基于分层控制结构的有人/无人机编队队形控制

针对有人/无人机(MAV/UAV)系统在三维空间下的协同编队队形保持和变换问题,提出了具有分层结构的有人/无人机编队控制方法。根据有人/无人机指挥控制方式和作战流程,设计有人/无人机编队系统控制结构,其中,采用动态面控制方法设计有人机轨迹跟踪控制器,解决了反步控制中虚拟控制信号反复求导的问题;基于有限集中分布式编队控制策略设计无人机编队控制器,实现了多架无人机与有人机的协同编队飞行,并基于Lyapunov理论证明了控制器的稳定性。最后,针对三维空间下的有人/无人机编队进行仿真,仿真结果验证了所设计有人/无人机编队控制策略的有效性。     

动态环境下的多UCAV协同任务分配研究

战场环境的动态性和不确定性以及协同控制的复杂性,使得预先制定的无人作战飞机任务分配方案不能满足动态战场环境中的实时性要求。考虑到无人作战飞机的差异、目标的差异及战场态势对目标分配的影响,建立了多无人作战飞机协同目标分配问题的数学模型。针对多无人作战飞机协同控制中的动态任务分配问题,提出一种改进的混合重分配策略,从任务层次上解决了多无人作战飞机的动态任务分配问题,在此基础上提出了混合细菌觅食算法,并用该算法在动态环境中为无人作战飞机进行合理的任务分配,通过仿真实验和分析表明混合重分配策略和混合细菌觅食算法的有效性。     

紫外光通信协作编队无人机联盟围捕算法

编队无人机对目标无人机进行围捕是多无人机战场作战中重要且典型的任务之一，本文将无线紫外光通信技术与围捕算法结合，提出了一种紫外光通信协作编队无人机联盟围捕算法。该算法借助无线紫外光辅助无人机编队机间数据保密传输和非直视通信，将联盟生成算法与区域最小化策略进行融合，采用动态规划法对最优联盟结构进行求解，使用区域最小化策略对目标无人机实施空中围捕，完成在复杂场景中无人机编队高效围捕多目标任务。对区域最小化策略和本文提出的紫外光协作编队无人机联盟围捕算法进行了仿真对比，实验结果表明：所提出的紫外光协作编队无人机联盟围捕算法在无人机编队围捕多目标过程中平均降低了12.73%的能耗，算法迭代次数平均降低了27.49%，验证了该算法能耗少、围捕效率高的性能。     

基于多平台实现的UCAV攻击编队自主协作系统设计

为了实现无人战斗机的编队攻击,在深入分析编队协作复杂性的基础上,采用模块化设计,根据高可靠性原则,在V isual C++6.0环境中,提出了一种可以在不同平台中实现功能的UCAV攻击编队自主协作系统的设计方法,并对各个子系统的组成和功能进行了探讨,给出了该系统在整个作战过程中的工作流程,最后对正常攻击、单个任务失败、基于不同平台的系统实现3种情况进行了仿真分析。结果表明,该系统能够在不同的平台中可靠地实现UCAV编队自主协作攻击过程。     

无人机自主编队飞行控制的技术问题

从未来无人机的性能需求出发,详细描述了无人机编队飞行的功能特点和核心技术。根据无人机的任务要求,将编队飞行分为作战编队、侦察编队和混合协同编队,同时研究了编队飞行控制的关键技术,并对无人机编队重构技术进行了探讨和分析。     

群体智能支撑的无人机群航路规划应用综述

无人机群航路规划的主要目标是为每架无人机生成一条连接起始点和目标点并满足约束条件的可飞行路径。传统方法主要以代价地图为基础，采用动态规划与几何运算等方法解决无人机群的路径规划问题。然而，这些方法难以解决无人机群的几何、物理与时间等复杂多约束问题，而且代价地图的构建十分耗时，使得无人机群难以应对复杂多变的实际环境。近年来，群体智能技术的出现为无人机群路径规划提供了新思路，该技术不但能够解决无人机一维静态的路径优化问题，同时为多维动态路径的优化提供更加精准、快速、有效的智能解决方案。此外，机载智能硬件的飞速发展也极大提升了无人机群的通信速率与运算效率，使得无人机群具备环境适应能力强、部署灵活和多功能集成等优势。基于以上背景，阐述了无人机群航路规划的环境感知建模、适应度函数、约束条件和障碍物规避四方面内容；综述了群体智能算法原理，并分析讨论了5种群体智能算法以及其应用于无人机群航路规划的优缺点；分析和展望了群体智能算法应用于无人机群航路规划与任务协同方向的发展趋势。     

舰艇编队协同防空一体化防御作战体系研究

未来海战场面临的威胁环境突出表现为“单/多方向连续目标饱和攻击”、“低空隐蔽突防”和“复杂电磁干扰下目标攻击”,依靠单一的水面舰艇分层防御作战体系已经不能满足快速发展的战场环境,构建基于编队协同防空一体化作战体系是适应未来海上防御作战的重要发展方向,编队协同防空一体化作战体系应从预警探测体系、指挥控制体系、作战筹划与推演系统及火力打击体系等方面进行研究,其关键技术在于实现统一态势图、高速数据链、海空天一体化指挥控制以及多武器协同防御等技术难点。     

基于多Agent的无人机群区域探测协同作战仿真

为帮助无人机群在区域探测协同作战中通过已有信息作出较为准确的判断从而有效选择探测路线,建立了基于多Agent的无人机群区域探测协同作战模型。依据所在战场环境、无人机群和其目标的特点等因素,提取出了无人机群的属性和行为,同时从体系结构视角设计了几种具有不同的信息共享方式和决策层级结构的模型,采用Repast建模仿真软件进行仿真试验。结果表明采取实时信息共享以及集中决策的方式往往能够得到准确度较高、冗余度可接受的探测结果。     

拒止环境下无人机集群安全通信问题分析

近年来发生的几场局部战争表明，具有自主协同功能的无人机集群协同作战将是拒止环境下无人作战的主要发展方向。为提升无人机集群在拒止环境下安全通信的能力，首先对拒止环境下无人机集群的任务阶段进行了划分，而后结合无人机集群在各任务阶段的网络拓扑结构，总结了无人机集群通信网络所面临的通信安全问题，提出了相对应的安全防护技术和策略，为保障拒止环境下无人机集群通信网络安全提供参考。     

三维多无人机系统协同任务规划关键问题综述

随着无人机技术的迅猛发展,人们对无人机技术的需求越来越广泛,已从单机简单任务向多机协同执行多个复杂任务、且自主协调、无人干预、群体合作的方向发展.而多无人机系统的协同任务规划技术,是无人机自主导航飞行和无人机之间自主协调配合共同完成任务的关键.这一任务规划决定了无人机各类资源的协调和执行目标的合理分配,无人机协调可飞飞行航迹的规划,以及在飞行过程中,取代人为干预,实时协调化解多机飞行时可能产生的各种冲突和问题.因此,对多无人机系统协同任务规划的关键问题,如目标分配、航迹规划、在线重规划等深入研究,是提高多机系统执行任务能力的重要环节.近年来,该领域的研究日益广泛,但还存在诸多问题需要解决,尤其迫切需要研究在三维战场环境下的多机协同任务规划方法.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.