以乙型肝炎病毒为载体的基因治疗研究

目的 探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)作为肝靶向性基因治疗载体的可能性。方法 用外源报告基因绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)取代HBV S基因读码框构建重组HBV载体,通过脂质体转染HepG2细胞,荧光显微镜下观察外源基因的表达,半巢式聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测细胞核内HBV 共价闭合环状DNA构型,常规PCR和Southern杂交检测上清液重组病毒DNA。结累 携带外源基因GFP的重组HBV载体能够在肝细胞内表达外源蛋白,此重组载体为复制缺损型,单独转染后不能在肝细胞包装与复制,在缺失包装信号ε的辅助HBV质粒下可被包装成携带外源基因的成熟重组HBV颗粒并分泌到胞外。结论 HBV可被改造成肝靶向性基因治疗载体。     

HBV C基因截短型突变体抗HBV作用研究

目的探讨C基因截短型HBV突变体对HBV复制的影响.方法构建C基因截短的HBV表达载体pHBV-ΔC,瞬时转染HepG2细胞,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）Western blot检测S蛋白的表达;酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）定量分析S蛋白的表达量.pHBV-ΔC与adwR9共转染HepG2细胞,以pcDNA3与adwR9共转染为对照,荧光定量PCR检测培养上清液及胞内病毒量.结果HBV C基因截短对S蛋白的表达量没有影响,pHBV-ΔC与adwR9共转染组上清液和细胞内病毒量较对照组降低.结论C基因截短型HBV突变体可导致HBV复制下降.     

adw亚型HBV突变体与ayw亚型辅助质粒之间相互包装的研究

目的探讨adw亚型HBV突变体与ayw亚型辅助质粒之间相互包装。方法构建C基因截短adw亚型HBV表达载体pHBV-ΔC。重组载体与ayw亚型辅助质粒pHBV3142共转染HepG2细胞。以与PGEm共转染为对照。用PCR检测细胞核内重组HBV载体cccDNA生成和培养上清中rcDNA的形成,用Native westernblot和Soutern blot检测重组HBV载体在辅助质粒pHBV3142辅助下的包装。结果在实验组细胞核内可检测到cccDNA、培养上清中可检测到rcDNA,对照组中无此结果。实验组Soutern blot见阳性信号而对照组无阳性信号。结论重组adw亚型HBV载体在辅助质粒ayw亚型pHBV3142辅助下能进行有效复制且有效完成病毒包装。     

C基因截短突变体抗乙型肝炎病毒作用机制的研究

目的 探讨C基因截短突变体抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的作用机制。方法 构建C基因截短的真核表达载体pcDNA3-△C及野生型C基因真核表达载体pcDNA3-C，瞬时转染HepG2细胞，用SDSPAGE western blot检测pcDNA3-△C、pcDNA3-C的蛋白表达。pcDNA3-△C与adwR9共转染HepG2细胞，以pcDNA3与adwR9为对照，用荧光定量PCR检测培养上清液及细胞内病毒量，用Native western blot分析C基因截短蛋白干扰核心颗粒形成。结果重组载体pcDNA3-△C、pcDNA3-C均可表达，DcDNA3-△C与adwR9共转染组上清液和细胞内病毒量较对照组降低，pcDNA3-△C和pcDNA3-C共转染组Native western blot条带与pcDNA3和pcDNA3-C共转染组条带相比较明显淡。结论 C基因截短突变体可干扰核心颗粒的形成，导致HBV复制下降。     

乙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白突变体干扰HBV包装的实验研究

目的：构建乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）核心蛋白突变体基因的真核表达载体，转染HepG2细胞，观察其表达及干扰HBV颗粒包装的显性负调节作用。方法：采用PCR从质粒pHBVadrl-A1中扩增HBVadr1-A1中扩增HBV C基因和S基因，分别克隆到pGEM-T载体上，构建成pGEM-T-C和pGEM-T-S，进而构建成pGEM-T-CS载体，用HindⅢ切出克隆基因片段与pcDNA3.1连接，经PCR鉴定后构建成真核表达载体pcDNA3.1^ -CS,DNA测序显示基因融合正确，表达载体转染HepG2细胞，经G418筛选得到高拷贝转化子，逆转录－聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）检测重组蛋白体外表达，用HBV阳性血清感染HepG2细胞，72h后提提细胞内HBV DNA，斑点杂交法分析各组DNA，结果：核心蛋白突变体在HepG2细胞内得到表达，且表达了该重组蛋白的HepG2细胞内HBV DNA量不同程度地低于对照组，表明重组蛋白具有抗HBV包装的DN突变体作用，结论：HBV核心蛋白与表面蛋白融合基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-CS能够体外表达核心蛋白突变体，该突变体具有干扰HBV颗粒包装的显性负调节作用。     

包膜蛋白和核心蛋白共突变体对乙型肝炎病毒在 HepG2细胞中表达的抑制作用

目的探讨包膜蛋白和核心蛋白共突变体对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)在HepG2细胞中表达的抑制作用。方法构建包膜蛋白和核心蛋白共突变的HBV载体pHBV-mSIS／△C。瞬时转染HepG2细胞,以adwR9转染HepG2细胞为对照;用ELISA方法检测上清液中和细胞内HBV S抗原;重组载体与adwR9共转染HepG2细胞,以pcDNA3与adwR9共转染为对照组。用荧光定量PCR检测胞内和上清液中病毒量。结果突变载体转染细胞胞内和上清液中S蛋白表达量及分泌量与adwR9无明显差别;突变载体与adwR9共转染组上清液和胞内病毒量较pcDNA3与adwR9共转染组低。结论包膜蛋白和核心蛋白共突变对HBV S蛋白的表达量和分泌量没有影响,但干扰病毒复制和包装,具有抗HBV作用。     

1．2倍基因组长度C基因型乙型肝炎病毒重组体构建及其在HepG2细胞中表达和复制

目的构建基于pBlueBac4．5质粒的1．2倍基因组长度C基因型乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）重组体，并研究其在HepG2细胞中的表达和复制。方法以重组质粒pWT上的1．2倍基因组长度C基因型HBVDNA序列和pBB4．5HBV1．3（D基因型）上的pBlueBac4．5载体序列为模板，构建重组质粒pBB4．5HBV1．2（C基因型）。用FuGENEHD瞬时转染法，将pBB4．5HBV1．2导人HepG2细胞。用化学发光免疫分析法、Southern印迹杂交法、荧光定量PCR法，分别检测转染后不同时间点HBsAg和HBeAg、HBV复制中间体及HBVDNA水平。此外，对转染时重组质粒用量进行优化。结果酶切和序列分析证实，pBB4．5HBV1．2重组质粒构建成功。初步转染实验证实，在转染细胞培养上清中可检测到HBsAg和HBeAg。优化后转染条件为：使用60mm细胞培养皿，8～11tLgpBB4．5HBV1．2，质粒与转染试剂5：9（μg：μl）。在此条件下，5d实验周期内可检测到HBsAg和HBeAg持续表达（峰值一般出现在转染后第3天）、HBVDNA持续复制（10^6～10^8拷贝／ml）及HBVDNA复制中间体形成。结论在HepG2细胞中，建立了以杆状病毒转移载体pBlueBac4．5为基础的1．2倍基因组长度C基因型HBV体外培养体系，有望为研究HBV耐药、筛选新抗病毒药物等提供新技术平台。     

截短型HBsAg中蛋白反式激活基因的克隆

目的：应用抑制性消减杂交技术构建乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）截短型中蛋白（MHBs^t)反式 激活基因差异表达的cDNA消减文库，克隆HBV截短型中蛋白反式激活相关基因。方法：以HBV截短型中蛋白表面质粒pcDNA3.1(-)-Tt167转染HepG2细胞，以空载体pcDNA3.1(-）为对照；制备转染后的细胞裂解液，提取mRNA并逆转录为cDNA，经Rsa I酶切后，将实验组cDNA分成两组，分别与两种不同的接头衔接，再与对照组cDNA进行两次消减杂交及两次抑制性聚合酶链反应（PCR），将产物与T／A载体连接，构建cDNA消减文库，并转染大肠杆菌进行文库扩增，随机挑选克隆PCR扩增后进行测序及同源性分析。结果：成功构建人HBV截短型中蛋白反式激活基因差异表达的cDNA消减文库。文库扩增后得到94个白色克隆，进行菌落PCR分析，均得到200－800bp插入片段。挑取50个插入片段测序，并通过生物学信息学分析获得其全长基因序列，结果共获得23种编码基因，包括19种已知基因的4种未知基因。结论：筛选到的cDNA全长序列，包括一些与细胞生长调节、免疫应答及肿瘤发生密切相关的蛋白编码基因，因此可能是HBV截短型中蛋白反式激活靶基因。     

乙型肝炎病毒B和C基因型全基因组的克隆与真核细胞表达

目的 构建B和C基因型重组HBV表达载体,检测其在Huh7细胞内的DNA复制和HBsAg、HBeAg的表达.方法 扩增B和C基因型HBV全基因组,并将其连接于真核表达载体pHY106,将这2个载体分别转染Huh7细胞,以pHY106空载体转染作对照.Southern印迹法检测转染72 h后HBV DNA的复制,实时定量PCR检测转染后24、48、72、96和120 h Huh7细胞内HBV DNA水平,ELISA检测转染后24、48、72、96和120 h细胞培养上清液中HBsAg和HBeAg的表达.结果 成功构建了B和C基因型HBV表达载体.转染Huh7细胞后72 h,Southern印迹法检测到细胞内HBV核心颗粒内的HBV复制中间体,包括松弛环状DNA、双链DNA和单链DNA.实时定量PCR检测发现病毒DNA复制水平可达8 lg拷贝/mL、ELISA结果显示HBsAg和HBeAg的表达于转染后72 h达高峰,然后逐渐下降.结论 成功构建B和C基因型重组HBV真核表达载体,并能在Huh7细胞内高水平复制和表达,为进一步研究HBV的结构与功能、基因表达与调控,以及抗HBV药物的筛选等提供了良好的平台.     

乙型肝炎病毒复制调控元件对HBV DNA疫苗诱导的免疫应答

目的研究乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）复制调控元件增强子Ⅰ（ENHⅠ）及前S2（Pre-S2）抗原基因对HBV DNA疫苗诱导的免疫应答的影响。方法采用常规聚合酶链反应（PCR）从HBV adr亚型全基因DNA序列中分别扩增HBsAg、PreS2-HBsAg、HBsAg-ENHI和PreS2-HBsAg-ENHⅠ基因片段，重组到VR1012载体中，构建4种HBV DNA疫苗，转染HepG2细胞并免疫Balb／C小鼠。通过细胞免疫化学、酶联免疫分析（ELISA）、酶联免疫斑点试验（ELISPOT）等方法检测其在HepG2细胞内的表达及小鼠的体液及细胞免疫应答。结果转染的HepG2细胞表达相应的目的蛋白．ENHⅠ及Pre-S2抗原基因均可增强HBV DNA疫苗转染HepG2细胞表达HBsAg；免疫接种小鼠后第2周产生抗-HBs及HBsAg特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞（CTL），Pre—S2抗原基因可增强HBV DNA疫苗免疫Balb／C小鼠诱导的抗-HBs及HBsAg特异性CTL的产生，ENHⅠ基因对免疫应答无影响。结论ENHI及Pre—s2抗原基因均可增强HBVDNA疫苗转染HepG2细胞表达HBsAg．Pre-S2抗原基因可增强HBVDNA疫苗免疫Balb／C小鼠引起的免疫应答。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

大骨节病病区水,粮实验对动物的骨和软骨中化学元素组成的影响

用质子激发 X 线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定了大骨节病病区和非病区的水、粮以及用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的肋软骨和硬骨中22种化学元素的含量。结果发现水粮中存在差异的元素反应在用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的骨、软骨中也存在差异,含量都低的元素有 P、Mn、Cu、As、Zn。都高的有铅。其中锌低在水、粮、硬骨和软骨中都完全一致呈非常显著性差异(p<0.01)。提示病区水、粮中化学元素对骨质的影响不是单一元素缺乏或过多所致,而是多种元素的复合因素。     

Assessment of the Soft-Tissue Seal at the Interface between the Base of the Fixed Denture Pontic and the Oral Mucosa

Fixed dentures (bridges) are often selected as a treatment option for a defective prosthesis. In this study, we assess the contact condition between the base of the pontic and oral mucosa, and examine the effect of prosthetic preparation and material biocompatibility. The molars were removed and replaced with experimental implants with a free-end type bridge superstructure after one week. In Experiment 1, we assessed different types of prosthetic pre-treatment: (1) the untreated control group (Con: mucosa recovering from the tooth extraction); (2) the laser irradiation group (Las: mucosa recovering after the damage caused by a CO₂ laser); and (3) the tooth extraction group (Ext: mucosa recovering immediately after the teeth extraction). In Experiment 2, five materials (titanium, zirconia, porcelain, gold-platinum alloy, and self-curing resin) were placed at the base of the bridge pontic. Four weeks after the placement of the bridge, the mucosa adjacent to the pontic base was histologically analyzed. In Experiment 1, the Con and Las groups exhibited no formation of an epithelial sealing structure on the pontic base. In the Ext group, adherent epithelium was observed. In Experiment 2, the sealing properties at the pontic interface were superior for titanium and the zirconia compared with those made of porcelain or gold-platinum alloy. In the resin group, a clear delay in epithelial healing was observed.     

高胆红素血症对肿瘤标志物测定的影响探讨

目的探讨高胆红素血症对Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测的影响.方法对320例胆管、胆囊良恶性疾病病人,15例胆囊炎病人的胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化、10例黄疸肝炎病人进行Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测.结果在良性胆管、胆囊疾病中,Ca19-9的假阳性最高;在胆红素增高的良性疾病中,Ca19-9假阳性率达46.7%;15例胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化和10例黄疸肝炎病人中,Ca19-9的假阳性率分别为93%、20%、80%和80%.结论高胆红素血症对Ca19-9检测影响最明显,胆囊、胆管良恶性疾病鉴别时,以Ca24-2和CEA检测为佳.