共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 742 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
首先采用系统性人因失误减少和预测方法(SHERPA)分析操纵员界面管理任务中的关键行为;再用行为分析软件(INTERACT9)分析国内某数字化核电厂全范围模拟机上操纵员的操作录像视频,之后对INTERACT9采集的关键行为数据进行统计分析,得到4个操纵员界面管理任务的一般特征:①一、二回路操作员操作菜单栏、选择监视目标和打开参数界面的频率最高;②操纵员在选择进入不同系统界面的方式上趋向于选择从菜单栏进入;③一回路操纵员在正常工况和事故工况下的界面管理任务没有明显差异;二回路操纵员在正常工况下的界面管理任务明显少于事故工况;④正常工况下,一回路操纵员的界面管理任务显著多于二回路操纵员;事故工况下,一回路操纵员的界面管理任务与二回路操纵员的的界面管理任务相当。 相似文献
7.
基于统一建模语言对核电厂主控室操纵员的行为特性的分析,提出了对操纵员行为进行工作流建模的方法,进而通过工作流模型来考察操纵员的人因可靠性.对操纵员行为的工作流建模不仅可以准确、形象地反映操纵员的行为特性和内在约束,实现对操纵员行为的可靠性分析;而且操纵员行为工作流模型的仿真执行还能实现从多个角度(操纵员行为、负荷情况、资源运行效率、流程优化等)进行考察.文中通过简化的正常工况和异常工况的典型事例展示了操纵员行为的工作流建模方法. 相似文献
8.
9.
由于人因可靠性分析(HRA)方法中用于量化基本人因失误概率(HEP)的行为形成因子(PSF)数目众多,且一般是通过专家评判,从而带有主观性、模糊性和不确定性。本文提出一种利用相关系数矩阵、图的距离分类和主成分分析法相结合的方法构建核电厂数字化主控室操纵员PSF的评价模型,其目的是识别不同类型的人因事件中主要影响人因绩效的PSF,以供决策减少人因失误。对某核电厂的179起人因事件报告进行实验,结果表明该评价模型能对核电厂数字化主控室操纵员的PSF进行有效评价。 相似文献
10.
人因可靠性分析(HRA)已成为概率安全分析(PSA)必不可少的内容.事故前人因事件可靠性分析作为HRA的重要组成部分,对PSA最终计算结果有重要影响.本文描述了事故前人因事件分析的基本程序、方法及分析文档模式,建立了程序化的事故前人因事件分析模式,该分析方法在国内某核电厂最近的HRA分析中得到应用并取得成功. 相似文献
11.
12.
Dong Young Kim 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(10):1288-1310
Recently, main control rooms have been considerably changed by modern computer techniques. Some of the features that distinguish digital control rooms from conventional, analog rooms in nuclear power plants include advanced alarm systems, graphic information display systems, computerized procedure systems, and soft control. These features can bring changes in operator tasks, changing the characteristics of tasks or creating new tasks for operators. It is especially expected that these features may bring out changes in the operator's diagnostic tasks and strategies in a digital control room as compared with an analog control room. This study investigates the differences in the operator's diagnostic tasks and strategies in analog and digital control rooms. This study also attempts to evaluate how new systems in a digital control room affect diagnostic strategies. Three different approaches, which are complementary, are used to identify diagnostic strategies in the digital control room and in the analog control room: (1) observation in the simulator, (2) interview with operators, and (3) a literature review. The results show that the digital control room introduces new diagnosis strategies compared with the analog control room while also changing the characteristics of the strategies, mostly by gaining more support from the computerized system. 相似文献
13.
人因可靠性分析(HRA)是核电厂风险分析中的重要组成部分,其中人误事件的相关性分析是HRA中必不可少的内容,忽略人误事件间的相关性,将导致低估核电厂的风险水平。本文提出了一种基于D(邓)数和层次分析法-决策试行与评价实验室(AHP-DEMATEL)方法的相关性分析模型。首先,确定两事件间相关性的影响因素及其结构关系,并针对每个影响因素建立相关性等级的隶属度函数及其锚点;其次,利用AHP-DEMATEL方法来确定各影响因素的综合权重;最后,根据实际情况评估各因素的相关性等级并构建D数,并根据D数和综合权重计算出两人因事件的相关性程度及其可信度,通过算例验证了该模型及其方法的有效性。 相似文献
14.
核电厂传统人员可靠性分析方法中引入班组因素的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在核电厂等大型复杂系统中,人员干预行为通常以班组的协作来完成,而目前核电厂概率安全评价(PSA)采用的以人的失误率预测技术(THERP)和人的认知可靠性(HCR)方法为代表的人员可靠性分析(HRA)方法主要关注对个人绩效的影响,它们在评估核电厂主控室班组绩效时存在一定局限。本文定义一种新的绩效形成因子“班组绩效形成因子(TPSF)”,并将其合理地引入THERP和HCR方法的定量化体系中,使它们可在一定程度上体现班组环境对人员绩效的影响。文章提出了TPSF等级的评价方法及将其引入THERP和HCR方法的定性实施框架。结果证明,合理地将班组因素引入传统HRA方法能改进它们对班组环境下人员绩效模化的合理性。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
随着传感器技术的发展,核动力装置能采集和监测的运行参数越来越多,这不仅加大了操纵员的负担,而且提升了监测系统的负载。考虑到大多数参数之间具有相关性且部分参数是冗余参数,其中的有效信息可用少数参数表达,因此提出了运用机器学习方法稀疏自动编码器对核动力装置的运行参数进行特征提取,然后将提取的特征数据应用到状态监测中。结果表明,在测试样本数据中分别包含单一正常工况数据和多种正常工况数据情况下,经过特征提取后的数据不仅能提升状态监测的精度,而且还能减少计算资源,这对提升核动力装置的安全性具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
18.
Seunghwan Kim Yochan Kim Wondea Jung 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2016,53(8):1097-1111
The advanced main control room (advanced-MCR) is the one that allows for reactor operations based on digital instrumentation and control (I&C) technology. Thus, the operators of an advanced-MCR operate the plant through digital I&C interfaces, and for this purpose, an additional digital manipulation task for the operating equipment should be performed that cannot be observed in a conventional-MCR. As a prior study proposing the cognitive, communicative, and operational activity measurement approach (COCOA), COCOA enables an evaluation of the operator's workload in an advanced-MCR, which includes newly generated tasks for Man-Machine Interface System based secondary operation under a digital environment, which does not exist in a conventional-MCR. As a result of observations on the workload level by utilizing COCOA for a reference plant with an advanced-MCR when conducting an emergency operating procedure, it was observed that the workload of the shift supervisor is about two times greater than that of other operators. This is because operators therein stuck to the old guidelines customized to a conventional-MCR and failed to accomplish load balancing in consideration of the operation environment that an advanced-MCR provides. In this context, it would be imperative to develop and apply an operations strategy for an advanced-MCR operation. This study proposes an operations strategy in an attempt to make a balanced workload of operators in an advanced-MCR. 相似文献