优化葡萄籽油的提取工艺研究

本研究以单因素实验结果为依据,采用三元二次旋转组合设计及响应曲面分析法,研究了以时间、温度、料液比为参考因素,对葡萄籽中葡萄籽油提取率的影响。试验结果表明:最佳提取温度69.02℃,提取时间为27.24min,料液比1∶8.42(g/mL),在此工艺条件下葡萄籽油的提取率可以达到13.67%。为提取葡萄籽油的工业化生产提供了有力的理论依据。     

响应面法优化红果参油的提取工艺

采用响应面分析法(RSM)优化超声波辅助溶剂法提取红果参油的工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,选取料液比、超声时间、超声温度为因素,以提取率为响应值,应用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计建立数学模型进行响应面分析,优化提取条件。结果表明:最优提取条件为料液比(石油醚:物料)1∶5(g/mL),超声处理温度46℃,超声处理时间58min。在此条件下,红果参油的提取率为12.2%。     

碱提酸沉法提取玉米须芦丁的工艺优化

以玉米须为原料,采用碱提酸沉法提取玉米须芦丁,在单因素实验的基础上,分别通过正交实验和响应面法考察了料液比、水浴温度、水浴时间等因素对玉米须芦丁提取率的影响。结果表明:两种方法分析各因素对玉米须芦丁提取率的影响结果基本一致,即料液比水浴温度水浴时间。正交实验确定的最优工艺为:料液比1∶15(g∶mL)、水浴温度80℃、水浴时间40 min,玉米须芦丁提取率为5.8945%;响应面法确定的最优工艺为:料液比1∶17(g∶mL)、水浴温度85℃、水浴时间40 min,玉米须芦丁提取率为6.5328%。在响应面法确定的最优工艺条件下的玉米须芦丁提取率优于正交实验确定的最优工艺条件,因此,选择响应面法确定的最优工艺提取玉米须芦丁。     

响应曲面法优化刺山柑水溶性多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化性能研究

以刺山柑果实为原料,在单因素实验的基础上,选择提取温度、提取时间和液料比为影响因子,以刺山柑水溶性多糖提取率为响应值,应用Box-Behnken中心组合方法建立数学模型,利用响应曲面法确定超声辅助提取刺山柑水溶性多糖的优化工艺条件为：提取温度85℃、提取时间89 min、液料比30∶ 1（mL∶g）,在此条件下刺山柑水溶性多糖平均提取率为8.89％.提取得到的刺山柑水溶性多糖对羟基自由基（·OH）和超氧阴离子自由基（·O2-）均有一定的清除作用,具有一定的抗氧化活性.     

响应曲面法优化金银忍冬果中黄酮类化合物提取工艺

以金银忍冬果为原料,在单因素实验基础上,以液料比(体积质量比)、提取时间、乙醇体积分数为自变量,黄酮类物质提取率为响应值,根据Box-Behnken的中心组合实验设计原理,用响应曲面分析法对工艺过程进行优选,并对预测值的可靠性进行了验证,然后与溶剂回流法做了比较。实验结果表明,提取金银忍冬果中黄酮的最优工艺条件为:提取温度60℃、液料比18.6∶1 mL/g、时间1.32 h、乙醇体积分数71%;响应曲面法所得的优化条件与预测值吻合度较好,相同实验条件下,超声辅助提取法明显优于回流提取法,提取率更高。     

响应曲面法优化金银忍冬果中黄酮类化合物提取工艺

以金银忍冬果为原料,在单因素实验基础上,以液料比(体积质量比)、提取时间、乙醇体积分数为自变量,黄酮类物质提取率为响应值,根据Box-Behnken的中心组合实验设计原理,用响应曲面分析法对工艺过程进行优选,并对预测值的可靠性进行了验证,然后与溶剂回流法做了比较。实验结果表明,提取金银忍冬果中黄酮的最优工艺条件为:提取温度60℃、液料比18.6∶1 mL/g、时间1.32 h、乙醇体积分数71%;响应曲面法所得的优化条件与预测值吻合度较好,相同实验条件下,超声辅助提取法明显优于回流提取法,提取率更高。     

长柄扁桃种仁蛋白质提取工艺研究

主要考察提取条件对于长柄扁桃蛋白质提取率的影响,先考察种仁是否脱皮、脱脂对蛋白质提取率的影响,后以长柄扁桃蛋白质提取率为因变量,以提取温度、提取液浓度、料液比、提取时间为自变量,通过单因素实验法得到最佳的提取工艺参数。结果表明,长柄扁桃蛋白提取的最佳工艺参数为:不脱皮,不脱脂,提取液浓度为0.02 mol/L,料液比为1∶15,温度40℃,匀浆120 s,长柄扁桃蛋白提取率最高可达到89.82%。     

超声波法提取陕北小米米糠油的工艺优化

为了研究提取小米糠油的最佳工艺条件,以陕北小米米糠为原料,用超声波法并通过响应曲面法(RSM)来分析并优化出最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明米糠油的最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶4.5(g/m L)、超声时间37 min、超声温度60℃,在此条件下得到小米糠油的提取率是9.74%。     

响应面法优化甜叶菊糖苷超声提取工艺

以甜叶菊干叶为原料,采用超声法提取甜叶菊糖苷,探讨了提取次数、提取温度、超声时间和液料比对糖苷提取率的影响。通过单因素和响应面法确定最佳提取工艺条件为:提取次数2次,超声时间31 min,液料比30∶1,提取温度64℃,甜叶菊糖苷提取率可达到11.24%。     

响应曲面法优化红花龙胆中芒果苷的提取工艺

目的:优化红花龙胆中芒果苷的提取工艺。方法:在单因素实验的基础上,采用中心复合试验,考察提取温度(℃)、乙醇浓度(%)、料液比(g/m L)和提取时间(min)等因素对芒果苷提取率的影响,优化提取工艺。结果:通过响应曲面分析,结合生产实际,优化得到的提取工艺为:提取温度80℃,提取时间30 min,乙醇浓度60%,料液比1∶9(g/m L),在此条件下,芒果苷提取率为1.54%。     

利用水解酶提取文冠果油脂

采用3种酶对文冠果种仁进行水酶法提油,其中Alcalase 2.4 L蛋白酶的效果最好. 在Alcalase 2.4 L蛋白酶用量为0.02 mL/g的条件下,通过单因素实验和Box-Behnken中心组合实验,应用SAS软件分析得出水酶法提取文冠果油脂的最佳工艺条件为：温度55℃, pH 9, 固液比1 g:6 mL, 水解时间4 h,在此条件下油脂提取率和蛋白水解度分别达到78.67%和9.15%.     

响应面法优化文冠果油脱色工艺的研究

探讨了文冠果油用复合脱色剂（活性白土／活性炭）脱色的工艺条件。在单因素实验的基础上。以脱色温度、脱色时间、脱色剂用量和搅拌速率为自变量,脱色率为响应值,采用Box,Behnken实验设计方法,考察各、变量及其交互作用对脱色率的影响,利用Design Expert软件模拟得到回归方程的预测模型。确定丈冠果油的最佳脱色条件为：脱色温度50℃、脱色时间31min、脱色剂用量4％、搅拌速率19r·min^-1,在此条件下,脱色率为90．38％。     

利用有机溶剂提取微藻油脂的方法探究

在传统化石能源日益枯竭的趋势下,微藻生物柴油作为第三代绿色可再生的替代型能源越来越受到人们的重视.在微藻生物柴油的产业链上,油脂的提取是影响其推广应用的一个关键环节.本文实验利用有机溶剂提取微藻油脂,探究在不同的条件下微藻油脂的提取效果,并特别研究了先后使用甲醇和石油醚两种有机溶剂对微藻油脂提取率的影响.研究结果表明:温度、液料比、浸提时间对提取效率都有一定的影响,并且使用甲醇和石油醚两种溶剂分步提取时会使微藻油脂提取率明显提高;在液料比为15mL/g、提取温度为45℃、提取时间为5h时,使用石油醚作为提取剂的提取率为58.71%;使用甲醇溶剂提取后再使用石油醚提取时,在液料比和提取时间相同的条件下,温度为35℃时提取率即可达87.90%     

响应面优化淫羊藿抗氧化多酚超声提取工艺

以总多酚得率和DPPH自由基清除率为指标,采用响应面设计法优化淫羊藿抗氧化活性多酚超声提取工艺。结果表明以多酚得率为指标时,最佳工艺条件为：57％乙醇,料液比28 mL／g,在50℃下超声提取25 min,总多酚得率为34．58 mg／g;以DPPH自由基清除率为指标时,最佳工艺条件为：58％乙醇,料液比30 mL／g,在50℃下超声提取22 min, DPPH自由基清除率为88．4％。     

黑龙江省探讨生物质能源林基地建设的必要性及可行性

生物质能源树种文冠果的自然分布地区虽然不在黑龙江省,但是在20世纪70年代,黑龙江省林业工作者,就陆续开展了引种繁育和研究工作,在黑龙江省牡丹江地区、双鸭山地区、肇东地区等均有成功栽培的先例,哈尔滨市将其作为城市园林绿化树种引入市区栽培,其生长状况表现良好.黑龙江省林业科学院肇东实验林场于1999年,在轻度盐碱地栽培文冠果实验取得成功,为黑龙江省松嫩平原区轻度盐碱地改造,提供了优选品种.黑龙江省要抓住国家能源战略需求、地方经济发展和林区产业结构调整与技术进步的历史机遇,通过建立充足、清洁、经济和安全的可持续发展能源结构,以及通过合理布局和科学规划,尽快建立黑龙江省生物质能源林基地,科学、高效地利用和开发生物质能源.     

Canola Oil with High Antioxidant Content Obtained by Combining Emerging Technologies: Microwave,Ultrasound, and a Green Solvent

In this work, the ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of canola oil from canola seeds pretreated with microwaves using ethanol 99% as solvent is studied. Different process parameters are evaluated, such as extraction time, temperature, solid:solvent ratio, and ultrasound amplitude, optimizing the process using response surface methodology. Under optimum conditions, the extraction time is decreased by up to 75% with respect to conventional extractions, obtaining an oil with a higher content of total tocopherols and canolol, and with oxidation indexes within the established standard limits. The addition of a microwave pretreatment to the UAE with ethanol 99% shows a synergic effect between both processes, improving the oil yield. The results obtained in this study show the potential of the use of UAE for the extraction of canola oil using a green solvent, reducing processing times, environmental pollution, and achieving an oil of high quality and antioxidant concentration. Practical Application: The industrial use of petroleum‐derived solvents such as hexane has problems concerning sustainability, environment, and safety. In recent years, the use of “green” solvents for the extraction of vegetable oils began to be studied; however, it is necessary to develop stages that allow improving the extraction process by increasing the yield, reducing the processing times, and optimizing the oil quality. In this sense, ultrasound allows to shorten the extraction times while microwave pretreatments applied to canola seeds generate an increase in the concentration of antioxidants in the oil, facilitating the implementation of a “green” process in the industrial production.     

Antioxidant Activity and Total Polyphenols Content of Camellia Oil Extracted by Optimized Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

In this study, Camellia oil is co-extracted from Camellia oleifera seeds and green tea scraps by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂), which is optimized on the extraction yield, ABTS-scavenging activity, and total polyphenols content (TPC) of oil by single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction temperature, pressure, dynamic time, carbon dioxide (CO₂) flow rate, and seed mass ratio were investigated with single-factor experiments. The results indicated the optimum CO₂ flow rate and dynamic extraction time were 15 L hour⁻¹ and 60 min (i.e., 2.382 kg CO₂/100 g sample). Furthermore, the complicated effects of extraction temperature (40–50 °C), pressure (20–30 MPa), and seed mass ratio (0.25–0.75) were optimized by RSM based on the Box–Behnken design (BBD). The models with high R-squared values were obtained and used to predict the optimum operating conditions of the process. Under the optimum operating conditions (i.e., temperature of 46 °C, pressure of 30 MPa, and seed mass ratio of 0.35), the extraction yield, ABTS-scavenging activity, and TPC of oil were 14.43 ± 0.17 g/100 g sample, 73.70 ± 0.34%, and 2.18 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g oil, which were in good agreement with the predicted values. In addition, the experiments indicated that the Camellia oil obtained was rich in polyphenols, resulting in better oxidation stability and antioxidant activity than the original oil.     

Supercritical extraction of evening primrose oil: Experimental optimization via response surface methodology

Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) effective extraction parameters (pressure, temperature, static extraction time, and dynamic extraction time) of oil recovery from evening primrose seeds were optimized via response surface methodology (RSM). The results of this study indicated that the linear terms of static and dynamic time and the quadratics of temperature and pressure, as well as the interactions of temperature and static time, pressure and temperature had a significant effect on the oil recovery. The optimum extraction conditions of 14.2 MPa, 47.3°C, 30 min (static extraction time) and 150 min (dynamic extraction time) were obtained. Applying the optimum conditions, a mean experimental recovery of 92.98% (triplicate experiment) was achieved, which is well compatible with the RSM‐predicted value (93.61%). The fatty acid composition of extracted evening primrose oil using supercritical CO₂ was compared with that obtained by Soxhlet method in which minor difference was observed. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

葡萄籽油浸提工艺的研究

以葡萄酒厂副产品葡萄籽为原料,石油醚（30～60℃）为浸提剂,利用索氏提取器提取葡萄籽油。考察了粉碎粒度、料液比、浸提浴温、浸提时间对葡萄籽油提取率的影响。结果表明：葡萄籽粉碎粒度为60目,料液比（g/mL）1∶6,浸提浴温80℃,浸提时间120 min时葡萄籽精油提取率为14.86%。实验制得葡萄籽油理化指标均符合国家食用油标准。     

正交试验法优化橡胶籽油的提取工艺

采用溶剂法提取橡胶籽油,在单因素试验的基础上,用正交试验优化橡胶籽油的提取工艺。结果表明,橡胶籽油的最佳提取工艺为:提取溶剂为石油醚(60~90 ℃),原料粒度 0.90 mm 的橡胶籽 20 g,液料比7:1 (mL:g),提取温度 75 ℃,提取时间 8 h,此时橡胶籽油的得率为 35.17%。