四氢大麻酚酸检测试纸条的研制

目的 利用胶体金免疫层析技术对因药物滥用致使尿液中产生的四氢大麻酚酸检测试纸条进行研制。方法 采用柠檬酸三钠法还原氯金酸制备胶体金。结果 确立了制备四氢大麻酚酸检测试纸条的最佳条件: 标记10 ?g/mL的抗四氢大麻酚酸单克隆抗体, 将金标抗体按喷量2.0 ?L/cm喷涂在已处理的聚酯膜上, 最后将四氢大麻酚酸-牛血清白蛋白结合物和羊抗鼠按0.5 mg/mL、1.0 mg/mL包被在硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜)上, 经过37 ℃烘箱干燥16 h, 组装制备成四氢大麻酚酸检测试纸条。结论 这种方法能在3~5 min内快速检测出尿液中残留的最小浓度为50 ng/mL的四氢大麻酚酸。     

T-2毒素胶体金免疫层析快速检测试纸条的研制

应用胶体金免疫层析技术,研制出一种快速检测T-2毒素的方法。采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备20 nm胶体金,标记抗T-2毒素多克隆抗体并喷于玻璃纤维上,T-2毒素偶联抗原和羊抗兔二抗分别结合于硝酸纤维素膜上,经过试纸条层析条件优化,依次将样本垫、金标结合释放垫、硝酸纤维膜和吸水纸组装切割成胶体金试纸条。测试结果表明T-2毒素快速检测试纸条的灵敏度为50μg/L,检测时间为10 min,批内和批间重复性好,保存期为3个月。使用简单方便,非常适合现场快速检测T-2毒素。     

胶体金免疫层析法快速检测动物组织中残留的喹乙醇

研制胶体金免疫层析法试纸条,用于动物源食品中喹乙醇药物残留的快速检测。将已制备纯化过的喹乙醇多克隆抗体与胶体金结合产生的金标抗体喷涂在玻璃纤维垫上,并将包被抗原OLA-OVA和羊抗鼠二抗分别结合在硝酸纤维素膜上,组装成免疫层析快速检测试纸条,并检测试纸条的灵敏度、特异性、准确性和稳定性。将制备的试纸条用于检测猪肉和猪肝样品,结果表明本研究制备的试纸条可以在10min内完成检测,肉眼观察的最低检测限为0.05μg/m L,与其结构类似物卡巴氧、乙酰甲喹、3-甲基-喹噁啉-2-羟酸的反应交叉性小,该试纸条假阳性率小于5%,假阴性率为0,在干燥常温条件下保存6个月仍然有效。本实验研究的检测方法可应用于动物组织中喹乙醇的快速检测和现场筛查。     

氟甲喹胶体金免疫层析试纸条研究

选择氟甲喹(FLU)作为目标物,制备能够特异性识别氟甲喹的多克隆抗体,建立氟甲喹的胶体金标记免疫层析分析方法。胶体金颗粒的粒径为20 nm;金标抗体连接的最佳p H值为8.5、最适抗体量为20μg/m L;捕获抗体的包被浓度为0.5 mg/m L,二抗1∶200倍稀释,选择Milllipore HF135s硝酸纤维膜作为固相载体,金标抗体1∶10稀释喷涂到金标垫上;在最优条件下组装试纸条,将金标抗体铺在结合释放垫上的组装方式其方法检出限为20μg/L;选择鸡肉、牛肉、猪肉、鱼肉、虾肉、猪肝和牛奶7种实际样品进行添加回收试验,样品检出限为50μg/L。     

伏马菌素B_1胶体金免疫层析快速检测试纸条的研制

目的:为制备一种快速检测玉米中伏马菌素B_1(FB_1)胶体金免疫层析试纸条。方法:采用碳化二亚胺法合成检测抗原FB_1-BSA,柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金溶液,辛酸-饱和硫酸铵法对抗FB_1单克隆抗体腹水进行纯化,将金标抗体喷于金标垫,检测抗原FB_1-BSA(T线)和羊抗鼠二抗(C线)喷涂于硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜)。结果:得到的单克隆抗体效价为1.28×105。该试纸条的NC膜喷涂的检测抗原浓度为200μg/m L,羊抗鼠二抗浓度为1.0 mg/mL,喷涂量分别为0.74μL/cm,试纸条灵敏度为20 ng/mL,检测时间只需5 min,试纸条于4℃至少可保存12个月。结论:采用制备的试纸条对玉米实际样品进行检测,检测结果与高效液相和酶联免疫吸附法检测结果相一致,说明该试纸条适合现场快速检测伏马菌素B_1。     

胶体金免疫层析法测定牛羊肉中掺杂鸡肉

目的建立胶体金免疫层析法快速检测牛羊肉中掺杂鸡肉的方法。方法采用柠檬酸三钠制备胶体金溶液,以真空干燥的方式制备有金标抗体的微孔试剂,将鸡IgY包被于硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜)的检测线(T线),兔抗羊抗体包被于硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜)的质控线(C线),向硝酸纤维素膜依次贴上吸水纸和样品垫,切条组装成试纸条。样品经磷酸盐处理,加入至金标抗体的微孔中,用试纸条检测,胶体金分析仪检测T/C线的颜色信号。结果该方法对牛羊肉中掺入鸡肉的检出限为3%,重复性和特异性较好,其他动物组织对其无干扰,检测时间仅需要15 min。结论该方法操作简便,具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,适用于牛羊肉中掺杂鸡肉的现场快速筛查和检测。     

基于单克隆抗体的胶体金免疫层析法快速检测丁香酚

目的 采用免疫层析技术对丁香酚残留的胶体金免疫层析快速检测试纸条的制备开展研究。方法 用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金纳米颗粒, 标记丁香酚单克隆抗体得到胶体金-丁香酚单克隆抗体复合物。以硝化纤维素膜为固相载体, 包被丁香酚-BSA偶联物为检测带(T带), 羊抗鼠IgG为质控带(C带), 建立了丁香酚的胶体金免疫层析快速检测试纸条。结果 胶体金免疫层析试纸条具有较高的灵敏度和特异性, 检出限为2.0 mg/L。结论 本研究所开发的胶体金免疫层析试纸条可作为快速测定丁香酚的可靠、低成本的方法。     

硝苯地平免疫胶体金探针的制备

目的优化硝苯地平药物的免疫胶体金探针的制备条件。方法采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金溶液,采用紫外分光光度法在400~700 nm处测定胶体金溶液吸光度,判断胶体金颗粒大小。调整标记胶体金溶液p H、抗体蛋白量以及复溶液等因素,试制试纸条并进行加标验证实验,确定制备免疫胶体金探针的最优条件。结果实验制备胶体金颗粒大小在20~40 nm;最佳制备条件为:单抗标记p H为9.0,单抗标记量为5.0μL,复溶液为0.5 mol/L Tris(p H 9.0,含0.5%Tween20)。经加标实验验证,试纸条的检测灵敏度可以达到设计要求。结论硝苯地平免疫胶体金探针的制备条件优化,可为下一步制作高质量的免疫胶体金试纸条提供技术准备,可应用于对食品中非法添加硝苯地平的快速检测。     

胶体金免疫层析法快速检测烟叶中三唑酮残留量

[目的] 应用胶体金免疫层析技术建立一种快速检测烟叶中三唑酮残留量的方法。 [方法] 采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,并将其与抗三唑酮抗体标记制备得金标抗体。三唑酮-OVA偶联物和残留量羊抗鼠IgG抗体分别结合于醋酸纤维膜上,依次将样品垫、醋酸纤维膜和吸水纸组装,切割成胶体金试纸条。 [结果] 测试结果表明,三唑酮胶体金试纸条检测烟叶中三唑酮、三唑醇残留量的灵敏度为1mg/kg,检测时间为5~10 min,特异性高,重复性好,与气相色谱-串联质谱检测法符合率为98%。      

高灵敏黄曲霉毒素B1免疫层析定量检测法的建立

以胶体金为标记物,借助于胶体金读取仪,建立了高灵敏的定量检测黄曲霉毒素B_1的胶体金免疫层析方法。试纸条制备时,当标记溶液pH为6.0,检测线全抗原的使用浓度为1.5mg/mL,金标抗体浓度为4μg/mL、用量为1.2μL时,所建立方法的灵敏度为5.7ng/L。通过加速保存试验,结果显示该试纸条的保存期大于1年。该试纸条应用于实际谷物及酱油加标样本检测,证明该方法可满足食品快速检测的需要。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.