光电侦查平台中电容式角位传感器的应用

机载光电侦查平台对于内俯仰框架、内方位的旋转角度的测量具有很高的要求,传统的传感器已经日益难以满足侦查平台的需求,此时将高精度的电容式角位传感器应用到光电侦查平台上,实现角位移精确的测量就成为了光电侦察平台发展的重中之重。文章建立了基于偏心原理的高精度角位移测量方法,并根据此原理设计了一套实验装置,实验结果表明该设计方法测量的角度值和距离具有良好的线性度。     

基于加权最小二乘的激光跟踪姿态角测量方法

针对现代工业生产中大型装备的生产、制造和装配对于姿态精准测量提出的需求,提出了一种基于加权最小二乘的激光跟踪姿态角测量方法。首先,阐述了姿态测量系统的组成,并对姿态测量系统中使用的坐标系进行定义;其次,建立了姿态测量数学模型,在此基础上利用加权最小二乘法对冗余角度信息进行数据融合,并采用蒙特卡洛法对融合方法进行了仿真分析;最后,搭建了姿态测量实验平台,利用精密二维转台对系统姿态角测量精度进行了评定。实验结果表明:在[?30°, 30°]角度范围内,测量距离为3 m时姿态角测量精度为0.28°,测量距离为8 m时姿态角测量精度为1.76°;与单目视觉法相比,姿态角测量精度在3 m时提升了6.7%,在8 m时提升了18.8%。文中提出的数据融合方法对姿态角测量精度的提升具有较好效果。     

弹载滚转稳定平台相对转角测量电路设计

提高常规高旋弹药飞行姿态参数测量精度的难点是如何解决惯性器件量程与精度互相矛盾的问题。采用滚转稳定平台能够解决弹体高旋对惯性器件量程的影响,能够采用小量程、高精度的陀螺仪测量弹体的飞行姿态参数。然而滚转稳定平台的惯性测量组合与弹体之间有相对转动,此时惯性测量组合所测参数并不是弹体的飞行参数,需要一个能够测量相对转角的装置才能得到弹体完整的飞行姿态参数。针对此问题,本文利用增量式光电编码器设计相对转角测量电路,并对增量式光电编码器在实际应用过程中出现的问题进行了研究,最后通过三轴飞行仿真转台试验进行验证。试验证明,该相对转角测量电路具有一定的可行性和有效性,能够有效测量惯性测量组合与弹体之间的相对转角,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于MLE算法的海上角度交会测量方法及其精度分析

针对我国现有测量船单站REA测量体制精度相对较低的问题,提出了基于光电经纬仪的海上角度交会测量方法。介绍了角度交会测量原理和设备布站原则,构建了AE-AE异面交会测量系统,设计了基于MLE(Maximum Likelihood Estimation)算法的海上角度交会测量算法和船摇修正方法,仿真分析了船体姿态测量误差、设备测角误差以及站址定位误差等的影响。仿真结果表明,站址测量误差是海上角度交会测量的最主要误差源,船体姿态测量误差和设备测角误差对海上角度交会测量精度有一定的影响,当船体水平姿态测量误差优于20″、航向测量误差优于30″、设备测角误差优于20″、站址测量误差优于1 m时,海上角度交会测量精度可达1 m。该法解决了动态条件下的飞行目标高精度测量技术难题,为后续工程设计奠定了基础。     

基于三维光学信息的人体姿态快速测量

汽车中人体姿态三维测量对汽车座椅设计的舒适性评价具有重要的意义。为了快速准确地获取车内人体三维数据,文中采用一种基于双目视觉的立体三维数据获取方法,该方法将结构光与标记点相结合,实现了人体三维点云快速重建以及三维姿态(距离、角度)自动快速测量。实验结果表明,该方法在距离2 m以上,测量范围1.5 m×2 m时,人体姿态测量精度可以达到0.03 mm,满足了汽车人体姿态高精度三维数据采集的需求。与传统的汽车人体姿态三维测量方法相比,文中所使用的三维自动测量方法不仅自动化程度高,而且具有测量精度高、速度快、鲁棒性强的优点。     

基于鱼群算法的机载光电平台误差分配方法

由于传统误差分配方法效率低,依赖经验反复试凑,难以满足高精度分配的需要。根据机载光电平台目标测量的特点,构建了由大地地理坐标系到光电平台成像系统坐标系的目标测量数学模型,讨论了转换过程中影响精度的主要因素,确定了待分配的目标测量主要误差源,建立了基于蒙特卡罗统计方法的目标测量误差模型。通过将考虑方向性的目标测量误差分配问题转化为无约束的优化问题,运用鱼群算法对满足测量误差总要求的误差源分配方案进行寻优。计算结果表明,本文提出的误差分配方法有效可行,对机载光电平台误差分配具有一定的参考价值。     

机载平台6-D运动误差对LiDAR点云质量的影响比较

直升机载荷平台6-D（Six-Dimensional）运动误差（即飞行轨迹和姿态角运动误差）对机载LiDAR点云质量影响显著,进而影响三维重建模型精度。分析各运动误差对点云质量的影响特点,对于有针对性地消除各运动误差影响、有效提高机载LiDAR三维成像产品精度具有重要意义。建立了机载激光扫描脚点三维空间位置偏差与机载平台六方位运动误差之间的传递关系;采用数值仿真,定量比较了六方位运动误差对激光点云密度分布和的影响,获得了六方位运动误差的影响特点及规律。仿真结果表明,直升机载荷平台的三个姿态角运动误差对点云密度的影响更显著,且随飞行高度的增大而增大,而三个飞行轨迹运动误差的影响相对较小。     

大间距空间角度测量技术进展及分析

角度测量广泛应用于工业生产和国防军事领域,介绍了大间距空间角测量技术研究进展并对典型测量设备进行了分析。提出了一种基于机器视觉的动态角测量方法,利用高精度两轴伺服系统识别跟踪远处场景中的十字分划靶标,利用图像处理算法实时计算跟踪偏移量并传递给两轴伺服系统进行高低、方位角度修正。通过构建被测对象、合作目标和角度测量传感器三者之间的角度坐标系传递模型,实现了武器系统调炮精度检测。另外也可用于光电桅杆偏移量及火炮身管晃动量检测,具有精度高、成本低等特点,适合于外场条件下大间距空间角测量。     

一种基于卫星单天线的弹体伪姿态测量新方法

创新性地提出了智能弹药平台卫星导航伪姿态测量方法。作为惯性导航或地磁传感器弹姿测量的补充与备份;基于运动学原理,在不引入惯性测量单元和磁强计的情况下,利用传统卫星导航接收机测量的速度信息,在弹体飞行攻角和侧滑角较小的情况下,实现了弹体三维伪姿态运动学建模与解算;通过坐标变换将伪姿态变换为惯性系坐标,其精度指标满足实际制导需求。     

基于单个IMU的光电升降桅杆姿态测量方法

为解决光电桅杆在升降过程中的姿态解算问题,提出了一种全新的光电桅杆工作姿态测量方法。采用1个IMU实时测量光电桅杆升降过程中顶端工作部的点姿态(俯仰角,滚转角γ和方位角ψ),利用桅杆工作部起始点姿态与升降过程中工作点部姿态间的转换矩阵,实时解算出光电桅杆的工作姿态(扭曲角θ,倾斜角α,和偏向角β)。理论上推导了姿态解算方程,构建了光电升降桅杆动态姿态解算模型。利用姿态传感器MPU6050搭建了姿态测量系统,验证了桅杆姿态解算模型。实验结果表明:在 |θ,γ,ψ| < 90°时,此方法可以准确的测量出光电桅杆的工作姿态。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.