高脂饮食对营养性肥胖大鼠模型建立的影响

【目的】观察实验用高脂饲料配方对建立营养性肥胖动物模型成功率的影响。【方法】用改进的高脂饲料喂养大鼠8周,观察体质量、Lees指数及其他指标,并与普食组进行比较。【结果】喂养8周后,高脂组大鼠体质量为（395．50±23．80）g,普食组大鼠体质量为（307．70±8．07）g,两者比较差异有显著性（P〈o．05）;造模成功后,高脂组大鼠的Lees指数、睾丸周围脂肪量、。肾周同脂肪量及肝、肾重量均大于普食组,两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。【结论】高脂饮食可以引起大鼠营养性肥胖,猪油含量为15％的高脂饲料配方组成较为合理,致肥效果明显。     

高脂饮食诱发大鼠营养性肥胖动物模型的研究

目的:通过高脂饮食诱发建立雄性SD营养性肥胖大鼠动物模型。方法:40只SD雄性青年大鼠采用D12492配方所制作的高脂肪、高热量食物进行限制饲喂,2周时剔除肥胖抵抗大鼠,其余大鼠随机分成两组,即正常对照组给予普通饲料饲喂,高脂饮食组给予高脂饲料喂养4周,观察体重、Lee's指数。高脂饲喂8周时禁食24 h后麻醉取血分离血清,取肝脏制备匀浆,取体脂称重并计算脂肪指数,用全自动生化分析仪检测血清和肝脂中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,并于正常组进行比较分析。结果:高脂饲喂4周后,高脂饮食组体重达到(299.3±17.74)g,而正常组大鼠体重仅为(202.8±9.14)g,高脂组的Lee's指数与正常组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);同时高脂饮食组大鼠的脂肪湿重、脂肪指数、血清TC、TG、LDL-C以及肝脂TC、TG水平均显著高于正常组大鼠,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05、P<0.01、P<0.001)。结论:选取SD雄性青年大鼠采用D12492配方所制高脂饲料运用限制喂养的方式成功建立营养性大鼠肥胖模型,节省造模成本,同时显著提高血清和肝脏中的TC、TG水平,造成动物的高脂血症和脂肪肝病变,与人类临床肥胖症及相关并发症颇为相似,为共同研究人类营养性肥胖伴发的高脂血症与脂肪肝提供较为理想的动物模型。     

高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠下丘脑及肝脏组织中Toll样受体4的表达

目的 探讨在高脂饮食诱导下Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor4,TLR4)在肥胖大鼠下丘脑及肝脏组织中的表达.方法 建立高脂饮食诱导的肥胖(DIO)大鼠模型,应用免疫组化染色和Real Time PCR方法检测下丘脑及肝脏组织中TLR4的蛋白及mRNA的表达.结果 喂养8周后,DIO组平均体重为(456.38±19.20)g,高于正常饮食对照组平均体重(372.10±22.47)g,两组间比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01);DIO组饮食量为(1229.23±57.29)g,高于正常饮食对照组饮食量(905.50±52.17)g,两组大鼠饮食量比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).Real Time PCR方法显示,DIO组大鼠下丘脑组织TLR4 mRNA含量(0.56±0.16),高于正常饮食对照组TLR4 mRNA (0.39±0.10),P＜0.05; DIO组大鼠肝脏组织TLR4 mRNA含量(0.87±0.24),高于正常饮食对照组TLR4 mRNA(0.54±0.16),两组间差异也有显著性意义(P＜0.01).免疫组化染色肥胖组大鼠下丘脑及肝脏TLR4表达呈强阳性.结论 Toll样受体4在肥胖大鼠下丘脑及肝脏中的表达增多,提示下丘脑及肝脏的炎症反应参与了高脂饮食诱导肥胖的发生.     

敌百虫联合高脂饲料喂养大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型的建立

目的 探索建立类似人类长期接触低剂量、低毒性有机磷酸酯农药诱导动脉粥样硬化(As)大鼠模型的方法. 方法 健康SD大鼠,雌雄各半,随机分为普食喂养的对照组及敌百虫腹腔注射的高脂饲料喂养的模型组. 结果 第4、8周后模型组大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LDLC及As指数(AI)均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);HDLC/TC比值均显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);主动脉弓及肝脏形态学观察发现,模型组出现明显的As病变. 结论 本实验初步建立了As大鼠模型,可作为研究人类长期接触低剂量、低毒性有机磷农药引起的大血管病变及其药物治疗的动物模型.     

高脂膳食对雄性肥胖大鼠肾周脂肪水通道蛋白7表达的影响

目的：观察高脂膳食诱导肥胖模型大鼠肾周脂肪水通道蛋白7mRNA的表达情况,探讨其在肥胖发生中的作用。方法：将48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组和造模组,分别喂基础饲料和高脂饲料。8周末造模组按体重筛选出高脂膳食诱导肥胖模型大鼠（DIO组）继续高脂喂养至20周。于第8周和第20周分别处死一批大鼠,计算Lee’s指数、肝/体比和脂/体比,检测血脂水平,实时定量聚合酶链反应测定肾周脂肪水通道蛋白7 mRNA表达水平。结果：8周末,DIO组大鼠体重、Lee’s指数、肝/体比、脂/体比和血清TG含量明显高于对照组（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,喂养至20周,上述指标均进一步明显增高（P〈0.01）,血清TC和LDL-C水平也升高（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。DIO组肾周脂肪组织水通道蛋白7 mRNA表达水平于8周明显上调（P〈0.01）,20周下调（P〈0.05）。结论：肾周脂肪组织水通道蛋白7可能在不同程度肥胖中发挥不同作用。     

2型糖尿病大鼠血浆及脂肪组织抵抗素水平的研究

目的 探讨抵抗素在胰岛素抵抗及2型糖尿病发病前后的变化及意义.方法 首先采用高脂饮食喂养6周诱导Wistar大鼠发生肥胖.然后将肥胖大鼠分为两组,一组单纯喂饲高脂饲料(高脂肥胖组),一组喂饲高脂饲料并腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立2型糖尿病模型(高脂糖尿病组).测定对照组(喂饲普通饲料)、高脂肥胖组及高脂糖尿病组大鼠在第7周及第10周末的血浆抵抗素、胰岛素、血糖、血脂的变化情况,并测定第10周末各组大鼠附睾脂肪组织抵抗素mRNA的表达情况.结果 在第10周末,高脂糖尿病组大鼠的空腹血糖、血胰岛素及抵抗素水平均显著高于第7周(P＜0.05).高脂糖尿病组大鼠的上述指标也显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).其中,血浆抵抗素水平与胰岛素抵抗程度正相关性最强(P＜0.01).高脂糖尿病组脂肪组织mRNA表达显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病大鼠血浆抵抗素水平升高,而脂肪组织抵抗素mRNA表达下降,提示血浆抵抗素升高可能存在多种机制.     

两种高脂饲料分段喂养对大鼠体重和血脂的影响

目的 探索两种高脂饲料分段喂养对大鼠体重和血脂的影响.方法 选取30只健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为2组:对照组和实验组,每组15只.对照组大鼠以基础饲料喂养,实验组大鼠在腹腔注射VD3基础上,分阶段先后给予A和B2种不同的高脂饲料喂养(1～7周给予A种高脂饲料,8～16周给予B种高脂饲料).每周记录各组大鼠体重变化,每2周测定各组大鼠血脂(TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C)水平变化.结果 对照组大鼠体重持续增加,实验组大鼠前2周体重增加,第3～7周开始持续降低,第8周更换B种高脂饲料后,体重又开始持续增加.两组体重除实验前和第16周差异无统计学意义外,其余时间点差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组大鼠血脂水平在实验期间无明显变化.实验组大鼠血清TC、HDL-C和LDL-C水平先升后降,TC在第6周达到峰值,HDL-C和LDL-C在第4周达到峰值.实验组大鼠血清TG水平在前6周无明显变化,到第8周更换B种高脂饲料后开始缓慢上升,至第16周时,明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 2种高脂饲料分段喂养可加速大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型的建立.     

褪黑素抑制高糖高脂膳食诱导肥胖大鼠体重的增长

目的观察褪黑素（MLT）对高糖高脂饮食喂养的肥胖SD大鼠体重的影响。方法正常饮食喂养16只SD大鼠,同时以高糖高脂饮食喂养的32只SD大鼠5个月后,建立肥胖动物模型。按照体重增加超过对照组20%作为标准从高糖高脂饮食喂养的32只SD大鼠中选取18只大鼠,将其分为肥胖对照组（D IO组）、MLT治疗组,各9只,分别给予腹腔注射生理盐水、MLT（4 mg/kg）,另设正常组（n=9）,来自于正常饲料喂养组,继续喂普通饲料,并给予生理盐水（5 mL）处理。每周监测体重和食物摄入量。实验末处死动物,分离腹部脂肪组织并称重。结果与肥胖对照组比较,MLT处理组肥胖大鼠体重降低16%,腹部脂肪减少达50%,各组相对摄食（每100 g体重摄食量）无明显差异。结论褪黑素能降低高糖高脂饮食大鼠的体重增长和脂肪沉积。     

运动和灌胃左旋肉碱?大豆肽对肥胖大鼠载脂蛋白的影响

目的:研究有氧运动和灌胃左旋肉碱、大豆肽混合溶液6周对单纯性肥胖大鼠Lee's指数及载脂蛋白的影响.方法:以通过建模成功后的SD肥胖大鼠为研究对象,通过6周跑台训练和每日灌胃10%的营养液[600 mg/(kg·d)左旋肉碱和15 mg/(kg·d)大豆肽],肥胖对照组每只灌胃2 ml/d蒸馏水.观察肥胖大鼠的体重、体长,计算Lee's指数,检测实验大鼠体重、体长、载脂蛋白浓度等指标.结果:实验结束后,单纯运动干预组、单纯营养干预组和运动 营养干预组的Lee's指数明显低于肥胖对照组,两者比较差异均有显著性(P＜0.05),但3个实验组之间无差异(P＞0.05);营养干预、运动干预组、运动 营养干预都明显地降低了apoB的水平(P＜0.05);单纯运动干预和单纯营养干预对肥胖大鼠的apoA影响均没有显著性变化(P＞0.05),而运动 营养干预对肥胖大鼠apoA的影响差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:通过8周喂养高脂高糖饲料成功建立了肥胖大鼠模型.运动与营养干预能改善脂质代谢,显著降低肥胖大鼠apoB浓度,升高apoA浓度.     

青年SD大鼠营养性肥胖模型的建立

目的:建立青年SD大鼠营养性肥胖模型。方法:出生4周的40只SD大鼠将其随机分为对照组与模型组,对照组给予普通饲料,模型组给予改良的高脂饲料,共饲养8周。观察对照组与模型组体重、Lee’s指数及总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的变化情况。结果:在高脂饲养8周后,模型组平均体重、Lee’s指数、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:改良高脂饲料配方、迎合SD大鼠磨牙习性和混合喂养方式可以诱导青年SD大鼠营养性肥胖,致肥率达到83%。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.