Expression of telomerase genes in cancer development in atypical hyperplasia of the mammary duct

目的　观察端粒酶基因在乳腺癌前病变 乳腺导管非典型增生及乳腺癌中的表达 ,探讨其与恶性转化的关系。方法　应用原位杂交方法评价端粒酶基因hTR和hTRT在 5 0例乳腺增生组织 (其中乳腺单纯性增生 6例 ,轻度非典型增生 9例 ,中度非典型增生 12例 ,重度非典型增生 2 3例 )及 2 6例乳腺癌中的表达。结果　在乳腺导管单纯性增生组织中端粒酶基因 (hTR、hTRTmRNA)呈弱表达 (16 6 % )或表达阴性。在乳腺导管轻、中度非典型增生组织中端粒酶基因 (hTR、hTRTmRNA)呈弱表达 (2 2 2 % ,11 1% ;33 3% ,2 5 0 % ) ,在乳腺导管重度非典型增生组织中端粒酶基因 (hTR、hTRTmRNA)表达增强 (6 0 9% ,5 2 1% ) ,在乳腺癌组织中端粒酶基因(hTR、hTRTmRNA)呈较强阳性表达 (88 5 % ,80 8% )。乳腺导管重度非典型增生组织中的端粒酶基因表达与在轻中度非典型增生、乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达比较差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但与导管内癌表达无显著差异(P >0 0 5 )。结论　端粒酶基因hTR、hTRT的表达与乳腺导管非典型增生细胞的恶性转化有关 ,端粒酶的重新激活可能在乳腺癌的组织发生中起作用     

乳腺癌中端粒酶活性的测定及其意义

目的 :通过测定乳腺癌中端粒酶 ,探讨端粒酶活化与乳腺癌的发生发展和临床分期的关系。方法 :应用端粒酶重复序列扩增法及酶联免疫吸附法检测 35例乳腺癌组织、17例乳腺癌旁组织、10例乳腺纤维腺瘤组织、10例正常乳腺组织的端粒酶活性。结果 :端粒酶在乳腺癌、癌旁组织、乳腺纤维腺瘤、正常乳腺组织中表达的阳性率分别为 85 .7%、11.7%、10 %、0 ,乳腺癌中端粒酶表达阳性率明显高于癌旁组织、乳腺纤维腺瘤和正常乳腺组织 (P<0 .0 1)。端粒酶在乳腺癌中临床 期和临床 期的阳性表达率分别为 85 %、86 .6 % ,二者比较 ,无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :端粒酶活化在乳腺癌的发生发展中起重要作用 ,端粒酶可作为诊断乳腺癌的一个新的理想肿瘤标志物。     

乳腺导管癌及癌前病变中端粒酶基因与p53,bcl-2的表达及相关性

目的观察端粒酶基因（hTR、hTRT）、凋亡相关基因（p53、bcl-2）在乳腺癌及癌前病变中的表达及相互关系。方法应用原住杂交方法检测端粒酶基因（hTR、hTRT）和凋亡相关基因（p53、bcl-2）mRNA在44例乳腺导管非典型增生组织中的表达，应用免疫组化方法检测p53基因蛋白在上述病例中的表达，并与6例乳腺良性乳腺增生及26例乳腺癌病例进行了比较。结果端粒酶基因（hTR、hTRTmRNA）在乳腺导管重度非典型增生组织中表达增强（60．90,6，52．1％），其表达与在轻、中度非典型增生中（分别为22．2％，11．1％和33．3％。25．0%）和乳腺癌组织中（88．5％，80．896）的表达差异显著（P〈0．05）．p53mRNA在乳腺导管非典型增生组织中的表达随着异型性的增加而下降，而p53基因蛋白则相应增加。Bcl-2在乳腺导管非典型增生组织中呈中度表达，其中以在重度中表达明显。结论端粒酶基因hTR、hTRT的表达与乳腺非典型增生细胞的恶性转化密切相关。同时可检测到p53mRNA的表达缺失、p53蛋白突变及bcl-2mRNA的过表达，且表达水平与端粒酶活性有相关关系。     

人乳腺癌中端粒酶结构表达的研究

目的研究人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)、人端粒酶RNA亚基(hTR)和预后指标包括肿瘤的大小、分级、结节状态和患者年龄间的联系。方法RT-PCR检测92例人乳腺恶性肿瘤和10例良性肿瘤的hTERT和hTR的表达。结果hTR和hTERT的表达分别为62例(67.4%)和76例(82.6%),与<40岁的人群比较,>40岁的人群hTR表达更显著,良性肿瘤中没有1例表达hTR,6例表达hTERT。hTR和hTERT的表达与肿瘤的分级、分期、淋巴结转移和病理分型呈显著相关,与肿瘤大小没有相关性,在76例hTERT阳性的患者中,均有不同程度的hTR表达阴性,在hTR阳性的患者中没有hTERT阴性。结论hTERT和hTR的表达同乳腺癌具有相关性;hTR比hTERT更能反映乳腺癌的发生情况。     

端粒酶基因hTR在大肠癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的　探讨大肠癌中端粒酶基因hTR表达与临床参数的关系 ,评价hTR表达检测在大肠癌诊断中的价值。方法　用原位杂交的方法检测端粒酶基因hTR在大肠癌、癌旁组织和大肠良性病变中的表达和分布情况。结果　结果 5 1例大肠癌中hTR基因表达阳性率为 94 .1% (48 5 1) ,5 1例癌旁组织中hTR基因表达阳性率为 0 (0 5 1) ,31例大肠良性病变中hTR基因表达阳性率为 3.2 % (1 31)。大肠癌组织中hTR基因的表达与癌旁组织、大肠良性病变比较差异有显著性 (P均 <0 .0 1)。大肠癌组织中hTR的表达与患者性别、病变部位、病理分类大体类型、淋巴结转移和临床分期无相关性 (P均 >0 .0 5 ) ,但与肿瘤病理分级相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　端粒酶基因hTR表达检测在大肠癌诊断中可能有一定的价值。     

胰腺癌中端粒酶-RNA表达及其临床意义

目的 :探讨胰腺癌组织端粒酶 -RNA(hTR )表达与癌生物学行为的关系 ,与其在胰腺癌发生发展中的意义。方法 :采用原位杂交方法检测了 2 3例胰腺癌患者hTR表达情况。结果 :19例hTR表达 ,阳性率为 82 .6% ( 19 2 3 ) ;癌周围组织中有 1例hTR表达 ,阳性率为 4.3 % ( 1 2 3 )。胰腺癌组织中hTR表达阳性率较癌周组织有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。hTR表达与胰腺癌分级、临床分期及伴随局部淋巴结转移无显著相关 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :端粒酶可作为胰腺癌的早期肿瘤标记物。     

女性乳腺癌组织ERα、ERβ的表达及其意义

目的: 研究雌激素受体α(ERα)与ERβ mRNA及ERα蛋白在女性乳腺癌组织中的表达,并探讨ER亚型的表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征之间的关系及其表达意义。方法: 采用R T-PCR及免疫组化S-P法,检测52例乳腺癌组织及19例乳腺纤维腺瘤组织中ERα与ERβ mRNA及ERα蛋白的表达。结果: ERβ mRNA总表达率在乳腺癌组织中为51.9%,高于其在乳腺纤维腺瘤组织中的表达率21.1%(P<0.05);ERαmRNA单独表达率在乳腺纤维腺瘤组织中为63.2%,高于其在乳腺癌组织中的表达率25.0%(P<0.05);ERα与ERβ mRNA共表达表型在乳腺癌组织中的表达率为51.9%,高于其在乳腺纤维腺瘤组织中的表达率15.8%(P<0.05);在乳腺癌组织中ERα与ERβ共表达表型与淋巴结转移有一定关系(P<0.05),并趋向于更高的肿瘤病理学分级;ERα蛋白在乳腺癌及乳腺纤维腺瘤两种组织中的表达率相似。结论: 在乳腺癌组织中ERα与ERβ共同表达可能是乳腺癌患者预后不良的指标。     

脂氧合酶-5及血管内皮生长因子在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的检测脂氧合酶-5(LOX-5)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在乳腺癌中的表达,分析LOX-5、VEGF在乳腺癌发生发展中的作用及其与临床病理因素的关系。方法采用免疫组化方法检测60例乳腺癌组织、20例乳腺纤维腺瘤组织及20例癌旁正常组织中LOX-5与VEGF的表达情况,分析其与临床病理因素的相关性。结果 60例乳腺癌组织中LOX-5阳性表达率为85.0%,明显高于癌旁组织(15.0%)及乳腺纤维腺瘤组织(5.0%)(P<0.05);60例乳腺癌组织中VEGF阳性表达率为81.7%,明显高于癌旁组织(35.0%)及乳腺纤维腺瘤组织(20.0%)(P<0.05)。LOX-5、VEGF的表达与肿瘤大小、组织学分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05,P<0.01),与患者年龄、雌激素及孕激素受体情况无关。经Spearman等级相关检验,提示LOX-5与VEGF阳性表达呈正相关(r=0.5151,P<0.01)。结论 LOX-5、VEGF在乳腺纤维腺瘤组织及癌旁组织中低表达,在乳腺癌组织中高表达,其高表达与肿瘤浸润、转移等预后不良的因素相关。     

VEGF和ER在乳腺癌组织中的表达与其生物学特征的关系

目的:研究乳腺癌组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和雌激素受体(ER)的表达及临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学SABC法,检测85例乳腺癌及42例乳腺纤维腺瘤组织中VEGF和ER的表达情况,并评价其与乳腺癌临床病理学因素之间的关系。结果:乳腺癌组织中VEGF阳性率(57.65%,49/85)明显高于乳腺纤维腺瘤(4.76%,2/42)(P<0.0001)。VEGF表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、病理分型及ER无明显关系(P>0.05)。、期乳腺癌和淋巴结转移阳性组的VEGF表达阳性率明显高于、期乳腺癌和淋巴结转移阴性组(P<0.0001)。ER在乳腺癌中的阳性率为58.82%(50/85),在乳腺纤维腺瘤中无阳性表达。结论:乳腺癌组织中VEGF有异常表达,与乳腺癌的预后有关。     

乳腺癌端粒酶、VEGF基因蛋白表达及临床意义

目的探讨端粒酶以及VEGF在乳腺癌发生、侵袭和转移中的作用 ,为临床治疗、判断预后提供依据。方法(1)实验组为50例原发性乳腺癌存档蜡块标本 ,对照组为5例正常乳腺组织。应用流式细胞术定量检测端粒酶和VEGF基因蛋白表达。(2)统计学处理采用t检验、方差分析、q 检验、χ2检验和相关分析 ,显著性水准为0.05。结果(1)VEGF基因蛋白在正常乳腺组织中表达阴性 ,在乳腺癌组织中表达阳性率为56% (28/50) ,两组比较有显著性差异 (P<0.05)。(2)端粒酶在正常乳腺组织中表达阴性 ,在乳腺癌组织中表达阳性率为70 % (35/50) ,两组比较有显著性差异 (P<0.05)。(3)端粒酶与VEGF表达之间呈正相关 (r=0.3333 ,P<0.05)。结论端粒酶和VEGF基因蛋白均参与了乳腺癌的发生发展过程。它们以不同的作用机理促进了乳腺癌的发生、侵袭和转移。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.