共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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标准化核电厂人因风险分析(SPAR-H)方法在数字化核电厂的适用性尚未得到充分研究。本研究通过对核电厂数字化后操纵员行为特征的研究和SPAR-H方法在岭东核电厂中的具体应用,分析得出SPAR-H方法应用于数字化核电厂时存在分析结果过度保守、认知过程不够完整、部分行为形成因子(PSF)过于敏感等不足,并针对以上不足对SPAR-H方法提出明确PSF水平的判断标准、完善SPAR-H方法的认知模型、建立人因数据库等改进建议,从而使SPAR-H方法更适用于数字化核电厂的人因可靠性分析。 相似文献
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为了建立数字化核电厂操纵员监视行为可靠性量化模型,在分析电厂数字化主控室设计特征和操纵员监视行为的基础上,结合监视活动过程与规律,将监视行为可靠性划分为屏幕间转移可靠性、屏幕内信息搜索转移可靠性和信息察觉可靠性3部分。基于Senders的监视理论建立了屏幕间转移可靠性计算模型;基于注意力资源分配理论建立了屏幕内信息搜索转移可靠性计算模型;考虑行为形成因子(PSF)的因果关系,基于贝叶斯网络建立了信息察觉可靠性计算模型,并给出了"误安注"场景下监视可靠性计算应用实例。结果表明,建立的监视行为可靠性模型既能客观地描述操纵员监视过程,又能给出其可靠性量化结果,克服了传统方法的不足,提高了人因可靠性分析的精度,为数字化主控室操纵员监视行为可靠性分析与工程应用提供了理论与技术支持。 相似文献
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基于统一建模语言对核电厂主控室操纵员的行为特性的分析,提出了对操纵员行为进行工作流建模的方法,进而通过工作流模型来考察操纵员的人因可靠性.对操纵员行为的工作流建模不仅可以准确、形象地反映操纵员的行为特性和内在约束,实现对操纵员行为的可靠性分析;而且操纵员行为工作流模型的仿真执行还能实现从多个角度(操纵员行为、负荷情况、资源运行效率、流程优化等)进行考察.文中通过简化的正常工况和异常工况的典型事例展示了操纵员行为的工作流建模方法. 相似文献
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Yanzi Liu Yu Luan Gang Zhang Jianjun Jiang Li Zhang 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2020,57(6):719-733
ABSTRACTAs the main control room of nuclear power plants (NPPs) has been gradually digitized, new human reliability problems may emerge because of a series of new changes in the cognitive processes, behavioral patterns, and error mechanisms of operators. Aiming to address this situation, this paper proposes a method as guidance for human reliability analysis (HRA) of different cognitive Stages. This method first constructs the influencing factors of three cognitive processes, including monitoring, decision-making, and execution of actions, and then evaluates the weights of these influencing factors through an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In this study, the parameters used in the proposed HRA method were determined by analyzing the test data obtained from a simulation model, and the results demonstrated the rationality and feasibility of the proposed method. A case example using this HRA method was given in which the human error probabilities at three stages in a nuclear power plant (NPP) steam generator tube ruptures (SGTR) accident were obtained. In summary, the proposed method is a simple and feasible HRA tool that can be applied in digital NPP main control rooms (MCRs). 相似文献
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班组情景意识(TSA)水平是影响班组可靠性的重要原因。为更客观地定量评价数字化核电厂TSA水平,通过定性分析和专家组讨论构建TSA因果概念模型,发展基于贝叶斯网络的TSA可靠性评价方法。该评价方法不仅考虑了行为形成因子(PSF)的相对权重,且发展了分别用于确定中间变量和二值变量条件概率的方法,使获得的概率数据更为客观合理。通过案例分析说明该方法的具体应用。结果表明,该方法不仅能很好地模拟PSF与TSA可靠性之间的因果关系,且在给定事故情景下能定量对TSA可靠性进行评价,并能识别出引发TSA失误的最重要原因,为人因失误预防提供理论支持。 相似文献
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Human reliability analysis (HRA) is performed as part of the probabilistic risk assessment to identify and quantify human actions and the associated impacts on structures, systems, and components of complex facilities. In performing HRA, conditions that influence human performance have been analyzed in terms of several context factors. These context factors, which are called performance shaping factors (PSFs) are used to adjust the basic human error probability (BHEP), and PSFs have been derived in various ways depending on the HRA methods used. 相似文献