通信协议测试的形式化技术

自然语言协议的自动形式化是通信协议自动测试的前提,从而也是数据链协议自动测试的重要研究方向.此问题出现已久,但尚无可靠解决方案.隐词形理论和格语法是排岐能力很强的自然语言处理方法.运用此套方法.通过分析协议文本,确定隐词形特征,可编写出隐词形词典、隐词形语法规则以及自动机生成规则.根据这些词典、规则,可生成自然语言协议文本对应的自动机.本方案有助于解决自然语言协议文本自动形式化,实现通信协议测试的全面自动化.     

基于分层有限状态自动机的一致性测试生成

为了进行分层有限状态自动机(HFSM)的一致性测试生成,提出了基于HFSM的状态同步序列算法和状态验证序列算法,并在此基础上提出了基于HFSM的一致性测试生成方法.以组播监听者发现(MLD)协议为例说明了该方法的应用.该方法虽然比传统的转化为有限状态自动机(FSM)描述再进行一致性测试生成的方法在适用性上有所降低,但是仍然能够满足大多数通信系统测试的需求,并且由于该方法利用了HFSM的分层特性,因此该方法生成的测试序列长度较短,执行的效率也较高.     

面向充电机通信协议一致性测试的用例自动生成方法

现有的充电机和新能源汽车电源管理系统(BMS)之间的通信协议一致性测试方法主要由专家经验设计测试用例,这种方法缺乏理论支撑,导致测试覆盖性弱,测试结果缺乏说服力,较难形成行业标准.为了解决上述问题,提出一种基于有限状态机(FSM)的充电机与BMS通信协议一致性测试方法.首先,通过对GB/T 27930—2015协议的详细解读,分析充电机和BMS之间的通信过程,使用FSM形式化语言描述充电机和BMS之间的充电过程,保证协议的不同实体之间的通信一致性.其次,在FSM的基础上利用唯一输入输出(UIO)序列计算测试序列,进而得到最终的测试用例.在生成测试用例时,采用递归算法考虑前置用例,让每一个测试用例都有完整的输入输出.最后,生成的用例结果表明,基于FSM的一致性测试方法不仅使得充电机与BMS间的通信协议一致性测试过程有了理论支撑,而且相较于基于专家经验的手工设计测试用例方法具有更强的复用能力.     

关于随机测试驱动程序的实验

用测试通信协议实现的方法来说明我们的实验，该通信协议使用独立的测试驱动程序来操作协议服务接口。该测试程序只生成随机事件序列以使该服务接口规定能被一个正确实现所接受。所以事件拒绝揭示该服务规范与测试中的实施之间的偏差，该方法是对其他测试技术的有效和合算的补充。     

基于有限状态自动机的黑白数字图像表示方法

提出了一种用有限状态自动机(FA)来描述黑白数字图像的方法.对一幅给定的黑白数字图像,可以用正则语言来表示它的像素地址,反之,任一正则语言也可以表示为一幅黑白数字图像,即正则语言与黑白数字图像可以相互转化.而由自动机理论原理知,正则语言可以用有限状态自动机等价描述,从而得到用有限状态自动机来描述黑白数字图像的方法.这样...     

一种基于CPN的协议测试序列生成方法

针对状态空间规模较大的协议,提出了一种基于着色Petri网CPN(ｃolored ｐetri ｎet)、面向属性的协议一致性测试序列生成方法。 首先, 构建被测协议规范的CPN模型, 即协议模型, 并将被测协议的若干功能属性采用CPN进行形式描述, 形成属性模型。 提出了属性模型到协议模型的状态投影算法、模型状态空间的路径匹配算法和搜索算法, 基于这些算法给出了一种完整的基于属性的测试序列生成方法。 该方法不但可以有效避免协议规模庞大所导致的状态爆炸问题, 而且还对测试中的PCO库所进行了特殊标识, 完成测试序列中可观察元素的自动提取处理, 使得处理后的测试序列可直接用于协议实际测试过程。 为有效验证所提测试序列生成方法的可行性, 开发了一套实现该方法的软件, 并应用于HMIPv6协议的实际测试过程中。实践表明, 这套软件可以对较为复杂的协议一致性测试过程提供强有力的支持。     

7号初等元胞自动机生成的时间序列的复杂性分析

使用禁止字理论、计算机搜索和符号动力学的方法对7号初等元胞自动机生成的时间序列从形式语言的角度进行复杂性分析,确定了禁止字集及其Chomsky层次,确定了演化语言的一个精简的Chomsky层次,并由此得到了时间序列的完整描述.     

ISO/OSI运输层协议的形式描述

通信协议的形式描述是协议实现、正确性验证和一致性测试的基础．本文用一种混合式模型对ＩＳＯ／ＯＳＩ的运输层协议进行了形式描述，为协议的实现打下基础     

应用UML2.0模型的测试用例生成方法

针对软件开发过程中测试自动化程度低的问题,在研究基于模型的测试用例生成技术的基础上,提出了一种基于UML2.0序列图与用例描述的测试用例生成方法.采用事件确定有限自动机来描述系统序列图,通过命题投影时序逻辑的模型检测技术,验证了自动机模型的正确性.使用自动机模型与用例描述来生成测试用例,该用例满足事件与全路径覆盖准则.通过对图书管理系统的分析表明,该方法不仅能够提高软件的测试效率,而且还确保了针对管理员的执行动作所产生的测试用例的正确性.     

ISO／OSI运输层协议的形成描述

通信协议的形式描述是协议实现，正确性验证和一致性测试的基础，本文用一种混合式模型对ＩＳＯ／ＯＳＩ运输层协议进行了形式描述，为协议的实现打下基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.