水性纳米二氧化钛浆料的研制

研制了一种纳米TiO2水性浆料。研究了钛酸酯偶联剂、分散剂、pH、有机膨润土以及分散方法对浆料稳定性的影响。获得了最佳配方:0.12%钛酸酯偶联剂B,0.5%分散剂3275,pH=11,0.5%有机膨润土,分散方法为高速剪切30min 砂磨10h 超声波分散30min。获得了稳定性可达到3个月以上的水性纳米TiO2浆料。紫外加速老化试验表明,当纳米TiO2浆料占清漆的3%时,经过1000h的加速老化实验后,清漆不变色。     

正交实验优化纳米ATO浆料分散工艺

运用正交实验法研究了超声时间、pH值、分散剂种类、分散剂用量以及高速搅拌时间对纳米ATO浆料的分散稳定性的影响。结果表明,当分散剂为硅烷偶联剂KH-570、分散剂用量20%,超声分散时间2 h,pH值为10,高速分散时间为2h的条件下,纳米ATO水性浆料分散比较均匀。利用激光粒度分析仪测定分散均匀后的纳米ATO浆料,发现绝大部分的纳米ATO粒径都在150 nm以内,说明该工艺可以适用于纳米ATO浆料的分散。     

纳米ITO水性浆料分散性能的影响因素研究

以ITO粉体为原料,通过球磨分散法研制ITO水性浆料;研究不同分散剂(PEG、PVP、曲通X-100)的用量、ITO粉体用量、球磨分散时间、pH值对纳米ITO浆料稳定性能的影响,采用沉降实验的方法来对浆料的稳定性进行表征与分析,研究结果表明,在pH=8.0,分散剂为PVP,分散剂用量为ITO粉体质量分数的10%,球磨分散时间为15 h,ITO浆料稳定性最好。     

基于正交实验的纳米ATO浆料的分散稳定性研究

采用正交实验对纳米掺锑氧化锡(ATO)浆料的制备条件进行了优化,研究了磁力搅拌时间、分散剂种类、分散剂用量、pH值和超声分散时间对纳米ATO浆料分散稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:在磁力搅拌时间为1 h,分散剂用量为10%,pH值为10,分散剂为4#和超声分散时间为30 min的条件下,纳米ATO浆料的分散稳定性最好。     

用于环境功能涂料的纳米TiO2/SiO2复合光催化剂的制备工艺

针对环境功能涂料制备过程中TiO2纳米颗粒在水性涂料中极易团聚、分散性差的问题,以提高分散稳定性和改善光催化氧化活性为目的,采用溶胶．凝胶法,以锐钛矿型纳米TiO2粉体为载体,Na2SiO3为包覆剂,H2SO4为中和剂,成功地制备了分散性优良、光催化活性可控的纳米TiO2／SiO2复合粉体。结果表明,包覆剂用量、包覆温度及中和时间是影响催化剂分散稳定性和光催化活性的主要因素。通过实验优化确定最佳工艺条件为：分散剂5027用量为2％(wt,5027／H2O)：分散液pH值为9．5左右;中和时间为2h;包覆温度根据对其光催化活性的不同要求可控制为23℃或80℃：Na2SiO3用量6％(wt,SiO／TiO2):陈化液pH值为9．0左右。     

纳米氧化铝浆料制备及在水性木器漆中的应用

以钛酸酯为表面改性剂,聚羧酸钠盐为分散剂,采用超声分散法制备了一种平均粒径84 nm、贮存稳定性达60天以上的纳米氧化铝浆料.通过对悬浮体系Zata电位和吸光度的测定,讨论了不同pH值、分散剂、偶联剂及用量对悬浮液稳定性的影响.激光散射粒度分析仪测试及透射电镜(TEM)观察都表明:纳米氧化铝在体系中分散效果良好.将制备的浆料加入水性木器漆中,可以明显提高漆膜的硬度.     

纳米TiO_2水分散体系稳定性的研究

研究了不同类型的分散剂对金红石型纳米TiO2在水中分散体系稳定性,探讨了分散剂、偶联剂用量、纳米TiO2浓度及pH值对纳米TiO2水分散体系的影响。结果表明,最佳分散剂为SK-5040,最佳分散条件为:100 mL纳米TiO2水溶液中,最佳分散剂用量为1.0 g,KH-570硅烷偶联剂用量为1.5 mL,纳米TiO2浓度为1.0%,pH值为10。     

不同颗粒尺寸α－A12O3粉体制备稳定浆料的研究

通过改变pH值和分散剂的浓度，对不同颗粒尺寸的α—A12O3粉体制得浆料的稳定性、分散性以及流变特性进行研究．结果表明。pH值和分散剂用量对α—A12O3浆料的稳定性和分散性有显著影响．用不同颗粒尺寸的α—A12O3粉体制备高稳定、高分散的陶瓷浆料，其量适pH值和量佳分散剂用量各不相同．α—A12O3浆料的流变特性呈剪切稀化特点，悬浮浆料的粘度随固含量的增加而上升，而最佳分散剂用量不随浆料固含量的变化而改变．     

纳米SiO2复合水性丙烯酸树脂的制备及形态研究

通过原位聚合和共混两种方法制备水性纳米SiO2复合丙烯酸树脂分散液,利用各种方法研究了纳米复合丙烯酸树脂的化学结构、纳米SiO2的分散形态和涂层表面微观粗糙度.旨在探讨纳米SiO2改性水性丙烯酸树脂涂层的可能途径.     

聚乙烯亚胺对纳米SiO2空心颗粒分散行为的影响

采用在制备过程中添加聚电解质型分散剂聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和在制备好的纳米SiO2空心颗粒水悬浮液中添加PEI并球磨这两种方法对纳米SiO2空心颗粒进行分散,并对这两种方法进行了比较,最后采用以PEI作为分散剂,利用球磨工艺,对已制备的纳米SiO2空心颗粒水悬浮液进行分散的方法,研究了PEI在纳米SiO2空心颗粒表面的吸附行为及水悬浮液的分散稳定性.结果表明,PEI在纳米SiO2空心颗粒表面的吸附提高了颗粒间的排斥势能,改善了纳米SiO2空心颗粒的团聚问题及其悬浮液的稳定性.并阐明了加入PEI后纳米SiO2空心颗粒表面ζ电位的变化趋势、不同pH值下PEI在纳米SiO2空心颗粒表面的吸附量与其加入量的关系等.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。