1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚光度法测铜的实验研究

研究了以十六烷基三甲溴化胺(CTMAB)阳离子型微乳液—Triton-100混合微乳液为介质助溶,在pH=4⁶的NaAC-HAC缓冲液中,铜(II)与1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)的显色反应。结果表明:该体系最大吸收波长为λ=500 nm,回归方程为A=0.0130C(μg/mL)+0.028 7,相关系数r=0.999 1,摩尔吸光系数ε=2.258×104L/mol·cm,铜含量在06的NaAC-HAC缓冲液中,铜(II)与1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)的显色反应。结果表明:该体系最大吸收波长为λ=500 nm,回归方程为A=0.0130C(μg/mL)+0.028 7,相关系数r=0.999 1,摩尔吸光系数ε=2.258×104L/mol·cm,铜含量在0⁰.8μg/mL范围内符合朗伯比尔定律。方法可靠快速,可用于含铜样品的测定。     

7-(2''''-羧基苯偶氮)-8-羟基喹哪啶的合成及其在镍(Ⅱ)分析中的应用

合成了新显色剂7 (2 ' 羧基苯偶氮) 8 羟基喹哪啶(CAHQD),研究了其与镍(II)的显色反应及其反应条件,在pH=5的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲介质和乳化剂OP存在下,CAHQD与镍(Ⅱ)形成2∶1稳定紫红色配合物。最大吸收波长位于570nm处,表观摩尔吸收系数为1. 4×104 L.mol-1·cm-1。镍含量在0~30μg/25mL范围内符合比尔定律,显色体系灵敏度较高。     

2-（2′喹啉偶氮）-4，5-二甲氧基苯酚光度法测定钢铁中的镍

合成了新显色剂2-(2’-喹啉偶氮)-4,5-二甲氧基苯酚,研究了其与镍(Ⅱ)的显色反应,在pH=5.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中,在CTMAB存在下,新试剂与镍(Ⅱ)应生成2∶1稳定的配合物,配合物的最大吸收波长为560 nm,摩尔吸收系数9.63×104L/(mol.cm)。镍(Ⅱ)含量在0~10μg/25 mL内符合比尔定律。     

双波长分光光度法同时测定电镀液中的钴和镍

考察了以4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚(PAR)作为显色剂,用双波长分光光度法同时测定电镀液中的钴和镍的最佳实验条件.在pH=8.0的氯化铵-氨水缓冲溶液中,以λmax.Co=512nm,λ参比.Co=482nm为测定钴的波长对,Co的线性方程为y=0.0907x-0.0162,线性范围为8.00～22.00μg/25mL;以λmax,Ni=496nm,λ参比,Ni=526nm为测定镍的波长对,Ni的线性方程为y=0.363x 0.0197,线性范围为4.00～14.00μg/25mL.对电镀液进行加标回收实验结果表明,该方法精密度高,结果准确,令人满意.     

双峰双波长分光光度法测定微量镍

在非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100存在下,pH=9.0的硼砂缓冲介质中5-Br-PADAP与镍()生成紫红色络合物,试剂空白和络合物的最大吸收波长分别为440nm和564nm,镍II的含量0-12μg/25mL范围内符合比尔定律。本文研究了双峰双波长分光光度法测定镍的方法,结果表明:该方法的灵敏度高,选择性好,其表观摩尔吸光系数为1.54×105L.mol-1.cm-1,并且用于测定钢样中镍的含量,结果与推荐值相符,RSD小于5%。     

分光光度法测定锌-锰电镀液中微量镉

采用镉(II)-碘化钾-罗丹明高灵敏度显色体系,直接测定锌-锰电镀液中的微量镉。镀液中Cd(II)的检出限为0.59μg/L,回收率为96.5%～103.3%,线性范围为0～0.18μg/mL,相对标准偏差RSD≤3.23%(n=8)。该方法无需分离基体,结果准确、快速,能满足实际生产的要求。     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中三种香豆素的含量

建立了测定三种香豆素类物质———香豆素,7-甲氧基香豆素,6-甲基香豆素在化妆品中含量的高效液相色谱法。采用甲醇超声提取,液相色谱分离测定。结果为三种被测物在0.1μg/mL~40μg/mL均与对应的峰面积呈良好线性关系(R>0.999 9)。在添加质量浓度为0.1μg/mL、0.4μg/mL、2.0μg/mL时,回收率在86.2%~97.2%,精密度RSD<4.3%,最低检出限香豆素0.03μg/mL(S/N=3.8)、7-甲氧基香豆素0.01μg/mL(S/N=3.6)和6-甲基香豆素0.03μg/mL(S/N=2.4)。     

分光光度法同时测定镀液中钴和镍

研究了在pH为8.0的氯化铵-氨水缓冲溶液中,以4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚为显色剂,应用双波长K系数分光光度法同时测定镀液中的钴和镍。钴以512 nm/482 nm为波长对,其线性范围为0.080~1.0μg/mL;镍以496 nm/526 nm为波长对,其线性范围为0.040~1.0μg/mL。此法用于合金镀液中钴和镍的同时测定,取得了较满意的结果。     

新显色剂2-磺酸基苯基-1,4-二氨基重氮偶氮苯的合成及其与镍(Ⅱ)的显色反应

介绍了新显色剂2-磺酸基苯基-1,4-二氨基重氮偶氮苯的合成及其与镍(Ⅱ)的显色反应。实验表明,在非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100的存在下,在pH10.5的硼砂—氢氧化钠缓冲介质中,镍(Ⅱ)与SDADA形成量比=1∶3的红色络合物,在545 nm处有一最大吸收峰,在433 nm处有一最大负吸收峰。镍(Ⅱ)质量浓度在0.12~0.28μg/mL的范围内符合比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数为9.60×105L.mol/cm。     

3-甲基-4-硝基-5-氯吡唑的HPLC测定法

目的:采用高效液相色谱法测定3-甲基-4-硝基-5-氯吡唑含量.方法:用Waters symmetryC8(3.9mm×150mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(50:50),流速1mL/min,柱温:25℃,检测波长274nm.结果:在160.48μg/mL～401.20μg/mL范围成线性(r=0.9998,n=5),平均回收率为98.93%,RSD=1.91%.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.