大规格强化陶瓷板的研制

本研究打破了传统瓷质砖粘土-长石-石英配方的思路,引入以滑石为主的原料,研制出了适合大规格超薄瓷质砖生产的高强度坯料配方,所得产品的抗折强度达到88MPa,吸水率低于0.5%。利用XRD、SEM等对瓷坯晶相进行了研究,结果表明:瓷坯晶相量的增加是抗折强度提高的主要原因。     

高强薄型陶瓷砖坯料配方研究

以粘土-长石-滑石体系为基础,引入5%～15%的锂辉石和2%～10%的α-Al2O3微粉,研制出满足薄型瓷质砖性能要求的坯体配方.利用XRD和SEM分析,结果显示:α-Al2O3形成高弹性模量的刚玉相使瓷坯的抗折强度提高,而锂辉石的加入有助于在更低的温度下生成莫来石和刚玉相,从而提高坯体强度.引入15%的锂辉石、2%的α-Al2O3在1160 ℃烧成,能使瓷坯的抗折强度提高到97 MPa.     

高强度铝质电瓷配方的探讨

本文较系统地介绍了在坯体中加入煅烧铝矾土,提高瓷质强度的配方试验。现在国内许多电瓷厂生产的高强度电瓷、干燥性能差,干燥强度低,大多数都在35kg/cm~2左右。因此半成品损耗较大。此外瓷胎的抗折强度也较低,即使在坯料中加入35％的煅烧矾土,抗折强度也只有1300kg/cm~2。本文在基本不改变传统生产工艺的情况下,经调正颗粒级配和配方,在坯料中加入30％的煅烧铝矾土,从而大大提高各种工艺性能,使干燥强度达到51.731kg/cm~2,瓷坯的抗折强度为1440kg/cm~2。而且可使烧成温度范围从1280～1320℃降低到1240～1280℃,从而节约了能耗,降低了生产成本。     

高强超薄外墙瓷质砖的研制

1前言传统的外墙瓷质砖配方是由粘土、瓷石、长石、硅石等原料配制而成,其显微结构主要有莫来石相、石英晶相、玻璃相和气孔等。影响瓷坯机械强度的主要因素有:①占瓷胎体积40%～70%的玻璃相的机械强度,同时也是瓷胎中所有相组成中机械强度最薄弱环节。瓷胎受外界机械力破坏,首先从它开始;②莫来石晶体是陶瓷中主晶相之一,本身具有较高的机械强度,提高瓷坯的机械强度主要是调整粘土原料的添加量和石英加入量以获得较多的针状莫来石晶体的数量;③降低瓷坯中的气孔率也是提高其机械强度的重要因素。但是当前因考虑生产成本,绝大多数厂家都是采…     

低温快烧强化瓷的研究

本文扼要地介绍了低温快烧强化瓷的坯釉配方、所用主要原料、工艺参数及瓷质的主要性能，并得出了相关结论。     

精陶质卫生陶瓷坯体的研究

在生产工艺相同的前提下,陶瓷材料抵抗变形的能力本质上取决于制品的化学组成、矿物组成和显微结构。瓷质卫生陶瓷自身高液相含量决定了其高变形的固有特性,始终无法从根本上解决制品变形大的问题。通过引入适量煅烧高岭土,增加莫来石、石英等晶相含量,减少玻璃相含量,降低其高温塑性形变,实现精陶质卫生陶瓷低变形特性,并得出精陶质卫生陶瓷坯体配方适宜组成。XRD研究发现实验坯体莫来石、石英等晶相显著增加;而SEM观察实验坯体的气孔率高,玻璃相减少,因而相应的变形很小。采用实验最优配方的坯体变形度小于7mm,远远低于瓷质卫生陶瓷的变形度(20～30mm),完全能够满足制造极高规整度、大尺寸卫生陶瓷制品的要求。     

精陶质卫生陶瓷坯体的开发与研究

在生产工艺相同的前提下,陶瓷材料抵抗变形的能力本质上取决于制品的化学组成、矿物组成和显微结构。瓷质卫生陶瓷自身高液相含量决定了其高变形的固有特性,始终无法从根本上解决制品变形大的问题。通过引入适量煅烧高岭土,增加莫来石、石英等晶相含量,减少玻璃相含量,降低其高温塑性形变,实现精陶质卫生陶瓷低变形特性,并得出精陶质卫生陶瓷坯体配方适宜组成。XRD研究发现实验坯体莫来石、石英等晶相显著增加;而SEM观察实验坯体的气孔率高,玻璃相减少,因而相应的变形很小。采用实验最优配方的坯体变形度小于7mm,远远低于瓷质卫生陶瓷的变形度（20～30mm）,完全能够满足制造极高规整度、大尺寸卫生陶瓷制品的要求。     

提高大规格超薄建筑陶瓷砖瓷坯性能的研究

大规格超薄建筑陶瓷砖的研究和开发中的关键技术之一就是提高瓷坯的机械强度和烧结性能。本论文中采用了传统原料高岭土、长石、石英,并引入具有低温熔融特性的含锂瓷石,有效地满足了减少烧成收缩、扩大烧结范围和降低烧成温度的要求,通过调整配方组成和烧成制度,研制出了适合大规格超薄砖生产的基础配方。在此基础上,添加30%的α-Al_2O_3微粉,进一步将瓷坯的抗折强度从60MPa提高到了140MPa。     

内墙调湿砖制备工艺的研究

本文以煅烧铝矾土为主要原料,以煤粉作为造孔剂,采用传统烧结方法制备出高吸水率的内墙调湿砖。研究了煤粉的添加量和煅烧铝矾土的含量对内墙调湿砖性能的影响,并利用SEM对该内墙调湿砖的显微结构进行了表征。结果表明:在基本配方相同的条件下,当煤粉的外加量为2%时,有助于内墙调湿砖吸水率的提高,而对其抗弯强度的影响较小;在其他原料含量不变的情况下,内墙调湿砖的吸水率和抗弯强度都会随着煅烧铝矾土含量的升高而增大;并得出优化配方,该配方所获得的内墙调湿砖的吸水率为25.94%,抗弯强度为8.31MPa。     

Ps-15T高压电瓷系列产品的生产工艺及烧成控制

本详细介绍了利用当地原料生产Ps-15T高压电瓷系列产品的生产工艺，坯釉料配方及烧成控制，同时阐述了在烧成过程中氧化保温时间的长短对电瓷坯体结构的影响。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。