阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征正压通气治疗前后肾功能和电解质的变化

目的：观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)正压通气治疗前后肾功能和电解质的变化情况。方法：通过测定血K^ 、Na^ 、Cl^-；尿K^ 、Na^ 、Cl^-、自由肌酐清除率(Ccr)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-mG)、夜间尿量等分别观察OSAS患者肾小球滤过功能及近、远端肾小管钠水重吸收功能。结果：OSAS治疗组20例治疗前夜尿量、夜尿K^ 、Na^ 、Cl^-均高于正常，与最低血氧饱和度(LsaO2)、最长呼吸暂停时间(LAT)的严重性呈正比关系。治疗组经一整夜正压通气(nCPAP)治疗后仪尿量及尿液中K^ 、Na^ 、Cl^-恢复正常。结沦：严重的OSAS确实累及肾脏，但没有导致肾脏实质性损害。     

OSAS患者血、尿β_2微球蛋白测定及其意义

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)是临床上可累及多器官、多系统的一种具有潜在危险的常见病症。肾脏常易被累及 ,表现为夜尿增多、尿钠浓度的升高等肾功能改变。β2 微球蛋白被用于检测肾功能 ,认为是评价肾小管功能非常敏感的指标。我们采用放射免疫法检测了 3 0例OSAS患者血、尿β2 微球蛋白 ( β2 -MG)的浓度 ,旨在探讨其在OSAS患者肾损害中的临床意义。现报告如下 :1　资料与方法1 .1　病例来源3 0例OSAS患者均为我院 2 0 0 1年 1 1月至2 0 0 2年 6月间经多导睡眠图 (PSG)监测确诊的病人 ,男 2 5例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 45± 6岁。…     

nCPAP治疗对OSAS合并高血压患者血压节律和胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的 探讨经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者血压节律和胰岛素抵抗的影响.方法 随机抽取中重度OSAS合并高血压患者62例,分为nCPAP治疗组(32例)与应用常规药物治疗对照组(30例),观察治疗前与治疗后2组患者多导睡眠图(PSG)参数、动态血压、空腹血糖、空腹血浆胰岛素以及胰岛素敏感性指数等多项指标的变化.结果 在nCPAP治疗组,与治疗前比较,nCPAP治疗后患者PSG参数明显改善(P＜0.01),血压明显下降(P＜0.01),动态血压昼夜节律消失发生率明显下降(78.1%vs28.1%,P＜0.01);治疗后3个月时胰岛素敏感性指数明显提高(0.019±0.008 vs 0.015±0.006,P＜0.01).对照组上述参数治疗前后均无变化.结论 nCPAP治疗OSAS,不但可以纠正患者的呼吸暂停,改善临床症状,而且可以降低患者的血压,改善患者血压昼夜节律,提高患者血浆胰岛素敏感性,有助于降低心血管疾病的发病风险,预防糖尿病的发生.     

悬雍垂腭咽成形术对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者夜间多尿症状的影响

目的：手术治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者夜间多尿症状的影响。方法：24例多导睡眠图(PSG)确诊的 OSAHS 患者，记录 UPPP 手术治疗前后的夜尿次数、夜尿量、夜尿渗透压和夜尿钠排泄量，测定其中18例患者治疗前后夜间(23小时、02时、05时)心钠素(ANP)水平。结果：①UPPP 手术治疗后 OSAHS 患者夜尿次数明显减少(P＜0.01)。②夜尿量由(0.068±0.018)L/h降至(0.048±0.012)L/h(P＜0.01)。③UPPP 手术治疗后 OSAHS 患者夜尿渗透压由(388±86)mmol/L 明显增高至(580±189)mmol/L(P＜0.05)。④18例患者 UPPP 手术治疗前后的夜间 ANP 平均水平分别为(148±14)ng/L和(108±10)ng/L,两者相比差异有显著性(P＜0.01)。⑤18例测定 ANP 患者在 UPPP 手术治疗后 ANP降低值与该患者夜尿量降低值、夜尿渗透压增高值、夜尿钠排泄量减少值均有显著的正相关，相关系数分别为0.88、0.86、0.84(P均＜0.01)。结论：UPPP 手术可明显减少 OSAHS 患者夜尿次数和夜尿量，减少夜尿钠排泄量，增加夜尿渗透压，这些改变可能与 ANP 水平降低有关。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者睡眠前后的血压变化

目的　观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)患者睡眠前后的血压变化。方法　对5 8例患者行多导睡眠图 (PSG)检查及睡前、睡醒后肘部血压测定 ,选取呼吸紊乱指数 (RDI)≥ 5的 34例OSAS患者为OSAS组 ,RDI <5的 2 4例为对照组 ,比较相关指标。结果　OSAS组睡眠前、睡醒后收缩压、舒张压比较差异有显著性 ,OSAS组醒后血压明显高于睡前血压 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而对照组睡眠前后血压无明显变化 ,OSAS组最低血氧饱和度较对照组明显降低。结论　OSAS患者可出现睡醒后血压升高 ,这可能是部分高血压的病因 ,经鼻持续气道正压 (nCPAP)治疗有利于高血压的降低     

中药降糖调脂活血汤对糖尿病肾病肾功能的影响

目的 探讨降糖调脂活血汤对糖尿病肾功能的影响.方法 采用随机对照方法,将符合诊断标准的糖尿病肾病98例分为治疗组和对照组.治疗组50例,口服降糖西药加服降糖调脂活血汤;对照组48例,单服降糖西药.2组观察2个月,检测24 h尿蛋白定量、尿微白蛋白排泄率(uAE)、尿α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、血一氧化氮(NO)、尿N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG酶)、血β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、血肌酐(Scr)等肾功能指标.结果 治疗组尿UAE、尿α1-MG、尿NAG酶、血β2-MG、血肌酐较本组治疗前和对照组治疗后均有明显下降,差别有显著性意义(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),肌酐清除率(Ccr)和血NO有明显上升,差别有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论 降糖调脂活血汤对糖尿病肾病患者各项肾损害实验指标有明显的改善作用.     

视黄醇结合蛋白与肾小管间质受损的相关性研究

目的:揭示尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)含量与肾小管间质受损的关系及其临床意义.方法:选择1 353例健康人群及186例经肾活检确诊的各种肾脏病患者为研究对象,均进行肌酐清除率(Ccr)、肌酐(Cr)、RBP、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、尿比重(SG)、尿渗透压等项目的测定...     

经鼻持续正压通气联合雌激素替代治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的探讨经鼻持续正压通气(nCPAP)联合雌激素(ESG)替代治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的临床效果。方法43例OSAHS女性绝经患者根据治疗方式不同分为2组,观察组25例给予nCPAP联合ESG替代疗法,对照组18例只给予nCPAP治疗,对2组治疗前后多道睡眠图(PSG)结果进行比较。结果2组治疗后PSG各项指标与治疗前比较均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗效果明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论nCPAP联合ESG替代治疗对女性绝经患者OSAHS有明显的疗效。     

过渡性气道内正压通气治疗睡眠呼吸暂停综合征

目的 观察睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）患者应用经鼻气道正压通气（nCPAP)治疗的依从性。方法 25例OSAS患者和8例肥胖性低通气综合征（OHS）患者,在多导睡眠监测仪（PSG）监测下使用nCPAP治疗,对治疗开始不能耐受或治疗失败者,改用经鼻双水平正压通气（nBiPAP)。经1周或1个月治疗后,逐渐过渡到nCPAP。结果 （1）OHS组有较高的BMI、PaCO2,较低的FEV1、FEV1／FVC、PaO2与OSAS组比有明显差异性,P＜0．01,但两组AHI差异不明显。（2）33例患者均用nCPAP治疗,24例成功,9例（2例OSAS和7例OHS）失败改用nBiPAP治疗。两种方法治疗前后各指标比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01,P＜0．01）,组间无差异。9例治疗失败改用nBiPAP治疗后再过渡到nCPAP治疗的各项指标比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05,P＞0．05）。结论 nCPAP是治疗OSAS的一种有效方法,如果睡眠呼吸障碍并存在低通气或严重的高碳酸血症时,nBiPAP治疗可能是一种有效并易耐受的过渡方法,患者依从性良好。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对肾脏功能影响的临床观察

目的：研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）病人肾脏功能的改变。方法：经多导睡眠图确诊的19例轻一中度OSAS病人,14例重度OSAS病人及21例非OSAS对照者,比较其血尿素氮,肌酐,内生肌酐清除率,24h尿蛋白以及夜尿量,夜尿渗透压和夜尿尿的排泄量,16例OSAS病人经持续气道正压（CPAP）治疗后再比较上述指标。结果：各组OSAS病人血尿素氮,肌酐,内生肌酐清除率及24h尿蛋白与对照组相比无显著性差异;OSAS组病人夜尿量,夜尿钠排泄量较对照组增多,夜尿渗透压则降低,并且重度OSAS组较轻－中度OSAS组上述指标改变更加明显;CPAP治疗可纠正上述改变,结论：阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对肾小球滤过功能和24h尿蛋白无显著影响。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对肾脏功能影响的表现为夜尿量,夜尿钠排泄量增多和夜尿渗透压降低;CPAP治疗可以迅速缓解上述表现。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.