掺杂FeVO4低温烧结ZnO-Nb2O5-TiO2微波介质陶瓷

研究了FeVO4对ZnO-Nb2O5-TiO2微波介质陶瓷的烧结特性、介电性能、相组成和微观结构的影响.研究表明添加3 ω/%～10ω/%FeVO4可使烧结温度从1200℃降低到960℃,XRD与EDS分析表明FeVO4固溶入主晶相ZnTiNb2O8,导致晶格畸变,缺陷增加,促进传质,在液相和固溶体协同作用下降低烧结温度;随FeVO4添加量的增加,Zn0.15Nb0.3Ti0.55O2相和TiO2相含量增大,介电常数εr基本不变,Q·f值由于晶体缺陷增多和晶粒尺寸不均而下降;FeVO4添加量为4 ω/%的ZnO-Nb2O5-TiO2陶瓷可在940 ℃,2 h条件下致密烧结,微波介电性能为εr=40,Q·f=10 200 GHz(3GHz),τf=-9×10-6/℃,可用于制备各种多层微波频率器件.     

MgO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃介电特性

以2MgO-2Al2O3-5SiO2微晶玻璃为基础成分,引入TiO2和ZnO,探讨了TiO2,ZnO及不同的热处理条件对微晶玻璃相组成、介电性能的影响.结果表明Ti4+以单体TiO2形式存在,并未取代Si4+位置,形成固溶体,随TiO2含量的增加,致密化温度升高,谐振频率温度系数τf从负变正,介电常数εr增大,Qf值减小;ZnO在堇青石微晶玻璃中,Zn2+取代Mg2+位置,形成Mg1 91Zn0 09(Al4Si5 04O18)固溶体,降低体系的自由能,促进烧结;随烧结温度升高及保温时间的延长,相组成由MgAl2Si3O10,MgAl2Si4O12转化Mg1 91Zn0.09(Al4Si5 04O18)固溶体,εr减小,Qf增大.TiO2添加量为5ω/%的MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-ZnO-H3BO3玻璃,在900℃烧结2 h,可获得较佳的介电性能εr=5.53,Qf=14 000 GHz,τf=-7×10-6/℃,是一种理想的多层片式微波器件及模块用材料.     

V2O5溶胶掺杂Li1.05Nb0.55Ti0.55O3微波介质陶瓷的烧结特性及介电性能

研究了V2O5溶胶含量对Li1.05Nb0.55Ti0.55O3陶瓷烧结特性及介电性能的影响.实验结果发现,V2O5溶胶与基质形成低熔点LiVO3界面相,促使Li1.05Nb0.55Ti0.55O3烧结温度从1 100℃降至900℃;XDR表明,LiVO3相在烧结后期固溶入M相晶格中.随V2O5添加量增加,致密化温度降低,介电常数εr减少,品质因子Qf降低,频率温度系数τf变化较小掺加2%V2O5(质量分数,下同)溶胶的Li1.05Nb0.55Ti0.55O3陶瓷在900℃烧结2 h,其微波介电性能εt=60.2,Qf=3 868 GHz,τf=35.7×10-6/℃.     

低温烧结ZnO-TiO2陶瓷的结构与微波介电性能

研究了CuO-V2O5-Bi2O3(CVB)低熔化合物对ZnO-TiO2二元体系相关系和介电性能的影响规律.发现少量CVB添加剂可有效降低ZnO-TiO2陶瓷的烧结温度;烧结温度对相稳定性和介电性能影响显著,当CVB的添加量为2%(质量分数)时,可使烧结温度降至850℃,并具有优异的微波介电性能,其ε=30.5,Q×f32 000GHz,τf=10×10-6/℃;增加CVB的加入量对介电常数影响不大,但使Q×f值显著降低,而进一步提高烧结温度则会使介电常数和谐振频率温度系数显著提高,而品质因数下降.     

片式多层微波器件用Ca[(Li0.33Nb0.67)0.8Ti0.2]O3-δ微波介质陶瓷的制备

研究了烧结助剂Bi2O3对添加锌硼硅玻璃的Ca[(Li0.33Nb0.67)0.8Ti0.2]O3-δ陶瓷烧结特性、微观结构和介电性能的影响,分析了该陶瓷与银电极的共烧行为.结果表明随着Bi2O3添加量增加,陶瓷体气孔含量减少,体密度和介电常数εr增加,而品质因数Q×f值下降,频率温度系数τf由正值变为负值.添加7.5%(质量分数)锌硼硅玻璃和3.0%(质量分数)Bi2O3的陶瓷样品在900℃烧结,其介电性能εr=36.73,Q×f=10 396GHz(336GHz),τf=-3.27×10-6/℃.陶瓷与银电极共烧界面结合状况良好,无明显扩散.该材料可用于制造片式多层微波器件.     

钛钽镁酸钡的合成及其微波介电性

以Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3为基,通过不同量的Ti取代实验,探讨Ti取代对Ba(Mgx/12Ta2x/12Ti12-x/12)O3瓷(1/3＜x＜4=(简称BMTT)介电性能和结构的影响.结果表明Ti4+与Mg2+,Ta5+离子对构成类质同相代换,形成Ba(Mgx/12Ta2x/12Ti12-3x/12)O3(1/3≤x≤4)系列新固溶体,与Ba(Mg1/3T2/3)O3具有相同的晶体结构.当体系组成蜝a(Mg1/6Ta1/3Ti1/2)O3时,在1480℃下烧结保温3h所制备的材料微波介电性能为εr=89,Q×f=12 700GHz(6GHz下),τf=1.9×10-4/℃.     

添加Li2O-MgO-B2O3玻璃的Li2MgTi3O8陶瓷的微波介电性能及其与Ag共烧相容性

研究添加Li2O-MgO-B2O3玻璃对Li2MgTi3O8陶瓷的烧结特性、相纯度、微观组织和微波介电性能的影响。结果表明：添加少量的玻璃能有效地将陶瓷的烧结温度从1025℃降低到875℃,且没有恶化陶瓷的微波介电性能。添加1.5%玻璃的陶瓷在875℃烧结4 h后具有优良的微波介电性能能,其介电常数εr=25.9,品质因数Q×f=45403 GHz,谐振频率温度系数τf≈0。陶瓷和Ag电极共烧几乎不发生化学反应,表现为良好的化学相容性。所制备的陶瓷可望用于低温烧结的多层微波器件。     

Bi掺杂对Ba_(6-3x)La_(8+2x)(Ti_(0.95)Zr_(0.05))_(18)O_(54)(x=2/3)陶瓷的烧结性能和介电性能的影响

采用传统固相反应法制备Ba6-3x(La1-mBim)8+2x(Ti0.95Zr0.05)18O54(x=2/3)微波介质陶瓷,研究Bi掺杂对Ba6-3xLa8+2x(Ti0.95Zr0.05)18O54(x=2/3)陶瓷的烧结性能、微观结构以及介电性能的影响。结果表明:当0m0.4时,Bi3+取代A1位的La3+生成单相类钨青铜型固溶体;当Bi3+的掺杂量超过这个范围时,La0.176Bi0.824O1.5作为第二相出现在固溶体中;Bi3+的掺入使Ba6-3xLa8+2x(Ti0.95Zr0.05)18O54(x=2/3)陶瓷的烧结温度从1400℃降低到1300℃,同时,其介电常数大幅度提高,谐振频率温度系数减小,但品质因数急剧减小;当m=0.05时,1350℃下保温2h烧结获得的陶瓷具有微波介电性能,εr=88.63,Q·f=4395GHz,τf=6.25×10-6/℃。     

Ca1-3xLn2xTiO3（x=0．13，0．2；Ln=La，Nd，Sm）高介微波介质陶瓷

探讨了烧结温度、组成和稀土元素对Ca1-3xLn2xTiO3（x=0．13，0．2；Ln=La，Nd，Sm）陶瓷的晶体结构、微波介电性能的影响。X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明，除Ca1-3xLn2xTiO3（x=0．2；Ln=Sm）陶瓷中含有少量的第二相（Sm2Ti2O7）外，其余Ca1-3xLn2xTiO3（x=0．13，0．2；Ln=La，Nd，Sm）陶瓷均形成了单一正交钙钛矿相。x=0．13的样品微波介电性能明显优于相应的x=0．2的样品。部分Ca1-3xLn2xTiO3（x=0．13，0．2；Ln=La，Nd，Sm）陶瓷微波介电性能如下：ε=119．6、Qf=10674GHz、τf=304．4×10^-6/℃（x=0．13、Ln=La）；ε=108．9、Qf=14919GHz、τf=236．2×10^-6／℃（x=0．13、Ln=Nd）；ε=101．3、Qf=14485GHz、τf=186．6×10^-6／℃（x=0．13、Ln=Sm）。     

Bi3+离子取代对Ba6-3xLn8+2xTi18O54陶瓷结构与微波介电性能的影响

研究了Bi3+取代Ln3+对Ba6-3xLn8+2XTi18O54(LnSm,Nd)固溶体陶瓷的结构与微波介电性能的影响规律.对于Ba4[(Sm1-yNdy)1-zBiz]9 33Ti18O54,Bi3+取代对晶粒生长有促进作用,且使介电常数提高,但使Q·f值降低.xRD分析表明,对于y=0.2,当Bi3+的取代量z≤0.06时,材料保持类钙钛矿钨青铜单相结构,而当取代量较多时,类钙钛矿结构失稳,转变为(BiSm)2TiO7第二相,而对于y=0.7,则在Bi取代量达0.20时仍能保持单相钨青铜结构.且当z=0.10时,可获得优化的介电性能为ε=90.2,Q·f=9090GHz,τf=8.7×10-6/℃.     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.     

The Quasi-Ternary System Cu2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2

The quasi-ternary system Cu₂Se-Ga₂Se₃-GeSe₂ was investigated using the methods of differential thermal and x-ray analysis. An isothermal section at 770 K and a liquidus surface projection of the phase diagram were constructed. The existence of the quaternary phase CuGaGeSe₄, the boundaries of solid solutions ranges of the system compounds were established.     

34Cr2Ni2Mo

正34Cr2Ni2Mo结构钢具有高的强度、韧度和良好的淬透性和抗过热的稳定性,但白点敏感性高,有回火脆性。焊接性较差,焊前需经高温预热,焊后需消除应力,经调质后使用。一般制作强度高、塑性好的重要零部件,渗氮处理后制作特殊性能要求的重要零件,如轴类、齿轮、紧固件等。