血管活性肠肽对大鼠离体逼尿肌肌条自发性收缩作用的实验研究

目的：观察血管活性肠肽（vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP)对离体逼尿肌肌条自发性收缩频率及收缩幅度的作用。方法：建立Wistar大鼠下尿路梗阻动物模型,6周后行充盈性膀胱测压,根据逼尿肌稳定与否将下尿路梗阻动物分为逼尿肌稳定组和逼尿肌不稳定组,用拉力传感器观察VIP对离体逼尿肌肌条的自发性收缩频率及收缩幅度的影响。结果：大鼠下尿路梗阻6周后膀胱逼尿肌不稳定发生率为62．1％,VIP能明显抑制逼尿肌的自发性收缩,降低逼尿肌肌条自发性收缩频率及收缩幅度（P＜0．05）,但梗阻后逼尿肌不稳定组,逼尿肌稳定组及对照组之间差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）,结论：VIP能显著抑制正常和梗阻后逼尿肌自发性收缩,但其在逼尿肌不稳定发生中的作用仍需深入研究。     

膀胱出口梗阻后逼尿肌中转化生长因子-β1的表达与膀胱重量改变的关系

目的：探讨膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）后逼尿肌中转化生长因子-β1（TGF）-β1的表达与膀胱重量改变的关系。方法：随机选择2003年6月至2005年6月入院患者21例,其中BOO患者16例（BOO组）,为住院诊断良性前列腺增生症（BPH）患者,行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术;对照组5例,为外伤等情况入院并排除有下尿路梗阻病史者,行开放手术治疗。两组术前均行B超检查测定膀胱重量,术中切取膀胱上壁组织,检测膀胱逼尿肌中TGF-β1mRNA的表达,并比较其与膀胱重量的相关性。结果：BOO组与对照组膀胱重量分别为（92．15±34．89）、（56．08±20．35）g,BOO组明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）;与对照组[（0．18±0．13）×10^6]相比,BOO组TGF—β1mRNA表达量[（3．60±7．30）×10。]显著增加（P〈0．01）;且BOO组中TGF—β1mRNA表达量与膀胱重量改变呈明显正相关（P〈0．05）,而对照组无相关性。结论：BOO后膀胱逼尿肌中TGF-β1表达明显增加,其可能在膀胱逼尿肌的功能改变中发挥作用。     

膀胱不同部位注射A型肉毒素治疗女性难治性膀胱过度活动症的临床研究

目的：观察膀胱不同部位注射A型肉毒素治疗女性难治性膀胱过度活动症的疗效。方法40例入选病例,随机分为逼尿肌注射组（A组）、逼尿肌联合三角区注射组（B组）,评估患者治疗前及治疗后4周的临床症状（平均每日日间排尿次数、平均每次排尿量、夜尿次数、尿急次数）及尿动力学指标（初始尿意膀胱容量、最大膀胱容量）和 OABSS 评分、QOL 评分情况。结果经过A型肉毒素注射治疗4周后,A组平均每日日间排尿次数、平均每次排尿量、夜尿次数、尿急次数以及OABSS评分, QOL评分、最大膀胱容量均较B组有明显改善（P＜0．05）。结论 A型肉毒素膀胱内注射治疗难治性膀胱过度活动症疗效好,无明显毒副作用,是治疗难治性膀胱过度活动的经济、有效的新方法;采用逼尿肌联合三角区部位的注射,症状缓解更为明显,值得进一步的研究及推广。     

托特罗定对膀胱细胞兴奋性的影响及在膀胱收缩功能中作用的探讨

目的：探讨托特罗定对膀胱细胞兴奋性的影响及其在膀胱收缩功能中的作用,为膀胱活动过度症的治疗提供参考。方法：将膀胱活动过度症患者80例随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组各40例,治疗组给予托特罗定治疗．对照组给予黄酮哌酯治疗。结果：两组治疗后24h平均排尿次数和平均单次排尿量较治疗前,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）;治疗组治疗后24h平均排尿次数明显少于对照组（t=9．363,P〈0．05）,平均单次排尿量明显多于对照组（t=12．363,P〈0．05）;治疗后,治疗组的临床总有效率为95％（38／40）,对照组临床总有效率为75％（30／40）,治疗组的临床总有效率明显高于对照组（X2=6．336,P〈0．05）,差异有统计学意义。两组口干、便秘、烦躁等不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：托特罗定在治疗膀胱活动过度症的应用中能明显降低膀胱细胞的兴奋性与收缩功能。提高治疗疗效,且无明显不良反应．值得推广应用。     

前列腺增生症患者逼尿肌中神经生长因子与受体的变化

目的：探讨前列腺增生症患者膀胱逼尿肌中神经生长因子（nerve growth factor，NGF）及其高亲和力受体酪氨酸激酶A（tyrosine kinaseA，TrkA）的表达变化。方法：前列腺增生症患者54例，分为逼尿肌稳定组（33例）和逼尿肌不稳定组（2l例）。对照组为15例同期在我院因膀胱癌施行开放手术的男性患者，应用免疫组化观察各组逼尿肌中NGF及其高亲和力受体TrkA的表达。结果：梗阻稳定组与梗阻不稳定组NGF及TrkA的表达水平均明显高于对照组，在对照组、梗阻稳定组及梗阻不稳定组之间两两比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：前列腺增生致膀胱出口梗阻后膀胱逼尿肌细胞中NGF及TrkA表达水平增高与膀胱逼尿肌不稳定的发生有关。     

前列腺增生患者膀胱逼尿肌中多种生长因子变化的研究

目的：探讨前列腺增生症患者膀胱逼尿肌功能改变与多种生长因子的关系。方法选择51例前列腺增生者膀胱逼尿肌标本,其中30例逼尿肌功能正常（稳定组）,21例逼尿肌不稳定（不稳定组）。同时选择非尿路梗阻者15例为对照组,取膀胱逼尿肌标本。应用免疫组化方法检测膀胱逼尿肌中转化生长因子（TGF）、碱性成纤维生长因子（bFGF）、神经生长因子（NGF）的表达情况,同时比较各组之间的差异。结果 TGF的表达在稳定组、不稳定组及对照组分别为76.67%、90.48%及40.00%,三组之间的差异有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.01）。 bFGF的表达在稳定组、不稳定组及对照组的表达分别为93.33%、90.48%及73.33%,稳定组、不稳定组的表达均高于对照组,并且与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.01）。 NGF的表达在稳定组、不稳定组及对照组的表达分别为73.33%、85.71%及53.33%,三组之间的差异有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.01）。结论 BPH患者膀胱出口梗阻后逼尿肌中TGF、NGF表达的增高可能是其收缩功能改变导致膀胱不稳定的分子学基础。     

犬神经原性膀胱模型制作及分析

目的 建立犬神经原性膀胱动物模型并进行动物表现、尿动力学及膀胱造影分析。方法 10只雌性杂交犬，分为两组。骶上组5只在第4～5腰椎间隙水平横断脊髓，骶下组5只在横断脊髓后再完全破坏骶髓。观察术后犬表现，尿动力学分析犬术前及术后3个月的膀胱容量、逼尿肌压力、膀胱顺应性、尿道压力。进行膀胱造影。结果 骶上组犬术后膀胱容量、顺应性、逼尿肌压力分别增加，与术前相比均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；骶下组犬的膀胱容量、顺应性、逼尿肌压力分别增加，与术前比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。骶下组犬膀胱造影显示膀胱容量增大。结论 犬骶上型和骶下型神经原性膀胱模型均符合脊髓损伤恢复期的膀胱表现，两模型适于进行神经原性膀胱的研究。     

盐酸吡柔比星与丝裂霉素交替膀胱灌注对腺性膀胱炎术后复发及生活质量的影响

目的研究盐酸吡柔比星与丝裂霉素交替膀胱灌注对腺性膀胱炎术后复发及生活质量的影响。方法60例腺性膀胱炎患者手术后随机分为观察组及对照组。对照组：采用盐酸吡柔比星膀胱灌注。观察组：采用盐酸吡柔比星与丝裂霉素交替膀胱灌注。结果观察组和对照组的灌注方法疗效比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）.治疗后,观察组在躯体功能及心理功能等两个方面优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗期间,观察组总不良反应率16．67％低于对照组总不良反应率40．00％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论盐酸吡柔蟛星与丝裂霉素交替膀胱灌注预防腺性膀胱炎术后复发疗效可靠,患者生活质量较高,而且不良反应也轻,安全性更好。     

老年良性前列腺增生症合并糖尿病患者的尿流动力学改变分析

目的：探讨老年良性前列腺增生症（ BPH）合并糖尿病患者的尿流动力学的改变意义。方法：选择90例老年良性前列腺增生症患者,分为两组,BPH合并糖尿病42例为观察组,单纯BPH 48例为对照组,比较两组的尿流动力学改变。结果：观察组中逼尿肌不稳定达76．19％高于对照组的56．25％,低顺应性膀胱占30．95％高于对照组的18．75％,逼尿肌功能受损占47．62％高于对照组的25％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。观察组FDV较对照组明显升高,而最大尿流率（ Qmax）较对照组明显降低（ P＜0．05）,IPSS评分亦高于对照组。结论：对BPH合并DM患者应该尽早实行尿流动力学监测,对临床治疗方案具有一定的指导意义。     

广泛性子宫切除术对子宫内膜癌患者术后膀胱功能的影响

目的：探讨广泛性子宫切除术对子宫内膜癌患者术后膀胱功能的影响。方法：子宫内膜癌患者130例根据随机抽签原则分为治疗组与对照组各65例,治疗组采用系统保留盆腔自主神经的广泛性子宫切除术,对照组采用传统子宫全切除治疗。结果：与对照组相比,治疗组的术中出血量及手术时间明显较少（ P＜0．05）,而两组的阴道切除长度与宫旁切除长度对比差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。治疗组术后第6天与第21天的残余尿量都明显少于对照组（ P＜0．05）。与对照组相比,治疗组术后第21天的最大尿流率、最大膀胱压与最大逼尿肌压都明显较少,而最大腹压高于对照组,两组对比,差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论：系统保留盆腔自主神经的广泛性子宫切除术应用于子宫内膜癌患者能有效减少创伤与残余尿量,从而提高术后膀胱功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.