遗传性对称性色素异常病患者的双链RNA特异性腺苷脱氨酶(DSRAD)基因:2个新突变和1个先前报道的突变

背景:遗传性对称性色素异常病(DSH,M IM127400)是常染色体显性色素异常遗传性皮肤病。最近已证实致病突变位于编码1个R NA合成酶的双链R N A特异性腺苷脱氨酶(D SR AD)基因。目的:明确中国DSH患者D SR AD的基因突变位点。方法:对3例无亲缘关系的中国DSH患者的DSR A D基因进行突变检测。其中2例患者有家族史。扩增所有的编码外显子及其侧翼序列并测序。结果:3例患者均为D SR AD杂合子突变,包括1个无义突变、1个移码突变和1个错义突变。结论:在这些中国D SH患者的DSRA D基因上发现2个新突变c.3169delC(L1057fs)和C.3247C…     

婴儿持续性高胰岛素血症性低血糖症9例临床和基因突变分析

目的分析婴儿持续性高胰岛素血症性低血糖症(PHHI)的临床表现、遗传学特点和基因突变特点。从基因水平了解PHHI的致病因素,以达到基因诊断和遗传咨询的目的。方法对9例PHHI患儿临床表现及检查结果进行分析。提取患儿外周血基因组DNA,利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)先扩增外周血ABCC8和KCNJ11基因外显子所在片段,对扩增片段进行正向序列测定,以检测突变。结果 2例患儿KCNJ11基因突变,1例患儿KCNJ11外显子第101位点G→A纯合突变(R34H),1例患儿KCNJ11外显子第91位点C→T杂合突变(R31W);2例患儿ABCC8基因突变,1例患儿ABCC8外显子31第3832位点出现G→A杂合突变(G1255S),1例患儿AB-CC8外显子12第1861位点出现C→T杂合突变(R598X)。结论发现4例患儿的基因突变,并发现一个国内外尚未见报道的ABCC8新突变(G1255S),为临床治疗、遗传咨询及产前诊断提供依据。     

儿童结节性硬化症TSC2基因突变2例报道

目的 分析2例儿童结节性硬化症（TSC）散发病例TSC1和TSC2基因突变情况。方法 采用高通量测序技术和多重连接探针扩增（MLPA）相结合的方式对两例TSC家系先证者外周血DNA行TSC相关基因（TSC1、TSC2）检测,确定基因突变位点,并针对突变位点设计扩增引物,采用聚合酶链反应和Sanger测序法对先证者及其父母外周血DNA行二代测序验证。结果 家系1先证者存在TSC2基因(chr16),c.1228(外显子12)_c.1229(外显子12)insG（p.L410RfsX11）杂合突变,该突变为新发移码突变;家系2先证者存在TSC2基因(chr16),c.4925G>A(外显子38)（p.G1642D）杂合突变,该突变为新发错义突变。结论 检测出2例TSC患者均出现TSC相关基因新发突变,但这2个新发突变与疾病的关系还需经突变蛋白功能细胞模型和动物模型的进一步验证。     

Alstrom综合征患儿ALMS1基因突变分析

目的:采用DNA测序法对Alstrom综合征患儿进行ALMS1基因突变分析,同时分析患者的ALMS1基因突变特点?方法:收集临床资料,采用聚合酶链反应扩增ALMS1基因的外显子及剪切位点序列,对扩增产物进行测序和序列分析,寻找突变位点?结果:患者临床表现较典型,以婴幼儿期出现视锥-杆细胞性视网膜色素营养不良(最终导致失明)?感音神经性耳聋?躯干型肥胖?胰岛素抵抗?高胰岛素血症及2型糖尿病等为主要临床特征?患者的ALMS1基因第9外显子上发现c.7664T >A(p.L2555X),理论上这种杂合无义突变会导致蛋白翻译提前终止,第16外显子上发现c.10613~10619AGACdel,为杂合缺失移码突变,理论上这种框移突变导致蛋白质序列明显改变,第8外显子发现c.1570~1574CTCins,纯合插入非移码突变,蛋白危害性未知,可能致病?这3种突变类型均未见文献报道?结论:在患者的ALMS1基因上发现了c.7664T>A?c.10613~10619AGACdel杂合突变及c.1570~1574CTCins纯合突变;迄今为止发现的106种突变类型,大部分位于16?8和10外显子,极少数报道有位于12和18外显子?本例位于第9外显子的基因突变,在国内外属首次报道?     

3M综合征2型新基因突变位点1例及文献复习

目的:报告1例3M综合征2型的临床特征、基因突变位点,结合国内外文献进行复习。方法:回顾分析1例3M综合征患儿的临床资料,并抽提患儿及父母外周血DNA,通过Nimblegen全外显子捕获芯片,经Illumina HiSeq测序仪进行测序分析,对发现的突变基因进行Sanger测序法验证。结果:男性患儿,9岁9个月,特殊面容,生长落后。患儿的OBSLI基因存在2处变异,变异1:插入缺失突变c. 5485(exon20)-c. 5494(exon20)delGAGGTGACTG,氨基酸移码突变p. E1829Cfs*62(杂合),父野生型,母杂合;变异2:点突变c. 2012G>A,氨基酸错义突变p. R671H,父杂合,母野生型,确诊为3M综合征2型。以上两处变异均未见报道。结论:患儿为3M综合征2型,致病基因OBSL1突变,突变位点为首次报道。对矮身材儿童推荐进行基因检测以早期明确诊断。     

卵巢癌患者BRCA1和BRCA2编码区基因突变频率及位点多态性分析

目的探讨卵巢癌患者BRCA1和BRCA2编码区基因突变频率及位点多态性。方法采用多重PCR技术,对107例卵巢癌患者行遗传性乳腺癌/卵巢癌基因BRCA1/2检测,对突变位点进行分析,检测有无单碱基突变、小片段插入及缺失突变以及突变的致病性,计算致病性突变频率,并分析突变基因与肿瘤免疫组化特征的关系。结果 107例患者中共发现BRCA1致病性突变7例,BRCA2致病性突变2例,均为错义杂合突变,总突变率为8.42%。而可能良性突变或意义不明突变共7例,大部分致病性突变为杂合移码突变(n=6),而无义杂合突变3例(2例BRCA2致病性突变均为无义杂合突变),无单碱基突变;携带BRCA1/2基因致病性突变患者的肿瘤标记物表达多为阳性,该基因突变与卵巢癌雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、糖类抗原125(CA125)及Ki67的表达组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论卵巢癌患者BRCA1/2基因移码突变导致蛋白的翻译提前终止,增加了癌症风险,而突变位点的多态性与卵巢癌免疫指标的表达密切相关,可能是介导肿瘤恶性进展的重要机制之一。     

一例TSC2基因新发突变导致结节性硬化症病例分析

对1例散发性结节性硬化症(Tuberous sclerosis complex,TSC)患儿进行TSC1及TSC2基因检测,探讨其可能的发病机制。采集患儿及其父母外周血提取基因组DNA,通过二代测序(Next generation sequencing,NGS)技术对患儿TSCl和TSC2基因的全部外显子及其侧翼序列进行测序,对其父母行Sanger测序验证,采用多重连接探针扩增技术（multiplexligation-dependent probe amplification,MLPA）检测患儿TSC1和TSC2基因大片段缺失,分析TSC的发病机制、临床特点和基因突变特征。本例患儿,男性,8个月龄,临床表现为癫痫发作及皮肤损害,查体：颜面部、左上、下肢皮肤可见4处牛奶咖啡斑,直径均大于5 mm。头颅磁共振成像示脑内多发异常信号及脑室内异常结节。NGS测序提示TSC2基因c.340G>T杂合突变,Sanger测序验证其父母均无上述变异,MLPA检测未发现患儿TSC1、TSC2基因存在大片段变异。TSC2基因c.340G>T点突变可能是该患儿结节性硬化症的致病突变。     

3例Wiskott-Aldrich综合征基因突变的特征分析

目的分析3例Wiskott-Aldrich综合征(WAS)患儿基因型及临床表现,以鉴别诊断要点,拓展诊断方法。方法收集2018年6月-2020年7月在安徽省儿童医院新生儿科接受治疗的3例WAS患儿资料,采用全外显子组测序(WES)方法检测患儿及其父母WAS基因突变情况,Sanger测序验证突变位点。结果 3例患儿主要表现为不同程度的血小板减少,其中病例1、3伴有细菌感染,均存在自身免疫性疾病,符合5分标准,为WAS;病例2符合1分标准,为X连锁的血小板减少症(XLT)。3例患儿WAS基因突变分别位于1、4和10号外显子,均为移码突变。3例患儿父亲均正常,母亲均存在与患儿相应位点的突变,说明母亲为WAS基因突变携带者,突变均遗传自母亲。结论基因检测为诊断WAS的有效方法,通过家系WES(trio-WES)检测WAS基因突变位点可了解突变来源,能够为临床提供优生优育参考,为临床治疗WAS提供新思路。     

儿童原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退的临床特征和基因突变研究

目的分析儿童原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退患者的临床特征及其DAX1、SF1基因突变的发生率,探讨导致该病可能的分子机制。方法选择原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退的男性患儿25例,观察患儿的临床特征并行辅助检查。抽提外周血基因组DNA,对DAX1基因2个外显子(外显子1和2)的PCR扩增产物进行测序分析;无突变者行SF1基因(外显子2~7)突变筛查。结果患儿均有不同程度的皮肤色素沉着、乏力、恶心、呕吐及脱水等表现;18例曾出现肾上腺危象;8例有明确家族史。15例达到青春发育年龄的患儿中,8例(53.3%)伴性发育不良。DAX1基因检测共发现8种突变,包括1种错义、6种移码和1种无义突变;其中6种(c.291delC、c.332-333delCT、p.E137X、c.605delG、c.731delG和c.838delG)为新发现突变,余为已报道过的突变:2例为p.L262P(表兄弟),1例为c.652-653delCA;未发现SF1基因突变存在。DAX1基因突变率为40%(10/25),伴性发育不良患儿突变率为62.5%(5/8),有明确家族史患儿DAX1基因突变率为100%(8/8);DAX1基因突变患儿的发病年龄不同,...     

先天性高胰岛素血症家系ABCC8、KCNJ11、GLUD1基因突变分析

目的 通过对先天性高胰岛素血症患儿家系ABCC8、KCNJ11及GLUD1基因的突变分析,探讨先天性高胰岛素血症的遗传发病机制.方法 选取2008年11月至2012年2月北京儿童医院收治的11例临床诊断为先天性高胰岛素血症的患儿及其家系为研究对象,其中男7例,女4例.应用PCR DNA直接测序技术对11个患儿的家系ABCC8基因的39个外显子区、KCNJ11基因的非翻译区及外显子区以及GLUD1基因的第6、7、10、11、12外显子区进行测序分析.结果 11例患儿家系中,病例1及其父亲携带ABCC8基因P629PfsX17杂合突变;病例4及其父亲携带ABCC8基因W288X杂合突变;病例5携带ABCC8基因A640V和Q1196x杂合突变,而其父亲仅携带ABCC8基因Q1196x杂合突变;病例6及其父亲携带GLUD1基因R269H杂合突变;上述4例患儿母亲相应基因位点均正常.另7例患儿及其父母并未检测出上述3种基因突变.结论 ABCC8基因突变是导致中国儿童先天性高胰岛素血症发病的主要致病机制.在中国人中,ABCC8基因的P629PfsX17、W288X、A640V、Q1196x杂合突变,GLUD1基因的R269H杂合突变可以导致先天性高胰岛素血症的发生,其遗传方式可为父系遗传或新生突变.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.