响应曲面法优化金银忍冬果中黄酮类化合物提取工艺

以金银忍冬果为原料,在单因素实验基础上,以液料比(体积质量比)、提取时间、乙醇体积分数为自变量,黄酮类物质提取率为响应值,根据Box-Behnken的中心组合实验设计原理,用响应曲面分析法对工艺过程进行优选,并对预测值的可靠性进行了验证,然后与溶剂回流法做了比较。实验结果表明,提取金银忍冬果中黄酮的最优工艺条件为:提取温度60℃、液料比18.6∶1 mL/g、时间1.32 h、乙醇体积分数71%;响应曲面法所得的优化条件与预测值吻合度较好,相同实验条件下,超声辅助提取法明显优于回流提取法,提取率更高。     

响应曲面法优化超声辅助提取油菜籽皮中的原花青素

以乙醇为提取剂,用超声辅助的方法从油菜籽皮中提取了原花青素。在讨论了提取剂体积分数、提取时间、液料比(每克原料加入提取剂的毫升数,简称液料比,以下同)和超声波功率等单因素实验的基础上,运用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应曲面法分析了提取剂体积分数、提取时间和液料比3个因素对原花青素提取率的影响,并优化了提取工艺。结果表明,最佳的工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数62.9%,提取时间20.8 min,液料比25 mL/g。在该条件下,原花青素提取率的预测值为5.055 mg/g,验证实验值为5.02 mg/g,说明响应曲面法优化油菜籽皮中原花青素提取工艺是可行的。     

回流法提取银杏叶总黄酮的研究

研究了乙醇回流法提取银杏叶总黄酮的工艺条件。通过单因素实验考察料液比、乙醇体积分数、提取时间、提取温度对银杏叶总黄酮提取率的影响,通过正交实验确定优化的提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶45(g∶mL)、乙醇体积分数50%、提取时间2.0h、提取温度70℃,在此条件下,银杏叶总黄酮提取率为0.918%。以优化的工艺条件为基础进一步运用微波辅助提取银杏叶总黄酮,发现在微波功率为640W时,采用间歇式提取,提取时间为15×10s,总黄酮提取率达到0.91%,接近传统方法提取3h的提取率。     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取金银花中绿原酸

采用超声辅助乙醇从金银花中提取绿原酸,通过单因素实验考察pH值、料液比、乙醇体积分数和提取时间对绿原酸提取率的影响,采用响应面法优化提取工艺条件。确定最佳工艺条件为:pH值5.2、提取时间21min、乙醇体积分数63%、料液比1∶13.5(g∶mL)。在该优化条件下,绿原酸的提取率达到10.862%。     

Box-Behnken响应面法优化藤梨根总黄酮超声提取工艺

目的:优化藤梨根总黄酮超声提取工艺。方法:超声提取药材,利用分光光度计法于510 nm波长处测定总黄酮含量,运用Design-Expert 8.0.6 Trial软件建立以总黄酮提取率作响应值,液料比、乙醇体积分数和提取时间为三因素的Box-Behnken响应面并进行多元二次回归分析。结果:最佳提取工艺条件为液料比12.45,乙醇体积分数78.09%,提取时间39.66 min,总黄酮的提取率为7.49%,与预测值7.58%偏差1.19%。结论:该工艺稳定可行,可用于藤梨根中总黄酮的工业化生产。     

响应面法优化玫瑰总黄酮超声提取工艺

采用超声法提取苦水玫瑰总黄酮,选取液料比、乙醇体积分数和提取时间3个因子,应用Box-behnken响应面分析、优化工艺条件。结果表明,超声提取黄酮成分的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数46%,液料比36∶1,提取时间5.7 min。在该工艺条件下总黄酮提取率达9.42%。     

响应面法优化刺玫果总黄酮超声辅助酶法提取工艺

以刺玫果总黄酮提取率为考核指标,采用单因素实验考察酶种类及用量、乙醇体积分数、溶液pH值、料液比、提取温度、提取时间、超声功率、超声温度、超声时间、提取方式等对提取效果的影响;在此基础上,采用响应面法优化刺玫果总黄酮的超声辅助酶法提取工艺,确定最优工艺条件为:纤维素酶用量15 mg·g~(-1)、乙醇体积分数60%、溶液pH值5、料液比1∶15(g∶mL)、提取温度50℃、提取时间2.0 h、超声功率450 W、超声温度50℃、超声时间40 min,在此条件下,刺玫果总黄酮提取率达到128.6 mg·g~(-1)。     

正交试验优化半仿生提取刺梨果渣中黄酮的研究

目的：优选半仿生法提取刺梨果渣黄酮的工艺条件。方法：采用单因素结合正交试验，考查乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取温度、提取时间对刺梨果渣黄酮提取率的影响。结果：半仿生法提取刺梨果渣中黄酮的最佳工艺条件为：乙醇体积分数60%、料液比1∶15(g∶mL)、提取温度80℃、提取时间分别是70,35,35 min,该工艺条件下刺梨果渣黄酮提取率为0.58%。结论：所建立的提取工艺操作简单、提取率高，可用于刺梨果渣中黄酮的提取，为综合开发刺梨加工副产物刺梨果渣提供了参考依据。     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取杜鹃花黄酮工艺的研究

利用响应面法对超声提取杜鹃花黄酮类成分的工艺条件进行优化。在对乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间单因子实验的基础上,根据中心组合设计原理,采用三因子三水平的响应面分析法,在分析各个因素的显著性和交互作用后,得出超声辅助提取杜鹃花黄酮的最优工艺条件:乙醇的体积分数为74.08%,料液比为20.58∶1,提取时间为32.48 min,此时黄酮平均提取率为8.758%。     

响应面法优选桃儿七中的鬼臼毒素的超声提取工艺

以桃儿七为原料,采用超声提取的方法提取鬼臼毒素,考察了超声提取时间、乙醇体积分数、料液比和超声功率等因素对提取工艺的影响,并通过响应面法进行工艺优化,得到提取过程优化的工艺条件：乙醇体积分数为55.43%、料液比为1∶9.97、超声时间和功率分别为49.87 min和206.71 W。最佳条件下的验证实验表明：桃儿七鬼臼毒素提取率13.36%,浸膏纯度为2.78%。拟合得到的模型较好的符合实际。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

粉煤灰中烧失量检测的不确定度分析

以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

分解炉扩径的技术改造

我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉     

Process of acceleration of filtration of viscose

Conclusions It is significant that the purification on a single passage of viscose through porous ceramic corresponds to the result of a two-stage filtration of it in industrial filter-presses with standard fillings.Kiev Combine. Kiev Technological Institute of Light Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 20–22, May–June, 1969.