中华大蟾蜍皮化学成分的研究

中华大蟾蜍Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor是两栖纲无尾目蟾蜍属动物，广泛分布于全国大部分地区。蟾蜍入药，始见于《本草别录》，其味辛，性凉，有毒，归心、肝、脾、肺经，具有解毒散结、消积利水、杀虫消疳的功效。现代医学证明蟾蜍还有局麻、强心、升压、抗肿瘤等多方面的作用。传统中药多以蟾酥入药，为了更好地合理利用蟾蜍资源，本实验对中华大蟾蜍干皮进行了化学成分研究。     

蟾酥及其有效成分的药理作用及机制研究进展

蟾酥(chan su)为蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍(Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor)或黑眶蟾蜍(Bufo melanostictus Schneider)的耳后腺及皮肤腺分泌的白色浆液，经加工干燥制成。蟾酥含有多种化学成分，具有强心、升压、镇痛以及抗肿瘤等多种药理活性，临床应用广泛，现已突破传统用法，将其制成口服液、注射剂、涂膜剂、微丸剂及微球、脂质     

华蟾素实验研究及临床应用概况

<正> 华蟾素(Cinobufotalin)是中华大蟾蜍全皮中提取的水溶性制剂。近年来,国内对华蟾素的实验研究不断深入,其临床应用范围也不断拓展。现就其实验研究及临床应用概况综述如下。 1 实验研究 1.1 化学成分:华蟾素注射液是传统性生物药蟾酥的灭菌水溶性制剂,蟾酥含多种成份:华蟾蜍毒素,华蟾蜍素,华蟾蜍次素,去乙酰华蟾蜍素,蟾蜍配基,椿氨酸,辛二酸等。脂蟾毒配基,蟾毒灵和华蟾毒精是蟾酥的主要毒性和活性成分,通过对中华大蟾蜍皮的化学成份研究,发现其抗癌有效成分有四个蟾蜍毒素:蟾毒灵3—丁二酰精氨酸酯(Ⅱ),蟾毒它灵3—丁二酰精氨酯(Ⅰ),华蟾毒精3—丁二酰精氨酸酯(Ⅲ),脂毒素酯基3—丁二酯精氨酸酯(Ⅳ)。     

蟾酥治疗心血管疾病的药理研究进展*

蟾酥为蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans Cantor)或黑眶蟾蜍(Bufo melanostictus Schneider)的耳后腺及皮肤腺分泌的白色浆液,经加工,干燥而成[1]。中医认为其性味为辛,温,有毒,归心经,具有解毒、消肿、止痛、开窍醒神之功效。现代研究表明:蟾酥化学成分复杂,含有多种化学成分,具有心血管药理作用。但因具有毒性,使其临床使用受到限     

蟾酥治疗心血管疾病的药理研究进展

蟾酥为蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍（Bufo gargarizans Cantor）或黑眶蟾蜍（Bufo melanostictus Schneider）的耳后腺及皮肤腺分泌的白色浆液,经加工,干燥而成[1]。中医认为其性味为辛,温,有毒,归心经,具有解毒、消肿、止痛、开窍醒神之功效。现代研究表明：蟾酥化学成分复杂,含有多种化学成分,具有心血管药理作用。     

蟾酥制剂的药效作用研究评述

蟾酥为两栖纲无尾目蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍(Ｂｕｆｏｇａｒｇａｒｉｚａｎｓｃａｎｔｏｒ)或黑眶蟾蜍 (Ｂ .ｍｅｌａｎｏｓｔｉｃｔｕｓＳｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒ)的耳后腺及皮肤腺的干燥分泌物。蟾酥的药理活性较强 ,已引起人们极大的重视。现将近几年国内外有关蟾酥的化学、制剂及药理作用等方面的研究做一综述。1　化学成分各种蟾蜍耳后腺及皮肤腺分泌液主要含有多种强心甾体化合物 ,总称蟾蜍毒素 (ｂｕｆｏｔｏｘｉｎ) ,是未被分解的天然化合物。腺分泌液在加工干燥制备成蟾酥过程中发生分解 ,故蟾酥中所含的成分多系分解产物。按其结构分类如…     

华蟾毒精药理作用研究进展

蟾酥的主要有效化学成分为蟾蜍毒素、蟾蜍毒配基及蟾蜍色胺类化合物，药理作用主要表现在心血管、抗病毒以及抗肿瘤等方面，临床应用广泛，现已制成多种制剂。但蟾酥为多种成分的混合物，难以进行深入的作用机制研究，而华蟾毒精（cinobufagin，CBG）是从中药蟾酥分离出的一种单体，分子式和结构式清楚，基础与临床研究表明其有与蟾酥类似的药理活性。本文就近些年来对CBG药理作用及机制的研究进展做如下综述。     

花背蟾蜍与中华大蟾蜍耳后腺分泌物的比较

蟾酥系中华大蟾蜍(Bnfo Bufo Gargarizans)或黑眶蜍(Bufo melanotictus)耳后腺及皮肤脲分泌的白色浆液经加工而成,蟾酥为我国传统药材,临床应用很广,中药“六神丸”以蟾酥为主药,其它含有蟾酥的中成药如蟾酥丸、金蟾丸等亦常用。蟾酥的脂溶性部分称蟾酥配质(Bufogenin),目前已分离出20多种具有强心作用的类固醇类化合物。兰州地区采集的花背蟾蜍(Bufo raddci Strauch)的耳后腺及皮肤腺分泌物为桔红色乳状物并散发腥味。本文对花背蟾蜍的耳后腺分泌物按药典规定进     

蟾酥的古今应用概述

蟾酥，最早见于《药性论》“蟾蜍眉脂”条下。为蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍或黑眶蟾蜍的耳后腺及皮肤腺分泌的白色浆液加工干燥而成。该药味辛，性温，有毒，人心经。功能消肿止痛，解毒辟秽。用治痈疽疮疡、咽喉肿痛、中暑昏厥、小儿疳疾等证。近年来，其强心、抗癌等作用亦引起医者的重视，为了充分发挥蟾酥的治疗作用，本文拟对其功效和临床应用作一概述。     

蟾酥的古今应用概述

蟾酥，最早见于《药性论》“蟾蜍眉脂”条下。为蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍或黑眶蟾蜍的耳后腺及皮肤腺分泌的白色浆液加工干燥而成。该药味辛，性温，有毒，人心经。功能消肿止痛，解毒辟秽。用治痈疽疮疡、咽喉肿痛、中暑昏厥、小儿疳疾等证。近年来，其强心、抗癌等作用亦引起医者的重视，为了充分发挥蟾酥的治疗作用，本文拟对其功效和临床应用作一概述。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.