MRAS-based sensorless control of a vector controlled five-phase induction motor drive

Multi-phase ac motor drives are nowadays considered for various applications, due to numerous advantages that they offer when compared to their three-phase counterparts. In principle, control methods for multi-phase machines are the same as for three-phase machines. Variable speed induction motor drives without mechanical speed sensors at the motor shaft have the attractions of low cost and high reliability. To replace the sensor, information of the rotor speed is extracted from measured stator currents and voltages at motor terminals. Vector controlled drives require estimating the magnitude and spatial orientation of the fundamental magnetic flux waves in the stator or in the rotor. Open-loop estimators and closed-loop observers are used for this purpose. They differ with respect to accuracy, robustness, and sensitivity against model parameter variations. This paper analyses operation of an open-loop and model reference adaptive system (MRAS)-based sensorless control of vector controlled five-phase induction machine with current control in the stationary reference frame. The MRAS-based sensorless operation of a three-phase induction machine is well established and the same principle is extended in this paper for an IRFOC five-phase induction machine. Performance, obtainable with hysteresis current control, is illustrated for a number of operating conditions on the basis of simulation results. Full decoupling of rotor flux control and torque control is realised. Dynamics, achievable with a five-phase vector controlled induction machine, are shown to be essentially identical to those obtainable with a three-phase induction machine. Experimental verification is also provided.     

一种感应电机转动惯量的瞬态辨识方法

为了在无速度传感器运行模式的感应电机上实现高性能控制,实现转动惯量的准确辨识,提出一种感应电机的转动惯量瞬态辨识方法。根据感应电机的定子电压、电流信号计算转子磁链、转速、转矩,构建转动惯量的自适应律。该方法能在无机械式速度传感器的前提下用于感应电机瞬态过程,仿真与实验结果表明了转动惯量自适应律的正确性和有效性。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的永磁同步电机转速估计方法研究

研究了利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器(extended kalman filter, EKF)对永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM)矢量控制系统进行参数精确估计的方法。通过引入定子电流和电压,在线估计电机的定子磁链、电机转速和转子位置,进而实现永磁同步电机的无传感器控制。仿真结果表明EKF准确地观测了电机转速和磁链,所构建的无速度传感器矢量控制系统具有良好的控制性能。     

基于新型磁链观测模型的矢量控制系统研究

在异步电动机数学模型的基础上,介绍了一种改进的定子磁链观测方法,并在此基础上设计了转速估算器.磁链观测器和速度估算器结合起来应用于无速度传感器的矢量控制系统.通过Matlab仿真试验,得到转速、转矩、定子电流及其磁链等的仿真波形.仿真结果验证了该控制方法具有较好的动态响应和较强的鲁棒性.     

一种新型极低速异步电机无速度传感器控制方法

提出了一种基于信号注入的新型极低速异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制方法.该方法通过注入低频定子电流信号得到转子位置角度误差,并进而估计电机转速.该方法不依赖于异步电机的非理想特性,仅由基波模型就可实现极低速段的转速估计.此外,该方法还具有较强的电机参数鲁棒性.仿真及实验结果证明,基于低频信号注入的方法可以很好地实现异步电机在极低速段的无速度传感器矢量控制.     

MRAS异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制低速性能的改善

异步电机驱动系统中,模型参考自适应(MRAS)无速度传感器矢量控制方法的应用,在低速范围受到定子电压误差的影响.尤其在电压型逆变器供电的情况下,定子电压给定值代替实际值,一定会产生幅值误差和直流偏置,直接影响低速运行的稳定性.为了提高异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制的低速性能,提出了一种定子电压幅值和直流偏置补偿办法.并且通过仿真实验验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

无传感器矢量控制系统及其速度估算的研究

基于同步轴系下的感应电动机电压磁链方程式,提出了一种感应电动机转子磁场定向的矢量控制方法,利用在同步轴系中q轴电流的误差信号实现对电动机速度的估算.在该无传感器矢量控制系统中,由于采用了经典的PI调节器,使得控制系统更为简单.最后利用MATLAB建立仿真模型,通过仿真验证了该控制系统具有良好的动态和静态性能.     

基于改进型MRAS无轴承异步电机矢量控制系统转速辨识研究

以改进电压模型转子磁链为基础,构建了无轴承异步电机转子磁链定向无速度传感器矢量控制系统。MATLAB/Simulink仿真结果表明:与传统方法相比,所提出的改进电压模型转子磁链提高了转子磁链的观测精度;同时,基于无轴承异步电机转子磁链定向无速度传感器矢量控制系统,在空载调速和加载情况下,辨识转速和实测转速具有很好的一致性,电机能够稳定悬浮运行,充分验证了所提方案的有效性。     

Rotor resistance adaptation for sensorless vector-controlled induction machines

The vector control method is widely used for induction motor drives. In these applications, a rotational transducer such as a shaft encoder is used. A rotational transducer, however, cannot be mounted in some cases, such as motor drives in a hostile environment or high-speed motor drives. Several sensorless vector-controlled induction machine drive methods have been proposed. These methods have the disadvantage that rotor resistance variation causes errors in the estimation of the motor speed. It is difficult to estimate the motor speed and the rotor resistance simultaneously, because the equivalent rotor resistance is the ratio of the rotor resistance to the slip at steady state. Therefore, we have proposed a method of simultaneously estimating the motor speed and the rotor resistance of an induction motor by superimposing ac components on the field current command. This paper presents a modified method of the rotor resistance adaptation. The validity of the proposed method is verified by experiments. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 125(2): 65–72, 1998     

Speed estimation method for ultrahigh‐speed induction machine utilizing rotor slot harmonics appearing in neutral point voltage

Recently the development of power electronics technology has made it possible to realize ultrahigh‐speed drives, and ultrahigh‐speed drives promise to be useful in various applications. This research aims at sensorless control drive of an induction machine in the ultrahigh‐speed region by utilizing rotor slot harmonics, which occur due to the structure of the induction machine. In this paper, we focus on the slot harmonics which appear in the neutral point voltage, and we propose a method for detection of the slot harmonics voltage and a speed estimation method utilizing the FFT with limitation of the detection band. The effectiveness of the proposed method and the possibility of speed sensorless control with the proposed method are illustrated through speed estimation results obtained both offline and online. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 176(3): 59–68, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21120     

A generalized method of controlled voltage source-fed induction motor vector control using the observer theory

Vector control of induction motors is widely used for industrial applications. On-line parameter identification and speed sensorless control are being studied actively. A representative method for these problems is the application of an adaptive full-order observer. The rotor flux for vector control is estimated by a full-order observer and machine parameters, or the rotor speed is determined by an adaptive algorithm. In this paper, a new vector control scheme with parameter identification is proposed. This method is based on the adaptive full-order observer. However, the observed currents which are usually estimated in the voltage model are considered as command currents and the voltage model is used for the current controller. As a result, the proposed system is simpler than the conventional adaptive full-order observer system. Since the proposed system is composed of an induction motor model in a synchronously rotating reference frame, the well-known slip frequency control block is contained. The arrangement of the poles which are related to the torque transfer function is discussed. A linear model is derived taking into account the effects of the change of the stator and rotor resistances. The trajectories of poles and zeros of the torque transfer function are computed and discussed for various system parameters. Identification of stator and rotor resistances is confirmed by simulation using a nonlinear system model. The proposed idea is applied to a speed sensorless system; this system has a similar configuration to those of existing systems under some assumptions. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 119(4): 66–76, 1997     

新型磁链观测器在矢量控制系统的应用

本文介绍了一种改进的定子磁链观测方法,并在此基础上设计了转速估算器。磁链观测器和速度估算器结合起来应用于无速度传感器的矢量控制系统。通过Matlab仿真试验,得到转速、转矩、定子电流及其磁链等的仿真波形。仿真结果验证了该控制方法具有较好的动态响应和较强的鲁棒性。     

基于交互式MRAS策略的无轴承异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统

针对无轴承异步电机无速度传感器运行的需要,提出了一种交互式模型参考自适应系统的参数辨识方法,实现了转子速度和定子电阻的在线独立辨识。计算机仿真和实验结果表明,无轴承异步电机转矩绕组定子磁场定向的交互式模型参考自适应控制系统能在大负载扰动下实现无速度传感器方式的电机稳定悬浮运行,验证了本文所提方案的有效性。     

异步电动机低速时无速度传感器控制的一种新方案

介绍了一种新的简单的用于高性能异步电动机控制的定子电阻估算方法.利用旋转坐标沿定子电流矢量方向定向,可使定子电阻直接从异步电动机的数学模型中获得.通过电机在低速范围的运行,用无速度传感器直接磁场定向控制系统来检测提出的方法.控制系统用了两个观测器:一个是用于估计转子磁链的卡尔曼滤波观测器,另一个是用于辨识速度的模型参考自适应观测器.仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

磁通观测改进的无速度传感器DTC系统

针对定子电阻摄动与积分漂移对直接转矩控制(DTC)性能的影响,在分析直接转矩控制特点的基础上,推导了以电机有功功率为基础的定子电阻辨识算法与以反电动势为基础的定子磁链辨识算法,并将坐标系定向于定子电流矢量上推导出转速估计算法.以此建立的直接转矩控制系统,定子电阻辨识算法不依赖电机其他易变参数,转速估计中未使用转子电阻或转子时间常数;通过4kW感应电机无速度传感器DTC系统仿真试验表明,积分漂移得到有效抑制,估计速度与实际速度良好吻合,系统具有较好调速性能.     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的异步电机转速辨识

在异步电机控制基础上 ,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器将转子转速看成系统的一个状态量 ,根据定子侧可以测量的电流、电压值 ,逐步估计出转子转速 ,为研制无速度传感器控制打下基础。     

一种改进型异步电机直接转矩控制系统研究

在传统无速度传感器异步电机直接转矩控制系统基础之上进行了改进研究,将变结构控制和无速度传感器技术引入进来,设计电机定子磁链控制器和电磁转矩控制器,并应用Lyapunov第二方法推导出转子转速和定子电阻自适应辨识律.通过Matlab/Simulink的仿真,验证了改进后的系统比传统系统具有更好的动静态性能,并具有良好的鲁棒性.     

基于双参数模型参考自适应的感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制低速性能

提出了一种基于双参数模型参考自适应的感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制策略,可以同时进行转速辨识和定子电阻辨识,能够有效削弱低速时定子电阻变化对系统的影响,提高了系统的低速带载性能;推导了转速闭环系统的线性化小信号模型,利用根轨迹法分析了系统的稳定性及PI参数对系统性能的影响。对双参数模型参考自适应算法进行了实验验证,并与传统模型参考自适应算法进行了对比,实验结果验证了算法的有效性。     

一种用于异步电机无速度传感器控制的自适应滑模观测器

针对异步电机无速度传感器中存在的对参数变化鲁棒性差的问题,研究了一种基于自适应滑模观测器的异步电机无速度传感器的矢量控制方案。自适应滑模观测器根据电机静止坐标系下的数学模型构造了转子磁链观测器,定子电流观测值与实际值的误差构成观测器的滑模面,在滑模运动下该观测器的观测值最终趋近于实际值,从而实现转子磁链的估计。电机转速由自适应方法估算得到,滑模观测器的稳定性可由李雅普诺夫稳定性证明。与其他方案相比,该方法的优点在于实现简单,对参数变化具有鲁棒性。仿真和实验对控制方案的正确性和可行性给出了验证,该观测器可以实现对转子磁链和转速的观测,且在负载扰动和给定转速变化的情况下该滑模观测器具有鲁棒性。     

Braking Scheme for Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives Equipped With Diode Rectifier Without Braking Resistor

This paper deals with sensorless vector control of pulsewidth-modulated inverter-fed induction motor drives equipped with a three-phase diode rectifier. An electronically controlled braking resistor across the dc link is not used. Instead, the power regenerated during braking is dissipated in the motor while a dc-link overvoltage controller limits the braking torque. Losses in the motor are increased by an optimum flux-braking controller, maximizing either the stator voltage or the stator current depending on the speed. Below the rated speed, the braking times are comparable to those achieved using a braking resistor. The proposed braking scheme is very simple and causes no additional torque ripple. Experimental results obtained using a 2.2-kW induction motor drive show that the proposed scheme works well.