不同基质制备嘎木朱尔涂膜剂的比较研究

目的：为了用国产的聚乙烯醇（PVA－1788）代替日本产的聚乙烯醇（PVA－124）作为基质为制备嘎木朱尔涂膜剂,方法：用两种基质（PVA－1788和PVA－124）制备嘎木朱尔涂膜剂,并在含量测定,稳定性,刺激性等方面对两种涂膜剂进行了比较,结果：二者在含量测定,稳定性,刺激性等方面均无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,结论：用国产的PVA－1788完全可以代替日本产的PVA－124作为基质制备嘎木朱尔涂膜剂。     

野菊花软膏剂的毒性试验研究

目的:为使野菊花软膏剂的应用更安全、合理。方法:将野菊花软膏剂分为高、中、低三个剂量组( 按
其浓度为0． 15 g /mL、0． 10 g /mL、0． 05 g /mL)给药。用于大鼠皮肤,同时做空白基质对照,测定其软膏剂对大鼠
皮肤的急性毒性、长期毒性试验。结果:各给药剂量组和空白基质对照组对大鼠的体重增长、血液常规、生化指
标及病理检查等项指标的测定均无显著性差异(P ＞ 0． 05)。结论:野菊花软膏剂长期连续经皮肤给药对试验大
鼠没有的毒性作用,本试验为野菊花的临床安全用药提供实验依据。     

消糜泡腾片主动皮肤过敏性及阴道刺激性试验

目的研究消糜泡腾片（XM）对豚鼠和家兔的毒性作用。方法①主动皮肤过敏实验：豚鼠30只按体重随机分成3组，每组10只，即消糜泡腾片组（0．2625g生药／0．2mL／只）、豚鼠经皮肤多次给药致敏后；激发。观察其过敏反应。并与赋形剂空白对照组（赋形剂0．2mL／只）与阳性对照组（1％2，4二硝基氯代苯0．2mL／只）相对照，②阴道刺激性试验，取大耳白兔30只按体重随机分成3组，每组10只，即消糜泡腾片高剂量组（1．05g生药／kg）、消糜泡腾片低剂量组（0．525g生药／kg）和赋形剂对照组（与高剂量组等量），家兔经阴道给药，观察其全身状态有无异常及阴道组织有无红斑和水肿等。结果豚鼠给药后未发生皮肤过敏反应；家兔给药后全身状态无明显变化，阴道组织无红斑和水肿出现。结论消糜泡腾片（XM）对家兔全身及阴道局部无不良毒性反应；对豚鼠皮肤无过敏反应。     

荷芩止痒搽剂对家兔主要脏器的毒性实验研究

［摘要］ 目的　对荷芩止痒搽剂（原生药1.5 g/mL、3.0 g/mL、6.0 g/mL）进行家兔皮肤给药4周停药恢复2 周,观察其对家兔主要脏器的毒性影响,为临床用药的安全剂量范围及监测指标提供参考. 方法　最大给药量对家兔进行经皮长期毒性实验,按2 mL/kg每天等容量皮肤给药一次,连续给药4周,停药恢复观察2周．分别于给药末期和恢复期处死动物,称量主要脏器重量、计算脏器系数并进行病理组织学检查．结果　动物解剖和病理组织学检查,各给药组与对照组主要脏器的病变发生率与病变程度基本相当,认为与给药无关．结论　家兔皮肤给予荷芩止痒搽剂1.5 g/mL·kg,折合原药材3.0 g/kg,相当于成人临床拟用最大药量20倍以下对家兔主要脏器无毒性影响,可视为安全剂量参考范围.     

Ento-Ⅰ涂膜剂对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：研究Ento-Ⅰ涂膜剂对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的预防作用,并评价其对小鼠的镇痛效果和抗凝活性。方法采用线栓法建立SD大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,雄性大鼠56只,随机分为假手术组、空白基质组、生理盐水组、Ento-Ⅰ涂膜剂预防给药组（6.67、3.33、1.67 mg/kg）、奥扎格雷钠注射液组（8.3 mg/kg,ip）共7组,通过神经病学评分、TTC染色计算脑梗死面积评价Ento-Ⅰ涂膜剂的抗脑缺血作用;通过醋酸扭体实验测定Ento-Ⅰ涂膜剂的镇痛作用：将60只昆明种小鼠随机分成空白基质组,阿司匹林灌胃组（80 mg/kg）、阿司匹林涂膜剂组（80 mg/kg）、Ento-Ⅰ涂膜剂给药组（5、10和20 mg/kg）,末次给药后1 h腹腔注射0.7%醋酸溶液,观察并记录小鼠扭体反应和扭体次数;并采用毛细玻管法测定小鼠体外凝血时间,以评价Ento-Ⅰ涂膜剂的抗凝活性。结果醋酸扭体实验结果显示,与空白基质组小鼠扭体次数相比,Ento-Ⅰ涂膜剂各剂量组（5、10、20 mg/kg）能显著降低醋酸致小鼠扭体次数并提高扭体抑制率（抑制率分别是21.79%、48.89%、56.15%）,且呈剂量效应趋势;毛细玻管法测定小鼠凝血时间,其中Ento-Ⅰ涂膜剂10和5 mg/kg的凝血时间分别为（155.20±54.19）和（155.80±73.84）s,与生理盐水组（92.10±24.61）s比较,能明显延长小鼠体外凝血时间（P＜0.05）;与空白基质组（80.40±48.09）s比较,其差异也有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;线栓法致大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤实验结果显示,在脑缺血再灌注24 h时,与生理盐水组的大鼠神经病学评分（2.33±0.52）比较,Ento-Ⅰ涂膜剂3.33 mg/kg大鼠的神经病学评分（1.00±0.00）明显改善（P＜0.01）;据TTC染色后脑梗死面积计算结果显示,生理盐水组和空白基质组的脑梗死率分别为（24.89±7.24）%和（27.72±7.89）%,Ento-Ⅰ涂膜剂6.67和3.33 mg/kg的脑梗死率则分别为（14.01±2.65）%和（14.73±4.94）%,与2个模型组比较,Ento-Ⅰ3.33和6.67 mg/kg均能显著降低大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后的脑梗死率（P＜0.01）。结论 Ento-Ⅰ涂膜剂有较强的镇痛作用和抗凝活性,并能降低大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后神经病学评分、显著降低脑梗死率,可能以此实现其抗脑缺血作用。     

茯苓延缓大鼠皮肤衰老作用的实验研究

目的：探讨茯苓对老年大鼠红细胞中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，皮肤中SOD活性及羟脯氨酸含量的影响，进而推测茯苓延缓皮肤衰老的机制。方法：Wistar大白鼠分为青年对照组，老年空白组，阳性对照组，茯苓低剂量组，茯苓中剂量组，茯苓高剂量组。分别予以NS（20ml/kg)，NS（20ml/kg)，维生素E（2g/kg），茯苓提取液2g/kg，4g/kg,8g/kg灌胃。30天后取材检测相应指标。结果：各组的羟脯氨酸含量均高于老年空白组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。茯苓低剂量组，茯苓中剂量组，茯苓高剂量组中的红细胞及皮肤中ＳＯＤ活性与老年空白组无显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：茯苓可能是通过提高皮肤中 羟脯氨酸的含量来延缓皮肤衰老，而对ＳＯＤ的活性没有影响。     

双氯灭痛涂膜剂体外透皮扩散研究

本实验采用透皮扩散装置及离体小鼠、大鼠、家兔皮肤，以生理盐水为接受介质，进行了双氯灭痛涂膜剂体外透皮扩散研究。结果表明：双氯灭痛给药剂量为１．５ｍｇ／ｃｍ＾２时，其累积透皮百分率次序为：家兔（７０．９３％）〉小鼠（６２．４３％）〉大鼠（４１．４４）；稳态透皮速率（Ｊ）分别为１０７．０±６．１８，９０．２６±８．７６，６４．９２±１１．４μｇ／ｃｍ＾２·ｈ。     

甲磺酸帕珠沙星软膏的制备及质量控制

目的：制备甲磺酸帕珠沙星软膏并建立其质量控制方法。方法：以甘油、凡士林等为基质制备软膏，采用高效液相色谱法测定其中主药含量，测定波长为249nm。结果：甲磺酸帕珠沙星检测浓度在20．0～80．0μg/ml范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9999），平均回收率为98．17％（RSD=1．43％，n=3）。结论：本方法简便、准确、重现性好，可用于甲磺酸帕珠沙星软膏的质量控制。     

舒乐洗剂主要药效学及毒理学的实验研究

目的：研究舒乐洗剂的药理作用及其对皮肤的刺激性,方法：采用二甲苯致小鼠耳部急性炎症肿胀,磷酸组胺致肠鼠瘙模型,观察舒乐洗剂（12．5％,25．0％,50．0％,0．05ml/只）的抗炎消肿及（12．5％,25．0％,50．0％,0．1ml/100g)止痒作用,应用高浓度舒乐洗剂（50％,1ml/只）观察其对兔的皮肤刺激性,结果：（1）舒乐洗剂（25．0,50．0％,05ml/只）对二甲苯致小鼠耳部急性炎症肿胀有明显抗炎,消肿作用;（2）舒乐洗剂（25．0％,50．0％,0．1mg/100g)显著提高豚鼠致痒阈;（3）高浓度舒乐洗剂（50．0％,1ml/只）,对兔的正常皮肤无刺激性（平均反应值≤0．5）,对兔的损伤皮肤有轻度刺激性（0．5＜平均反应值≤2．0）,但给药组与蒸水组比较无明显差异,结论：舒乐洗剂具有良好的抗炎,消肿及止痒作用,对皮肤无明显刺激性。     

益肾降压方对肾实质性高血压大鼠血压及肾功能的影响

目的：了解不同剂量益肾降压方对肾实质性高血压（RPH）大鼠血压及肾功能的影响。方法：采用肾大部切除法建立RPH模型。随机分为实验组（益肾降压方高剂量组0．72ml/100g体重、中剂量组0．36ml/100g体重、低剂量组0.17ml/100g体重）、阳性药对照组（开博通1.6mg/100g体重）、空白对照组（水0.5ml/100g体重）。每日灌胃1次，连续8周。分别于2、4、6、8周测定血压、肌酐、尿素氮、肌酐清除率。利用多因素方差分析方法，分析不同剂量益肾降压方对RPH大鼠血压及肾功能的影响。结果：肌酐：益肾降压方各组与空白对照组比较均有显著性差异（P＜0．05）；血压：6周时益肾降压方各组与对照组比较有显著性差异（高剂量组P＜0．05，中剂量组P＜0．001，低剂量组P＜0．001）；肌酐清除率：6周时实验组与空白对照组相比有显著差（P＜0．05），8周时益肾降压方各组与空白对照组均有显著差异（高剂量组P＜0．05，中剂量组P＜0．001，低剂量组P＜0．001）。结论：益肾降压方能降低模型大鼠血压，并对肾功能有一定的保护作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.