有机磷系阻燃剂在织物中应用及生态安全研究

文中介绍了有机磷系阻燃剂的阻燃机理及主要类别;从棉织物的有机磷阻燃整理、聚酯织物的有机磷阻燃整理和其他纤维的有机磷阻燃整理三方面综述了有机磷系阻燃剂在纺织品中的应用研究进展;从生态方面和国内外有机磷阻燃剂的禁、限用法规及标准,并结合有机磷系阻燃剂的生物毒性研究,分析了纺织品中有机磷系阻燃剂残留量检测方法;最后提出了有机磷系阻燃剂在纺织品中应用的发展方向。     

有机磷系阻燃剂在纺织品中的应用及其残留量测试技术研究进展

介绍了有机磷系阻燃剂的阻燃机理及主要种类,综述了有机磷系阻燃剂在纺织品阻燃整理中的应用研究进展及其残留量测试分析技术的研究现状,最后提出了有机磷系阻燃剂在纺织品中应用的发展方向。     

纺织品中6种禁用有机磷阻燃剂的超声萃取—气相色谱法测定

以丙酮为萃取溶剂,超声萃取阻燃纺织品中的禁用有机磷阻燃剂,采用火焰光度检测器(FPD)进行检测,从而建立了一种气相色谱方法,对阻燃纺织品中6种禁用有机磷阻燃剂进行了同时测定,并对萃取条件进行了优化。该方法简便快速、灵敏度高,6种目标分析物的检出限均低于3.0 ng/mL,方法的加标回收率为81.26%～96.77%,相对标准偏差为3.18%～6.45%。应用该方法对市售的阻燃纺织品中禁用有机磷阻燃剂含量进行了测定,结果发现部分阻燃纺织品中检出高含量的禁用有机磷阻燃剂。     

棉用环保型有机磷系阻燃剂的研究进展

棉织物穿着舒适,但耐热性差,易燃,故阻燃棉纤维或织物被广泛研究,环保可持续型材料越来越得到重视.有机磷系阻燃剂以其来源广、成本低、阻燃效果好而被广泛应用于纺织品、塑料树脂等方面.从环保角度出发,综述了近年来棉用阻燃剂的分类、阻燃机理及研究进展,并展望环保型棉用有机磷系阻燃剂的发展趋势.     

阻燃剂及阻燃织物的发展前景

简介了世界和我国阻燃剂、阻燃纺织品的研究现状及发展趋势 ,阐述了阻燃纺织品在各行各业中的应用 ;介绍了阻燃纺织品在我国劳保用品防护服中的应用 ,认为这将是阻燃纺织品的重点开发领域     

纺织产品的阴燃整理

在比较、选择阻燃剂的基础上，合成了磷氮无机类阻燃剂，整理后的纺织品，其阻燃效果达到Ａ级标准。文中还介绍了阻燃纺织品的标准与规定。     

纺织产品的阻燃整理

在比较、选择阻燃剂的基础上，合成了磷氮无机类阻燃剂，整理后的纺织品，其阻燃效果达到Ａ级标准，文中还介绍了阻燃纺织品的标准与规定。     

阻燃纤维及纺织品的研究进展

介绍了纺织品阻燃整理的方法和原理,详述了棉纤维用非耐久性、半耐久性和耐久性阻燃剂,合成纤维中涤纶和尼龙用阻燃剂,以及涤棉混纺织物阻燃整理的进展及面临的挑战,纳米技术和生物质技术在阻燃领域的应用前景,指出绿色环保阻燃产品的开发是纺织品阻燃整理的发展方向。     

植酸生物基阻燃剂的应用研究进展北大核心

植酸作为一种天然可降解的有机磷酸,在纺织品阻燃领域有着广阔的应用前景。近年来植酸在阻燃纺织品中的应用主要有单组分植酸阻燃剂、复配型植酸阻燃剂以及化学改性植酸阻燃剂,分析了三种植酸型阻燃剂的特点,发现复配型植酸阻燃剂和化学改性植酸阻燃剂的阻燃性能更为突出,将植酸与其他化合物复配以及对植酸进行化学改性将成为未来研究的重点。     

纺织品阻燃综述

论述了阻燃剂的主要种类[包括无机阻燃剂、有机阻燃剂(含卤阳燃剂、有机磷阻燃剂)]、阻燃机理(包括吸热作用、覆盖作用、抑制链反应、气体稀释作用、凝聚相阻燃)及阻燃整理技术(包括纳米阻燃、微胶囊阻燃、超细化、表面改性、消烟、交联、大分子技术等),简单介绍了阻燃效果的测试方法(包括燃烧实验法、限氧指数法、发烟性试验法、闪点和自燃点测定、阻燃整理热分析等),提出研究开发高效、低毒、低烟释放量、性价比高及功能多的阻燃纺织品是努力的方向.     

基于正交试验的涤纶织物阻燃拒水一浴整理工艺研究

将不同种类的磷系阻燃剂和拒水剂配制成一浴整理液,以浸轧焙烘的工艺对涤纶织物进行一浴整理,分析整理后织物的燃烧性能和拒水性能。选择相容性较好的阻燃剂和拒水剂,采用正交试验分析法优化一浴整理的工艺条件。结果表明:最佳的试验配方为耐久性阻燃剂RUCO-FLAM VOD 300 g/L和防水防油整理剂SY-09 50g/L;最优工艺条件为110℃烘干180 s后170℃焙烘120 s。经过阻燃拒水一浴整理的织物续燃时间≤4 s,损毁长度≤8 cm,符合GB/T 5455—1997的B1级标准要求,且织物拒水性能达到3级。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.