mean overall union rate of the ETO was 93.1% (1377 of 1478 cases), while the overall rate of radiographic femoral stem subsidence >5 mm was 7.1% (25 of 350 cases). ETO union rates and femoral stem subsidence rates were similar between patients with periprosthetic fractures treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) revision and ETO and patients treated with THA revision and ETO for reasons other than fractures. There was limited evidence that prior femoral cementation and older age might negatively influence ETO union rates.ConclusionThere was moderate quality evidence to show that the use of ETO in aseptic patients undergoing single-stage revision THA is safe and effective, with a 7% rate of ETO nonunion and subsidence >5 mm in 7%. ETO can be safely used in cases with periprosthetic fractures in which stem fixation is jeopardized and a reimplantation is required. A well-conducted ETO should be preferred in selective THA revision cases to prevent intraoperative femoral fractures which are associated with deteriorated clinical outcomes. The use of trochanteric plate with cables should be considered as the first choice for ETO fixation.     

钢丝环扎治疗MalloryⅠ、Ⅱ型人工全髋关节置换术中股骨近端劈裂骨折

背景：在人工全髋关节置换术中,为获得股骨假体更紧密的压配固定,常可导致股骨近端的纵行劈裂骨折。目的：探讨使用钢丝环扎处理人工全髋关节置换术中股骨近端劈裂骨折的短期临床及放射学结果。方法：本文对2009年5月至2011年5月23例全髋关节置换术中使用锥形非骨水泥股骨柄导致的术中股骨近端劈裂骨折进行回顾分析。其中男10例、女13例,平均年龄48．5岁。所有患者的骨折均使用钢丝环扎固定。同时,随机抽取2009～2011年使用相同股骨假体行髋关节置换的86例患者（110髋）作为对照。随访并分别记录两组病例术后6个月、1年、2年时的Harris评分,以及正位x线片股骨假体下沉距离。结果：两组患者术后6个月、1年、2年时Harris评分、股骨假体下沉距离均无明显差异。结论：使用钢丝环扎处理人工全髋关节置换术中股骨近端劈裂骨折可明显增加骨折及假体的稳定性,在2年的随访中,其临床及放射学结果良好。     

应用S-ROM全髋关节置换术治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋臼发育不良

目的总结采用粗隆下截骨和生物固定型带股骨柄模块的人工关节假体治疗CroweⅣ型髋臼发育不良伴骨关节炎的效果及经验。方法回顾从2004年2月到2009年4月对12例21髋CroweⅣ型髋臼发育不良伴骨关节炎患者治疗的详细过程及疗效,记录所有的并发症。全部采用粗隆下截骨和S-ROM生物固定型人工关节假体置换术进行治疗。髋臼杯假体均植入真臼位置,7例13髋采用自体股骨头于髋臼外上方作结构性植骨,均作了粗隆下缩短截骨术,平均截骨长度为39.4 mm(35~50 mm)。结果平均随访30.8个月(6~62个月)。髋关节Harris评分明显改善(t=24.862,P0.01),从术前的平均(38.2±6.4)分(28~48分)到术后平均(82.1±8.6)分(62~94分)。术后肢体均得到不同程度的延长(t=12.099,P0.01),平均(33.5±12.7)mm(11~65 mm)。术前所有患者均有明显跛行,术后4例有轻度跛行,2例仍需扶双拐行走。19髋股骨截骨处愈合良好,2髋截骨处延迟愈合。在最后一次回访时显示髋臼假体和股骨柄假体位置均良好,无松动、下沉、断钉、骨溶解及异位骨化出现。髋关节中心平均下移了73.0 mm(46~105 mm)。结论利用S-ROM带股骨柄模块的生物固定型人工关节假体的高度适配性,加上在真臼位置加深髋臼,适当植骨,以及精确的粗隆下截骨,是治疗CroweⅣ型髋臼发育不良伴骨关节炎的良好选择。     

Is extended trochanteric osteotomy safe for use in 2-stage revision of periprosthetic hip infection?

To evaluate the safety of using extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) in a 2-stage revision of periprosthetic hip infection, we performed a retrospective review of 23 patients using ETO in the revision of infected hip arthroplasty and compared them to 46 patients using ETO in the revision of noninfected hip arthroplasty. Harris Hip Score improved from 36 points preoperatively to 82 points postoperatively. Infection was eradicated in 22 patients (96%). ETO healed in all at a mean of 10.6 weeks. No stem was revised for aseptic loosening. Complications included 2 periprosthetic fractures, 1 peroneal nerve palsy, and 1 dislocation. Postoperative Harris Hip Score, ETO union rate, time to healing of ETO, stem stability, and complication rate did not differ between the 2 groups. Our data suggest that ETO can be safely used in treating periprosthetic hip infection.     

Case Report

Vascular injuries around the hip are uncommon with hip arthroplasty. However, given the close proximity of the external iliac and femoral vessels to the hip, iatrogenic injury may occur. We describe a case of superficial femoral artery injury occurring during revision THA using an extended trochanteric osteotomy, bulk allograft, and cerclage wires. We review the available literature on vascular injury in hip arthroplasty and illustrate the great care necessary when placing cerclage wires and the importance of prompt recognition of these potentially devastating complications.     

Revision total hip replacement without trochanteric osteotomy

Revision total hip replacement has traditionally required a trochanteric osteotomy for successful cement removal and component reinsertion. In this study the authors have concluded that in most instances the revision total hip replacement procedure can be successfully performed without trochanteric osteotomy. The advantages are underscored by the high percentage of trochanteric complications with trochanteric osteotomy for revision total hip replacement and the ease of rehabilitation without trochanteric osteotomy. Also, improved functional results without trochanteric osteotomy were noted. The specific indications for the procedure included revision total hip replacement with ununited prior trochanteric osteotomy, revision total hip replacement with femoral shaft fractures, and revision total hip replacement with stem fractures requiring only acetabular revision. The contraindications to the procedure are fibrous union or ununited trochanteric osteotomy from prior total hip replacement, severe acetabular protrusion of the acetabular component, advanced myositis ossificans, ankylosis of the hip, and advanced proximal femoral osteoporosis. The operating room records, x-rays, and outpatient records of 63 total hip revisions in 52 patients were reviewed. There was a minimum 2-year follow up with a range from two years to seven years. The patients were divided into two groups, comparing 21 trochanteric osteotomized revisions to 44 with trochanteric sparing techniques. Both groups were analyzed for age, type of implant, intraoperative perforation of femur, intraoperative femoral shaft fractures, intraoperative cortical window, component malpositioning extraneous cement, intraoperative blood loss, operating time, postoperative leg length inequality, persistent abductor weakness, average first day of ambulation, wound infection, dislocation, nonunion of the trochanter, and postoperative pain. In the nonosteotomized group, there was a 21% decreased blood loss, a 14% decrease in persistent abductor weakness, a 14% decrease in subluxation and dislocation, a 30% decrease operating time and a 50% reduction in intraoperative femoral perforation. In the osteotomized group there were six cases of fibrous union of the greater trochanter, two cases requiring removal of broken wires for trochanteric bursitis. A detailed surgical technique and representative cases are presented. In carefully selected cases, revision total hip replacement is optimally performed without trochanteric osteotomy. Postoperative trochanteric problems of nonunion, broken wires, bursitis, and abductor weakness can effectively be eliminated by avoiding trochanteric osteotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)