一种改进Sobel算子的热红外影像边缘检测方法

热红外影像特殊的成像机理和特点,使影像中存在大量的噪声导致边缘信息模糊难提取。基于传统Sobel算子提出了一种新的边缘检测方法。首先利用数学形态学中的不同尺度、不同结构元素对具有随机噪声的热红外影像进行形态学去噪,再用Otsu算法对去滤波后的影像进行全局阈值分割,最后利用Sobel算子对其进行边缘提取。基于MATLAB仿真实验,结果表明:与传统的Sobel算子相比,该方法不仅有较强的抗噪性,而且检测出的边缘外部轮廓与内部细节特征表达较好,边缘具有连续一致性,是一种简单、快速的边缘检测新方法。     

一种新的红外热像仪图像边缘检测方法

针对红外热像仪采集的红外影像边缘信息模糊、影像存在噪声、边缘信息难提取的特点,提出了一种基于数学形态学对LOG算子改进和Roberts算子数据相结合的边缘检测新方法。该方法首先引进形态学中的开闭运算对具有随机噪声的红外影像进行滤波,接着运用拉普拉斯算法边缘检测,然后再采用Roberts算子提取边缘信息,建立相应的融合规则及阈值条件,将两种方法检测出的影像边缘信息融合,得到最终的融合影像。最后,对增加椒盐噪声的影像用MATLAB进行仿真实验,结果表明,该方法结合了两种检测算子的优点,定位精度高,有很强的抗噪性,获得了比较理想的检测效果。     

一种新的热红外影像边缘检测方法

针对热红外影像中感兴趣温度区边缘信息模糊、对比度弱、影像存在噪声,传统的边缘检测方法难以实现边缘提取的问题,同时考虑到热红外影像边缘的不确定性,提出了一种将多层次梯形模糊增强、模糊C均值聚类以及与Sobel算子相结合的边缘检测方法。该方法首先对热红外影像进行多层次梯形模糊增强,接着运用模糊C均值聚类方法对影像中感兴趣温度目标区进行聚类,提取出目标物体,最后利用Sobel算子对目标物体进行边缘检测。基于MATLAB进行仿真模拟,实验结果表明,该方法具有较高的检测精度,既能检测出模糊影像的边缘,又能提取出传统算法所不能检测出的细节信息,边缘较细,计算量小,获得了比较理想的检测效果。     

一种红外序列图像目标边缘检测方法

红外序列图像边缘检测是图像处理中的重点和难点之一.提出了一种基于柔性形态学的红外序列图像边缘检测算法,首先对目标红外图像进行柔性边缘提取,然后在此基础之上采用模糊c均值聚类方法将图像转化为二值图像,从而得到比较精确的目标边缘检测图像.计算机仿真实验表明,该方法的性能优于传统的检测算子,并且具有抑制噪声的功能.     

基于Canny算子的红外影像边缘检测算法

针对传统Canny算子在提取红外影像边缘时会出现毛刺、不光滑等现象,提出一种增强边缘细节的红外影像边缘检测方法。在Canny算子基础上,用主成分分析得到的主算子代替Sobel算子,同时用基于二阶偏导的非极大值抑制方法进行边缘细化,最后由“参考白”方法设置阈值提取最终边缘。经MATLAB仿真表明,相比Canny算子,所提方法能够提取更加平滑的边缘,尤其对弧形边缘。     

基于小波变换和形态学的医学图像边缘检测

针对传统边缘检测算子对噪声敏感的缺点,结合小波阈值去噪和形态学边缘检测提出一种改进方法。首先对含高斯噪声的图像进行小波分解,然后再通过小波阈值法对高频系数进行处理,采用新设计的双结构形态学边缘检测算子对低频系数进行处理,最后用新系数重构出图像。实验结果表明:这种方法在去除噪声的同时较好地保留了边缘轮廓信息,是一种有效的边缘检测方法且具有实际参考价值。     

舰船尾流红外图像边界检测方法

由于舰船尾流与周围未扰动的海水相比温差较小且无明显轮廓,导致舰船尾流红外图像成像模糊、对比度低,难以提取其边缘信息。文中根据舰船尾流及其红外图像的特点,提出了一种利用动态纹理和数学形态学检测尾流边界的方法。首先,利用动态纹理分割方法对舰船尾流红外图像序列进行了预分割。然后,采用Canny算子对尾流区进行边缘提取。对提取的边缘利用形态学的方法进行膨胀、标记和选择,提取了真正的尾流边界。实验结果表明:该方法对舰船尾流红外图像序列进行处理,能够有效的提取尾流的边界,取得了较好的处理效果。     

基于绝对关联度的图像目标边缘提取方法

针对传统边缘检测方法对光学经纬仪实际拍摄的含噪声图像边缘检测效果不理想的问题,将灰色系统理论引入图像边缘检测,通过绝对关联分析与边缘检测算子相结合,提出一种利用二阶微分算子作为参考序列,图像像素作为比较序列,通过计算灰色绝对关联度来检测图像边缘的方法。实验结果表明,该方法与现有方法相比,边缘检测效果更好,检测的边缘清晰、连续,对噪声图像边缘的检测精度较高,抗噪声能力强。     

基于灰色简化B型关联度的图像边缘检测

鉴于传统的灰色边缘检测算法在阈值选取上需要人工干预,不具备自适应能力,提出了基于灰色简化B型关联度的自适应阈值选取进行图像边缘检测新算法。首先,用标准差化矩阵算子对图像灰度值进行预处理;其次,在3×3的像素模板上,将预处理后的中心像素点及周围8个像素点的数值一维化作为比较序列,并将这9个像素点的均值作为参考序列;最后,利用简化B型关联度计算两者之间的灰关联度,根据迭代算法求取灰色简化B型关联度的最佳阈值来检测图像边缘。实验结果表明,所提算法对灰度变化剧烈的图像具有较强的适应性,检测边缘清晰准确,比传统的邓氏相关度边缘检测算法能够更好的抑制噪声。     

电弧焊熔池图像的边缘检测

本文提出一种基于Canny算子和形态学的图像边缘提取算法。熔池图像经过预处理后,运用形态学的开闭运算滤除噪声和局部灰度增强后用Canny算子检测得到清晰的连续的边缘。实验结果表明,该方法明显优于经过传统滤波后再进行Canny算子的边缘检测效果,为后续的特征提取,目标识别提供了良好的基础。该算法对噪声有很好的鲁棒性,并得到真正的边缘。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.