室温自交联水性含氟聚氨酯聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备及性能

采用原位无皂乳液聚合工艺,以丙烯酸单体为溶剂,双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)和己二酰肼(ADH)为交联体系得到室温自交联水性含氟聚氨酯聚丙烯酸酯(WFPUA)。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电镜(TEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对聚合物结构进行了表征。同时,考察了含氟量、酮肼交联比例对WFPUA胶膜性能的影响。结果显示,当含氟量为8%、酮肼摩尔比为1∶1时,接触角能达到110.5°,吸水率下降至8.8%,抗拉强度从18.12 MPa提高至28.55 MPa。热重分析表明,酮肼交联的引入有效提高了乳胶膜的热稳定性。     

交联型聚氨酯／苯丙树脂复合乳液的研究研究

将双丙酮丙烯酰胺（DAAM）参与共聚的苯丙乳液与含有肼基的聚氨酯水分散体混合后,得到了交联型聚氨酯／苯丙树脂复合乳液。研究了DAAM的用量对苯丙乳液的影响,用傅里叶红外光谱和透射电镜证实了酮羰基与肼基之间发生了交联反应。对乳液膜性能的研究结果表明,交联反应提高了乳液膜的耐水性、耐溶剂性、断裂强度、断裂伸长率。     

交联型聚氨酯/苯丙树脂复合乳液的研究

将双丙酮丙烯酰胺 (DAAM)参与共聚的苯丙乳液与含有肼基的聚氨酯水分散体混合后 ,得到了交联型聚氨酯 /苯丙树脂复合乳液。研究了 DAAM的用量对苯丙乳液的影响。用傅里叶红外光谱和透射电镜证实了酮羰基与肼基之间发生了交联反应。对乳液膜性能的研究结果表明 ,交联反应提高了乳液膜的耐水性、耐溶剂性、断裂强度、断裂伸长率。     

水性聚氨酯与丙烯酸酯乳液交联反应的研究

将由双丙酮丙烯酰胺（DAAM）参与共聚的丙烯酸酯乳液与含有肼基的聚 氨酯水分散体混合后，得到了交联型聚氨酯／丙烯酸酯复合乳液，利用红外光谱和透射电镜技术证实了酮羰基与肼基之间的交联反应的发生。对乳液膜性能的研究结果表明，交联反应极大地提高了乳液膜的耐水性，耐溶性，断裂强度，断裂伸长率。     

交联单体改性丙烯酸酯乳液的应用研究

采用种子乳液聚合法,通过引入功能单体甲基丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基乙酯(AAEM),并按酰肼基团与乙酰乙酰基团不同物质的量比添加交联剂碳酸二酰肼(CAH),合成了可室温自交联的丙烯酸酯乳液(ACMA)。通过测定不同温度下的转化率,确定了ACMA聚合的最佳温度为80℃。探讨了不同酰肼基团与乙酰乙酰基团物质的量比对胶膜交联度、耐水性、接触角、力学性能、热稳定性的影响。结果表明:当酰肼基团与乙酰乙酰基团物质的量比为1∶1时,ACMA胶膜的交联度为95.78%,吸水率降至12.4%,接触角达到94.7°,拉伸强度升至7.3 MPa,同时热稳定性提高。将ACMA乳液配制成水性清漆,随着酰肼基团与乙酰乙酰基团物质的量比的增加,铅笔硬度提高,附着力较好。     

室温自交联水性丙烯酸树脂分散体的制备与性能研究

水性丙烯酸树脂在耐光性、耐候性、色泽等方面显示了优良的性能,但是在成膜干燥速度、耐水性和储运稳定性等方面还存在明显不足。针对上述问题,本研究以酮肼交联改性为基础,采用自由基共聚的方法,制备出了室温自交联水性丙烯酸分散体。傅里叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析证实了双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)和己二酸二酰肼(ADH)在室温下发生了酮肼交联反应,并对交联机理进行了研究;差式扫描量热(DSC)分析表明,加入DAAM/ADH交联体系的树脂涂膜具有更高的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和热稳定性;在研究范围内,随着交联剂用量的增加,合成树脂的吸水率先降低后升高,交联度、硬度、断裂强度逐渐提高,伸长率降低。     

PE、PP薄膜油墨用室温自交联水性丙烯酸酯树脂的制备

以丙烯酸(AA)及丙烯酸酯类物质为单体,双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)和己二酸二酰肼(ADH)为交联体系,丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯(PGMEA)为溶剂,通过自由基溶液聚合制得一种室温自交联丙烯酸酯树脂。研究了亲水性单体AA、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)用量和DAAM用量对丙烯酸酯树脂水溶稳定性以及涂膜耐水性、交联度和在聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)表面附着力的影响,表征了树脂的分子量和交联结构。结果表明,树脂在室温下发生酮肼交联固化反应,其数均分子量大于35 000。当AA、HPA、DAAM分别为单体总质量的9.2%、5.8%和2%时,树脂能完全水溶,涂膜吸水率低于15%、交联度达85.5%。将该树脂用作连接料制得的油墨涂膜耐折性和耐干摩擦性合格,着色率高,耐水性好,在PE、PP膜上的附着力分别为1级和0级,综合性能优良。     

室温自交联水性聚丙烯酸酯乳液的合成、结构与性能

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸(AA)和双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAm)为共聚单体,采用半连续种子乳液聚合工艺,合成了具有核–壳结构的室温自交联水性聚丙烯酸酯乳液。以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)为复合乳化剂,研究了其用量对聚合反应稳定性的影响,讨论了不同DAAm用量下乳胶粒的粒径分布、漆膜耐水性和力学性能,确定了较佳的用量:复合乳化剂用量为单体质量的3.0%,w(DAAm)为4%。透射电镜(TEM)分析表明,乳胶粒具有明显的核–壳结构。热分析表明,以己二酰肼(ADH)为交联剂,交联后漆膜的玻璃化转变温度明显提高,红外光谱分析证明了酮肼交联反应的发生。     

自交联水性PVAc乳液胶粘剂的合成及耐水性研究

以醋酸乙烯为原料,DAAM(双丙酮丙烯酰胺)及ADH(己二酰肼)为自交联单体,通过乳液聚合制备了自交联PVAc(聚醋酸乙烯酯)乳液。研究结果表明:当w(DAAM)=2.0%时,胶粘剂湿状剪切强度由未加DAAM改性的1.06 MPa提高至1.36 MPa,胶膜吸水率由改性前的52.36%降至26.81%。红外表征说明聚合物发生了交联反应;透射电镜表征说明合成乳液粒子分布均匀,呈球状或椭球状结构。     

涂布纸涂料用交联型苯丙乳液的制备及应用

以双丙酮丙烯酰胺作为官能单体与其他乙烯基单体共聚,合成了含有酮羰基的苯丙乳液,再与肼混合,制备交联型苯丙乳液,用红外光谱证实了交联反应的发生,并探讨了交联反应对乳液膜性能和涂布纸性能的影响。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。