苜蓿叶蛋白在食品中的应用研究

从紫苜蓿叶中提取出的食用苜蓿叶蛋白（ＥＡＬＰ）含有５７．９％蛋白质和１２．７％膳食纤维，是一种良好的食用蛋白新资源。ＥＡＬＰ的氨基酸配比较合理，营养价值较好，但工艺特性较差。对面粉的添加量超过３％～４％时，会对面团流变学特性、面包焙烤品质与面条烹煮品质造成明显不良影响，因此通常的添加范围不超过３％～４％。当添加量增大时，需同时配合些活性面筋粉之类品质改良剂。     

添加萌发绿豆粉对面包品质的影响研究

为提高杂粮加工利用途径,开发杂粮新食品,本研究以明绿豆为萌发绿豆粉原料,考察了萌发绿豆粉的添加量对面包品质的影响。通过单因素实验确定萌发绿豆粉添加量最适范围为5%～10%,采用正交试验对面包制作配方进行优化得出:萌发绿豆粉添加量6%,酵母添加量3%,白砂糖添加量16%,黄油添加量9%,此时面包具有良好的品质与风味。与普通面包粉的粉质特性相比,当萌发绿豆粉添加量为6%时,面团的粉质特性差异不大,其吸水率升高为68.4%,面团形成时间缩短4.8min,粉质质量指数达145;且可溶性膳食纤维含量增加58.62%,不可溶性膳食纤维含量减少24.26%。     

米糠膳食纤维对鲜湿米粉食用品质的影响

通过测试鲜湿米粉的蒸煮特性、质构特性和感官品质,研究米糠膳食纤维添加量对鲜湿米粉食用品质的影响。结果表明,米糠膳食纤维添加量≤2%可使鲜湿米粉具有较好的蒸煮特性,添加量≤3%可使鲜湿米粉具有良好的质构特性,添加量≤6%对鲜湿米粉感官品质没有显著性影响。因此,米糠膳食纤维添加量≤2%时,鲜湿米粉具有良好的食用品质。     

玉米膳食纤维馒头加工工艺研究

以小麦低筋粉为主要原料,添加玉米纤维粉、白砂糖、改良剂、酵母等,通过单因素和正交试验优化玉米纤维馒头最佳工艺参数。结果表明:玉米膳食纤维馒头最佳工艺配方为以小麦低筋粉质量作为基准,玉米纤维粉添加量35%、白砂糖添加量10%、水添加量45%、改良剂添加量0.3%、活性干酵母粉添加量1%,在此条件下制得的玉米膳食纤维馒头具有良好的口感和品质。     

豆渣膳食纤维保健面条烹煮品质特性研究

将豆渣膳食纤维添加到面条中,研究豆渣膳食纤维颗粒度、豆渣膳食纤维添加量、海藻酸钠添加量、食盐添加量对豆渣膳食纤维保健面条烹煮品质特性的影响。结果表明,豆渣膳食纤维颗粒度为100目、豆渣膳食纤维用量9%、海藻酸钠添加量为0.25%、食盐添加量为4.0%时,豆渣膳食纤维保健面条具有良好的烹煮品质。     

玉米须不溶性膳食纤维分析及其对面包品质和消化特性的影响研究

首先分析玉米须不溶性膳食纤维(corn silk insoluble dietary fiber, CSIDF)的组分和物理特性,再研究其添加量及粒径对面包比容、色泽、质构、孔隙度、感官等品质和消化特性的影响。结果表明,其主要含80.64%膳食纤维和10.15%蛋白质,以及少量的灰分和脂肪,主要由50.41%纤维素和28.80%半纤维素组成,具有良好的持水、持油和膨胀特性,且粒径越大,3种特性越好;添加玉米须不溶性膳食纤维后面包比容减小,色泽加深,硬度增大,孔隙度降低,不同CSIDF添加量及粒径间存在差异,面包品质与CSIDF添加量及粒径基本呈现负相关,综合分析确定粒径最小的D₁(平均粒径为24.91μm)最适宜添加,其添加量为3%时较合适;体外消化试验表明,CSIDF可以通过降低面包中RDS含量、提高SDS和RS含量来延缓淀粉的消化吸收,维持血糖稳定。     

玉米皮膳食纤维鱼丸的制备

以玉米皮膳食纤维鱼丸的感官评价为指标,分别考察了玉米皮膳食纤维、大豆分离蛋白和蛋清添加量对鱼丸品质的影响。试验结果表明:当玉米皮膳食纤维添加量4%,大豆分离蛋白添加量10%,鸡蛋清添加量12%时,鱼丸品质最佳。在此优化工艺条件下,得到的玉米皮膳食纤维鱼丸,具有口感细腻、滑嫩,弹性好,切面致密均匀存在很少的小洞。     

豆渣膳食纤维面条烹煮品质特性研究

将豆渣膳食纤维添加到面条中,研究豆渣膳食纤维颗粒度、豆渣膳食纤维添加量、海藻酸钠添加量、食盐添加量对豆渣膳食纤维保健面条烹煮品质特性的影响。结果表明,豆渣膳食纤维颗粒度为100目、用量g％,海藻酸钠添加量为0．25％,食盐添加量为4．0％时,豆渣膳食纤维保健面条具有良好的烹煮品质。     

燕麦膳食纤维对泡椒牛肉品质的影响研究

高膳食纤维肉制品是目前消费市场追求的热点之一。本实验将燕麦膳食纤维添加于泡椒牛肉中,研究其不同添加量对泡椒牛肉的感官品质、出品率、膳食纤维含量的影响。结果表明,添加10%燕麦膳食纤维时,泡椒牛肉感官品质良好,出品率和膳食纤维含量有显著提高。     

香蕉抗性淀粉保健酸奶的研制

研究以香蕉抗性淀粉为功能因子的搅拌型保健酸奶的加工工艺。考察香蕉粉添加量对产品品质的影响,以及贮藏过程中酸奶品质的变化。结果表明：香蕉粉最佳添加量3%;香蕉香精最佳加入量0.05‰;优化所得的酸奶发酵工艺参数组合为发酵温度40℃、接种量4%、发酵时间4.0h;在4℃条件下可以贮藏7d。所研制的香蕉抗性淀粉保健酸奶,营养价值丰富、抗性淀粉保留率高,为开发优良物性和高膳食纤维的保健型酸奶提供理论依据。     

生物解离大豆膳食纤维对饼干质构及消化特性的影响

测定生物解离大豆膳食纤维理化及功能特性,研究其对面粉粉质特性及面团质构特性的影响,并明晰其对饼干质构特性及消化特性的改善作用。结果表明,生物解离大豆膳食纤维纯度为81.34%,可溶性膳食纤维占比50.83%,理化及功能特性相比于豆渣膳食纤维均有所提高。当生物解离大豆膳食纤维在面粉中添加量为30%时,面粉粉质特性及面团质构特性最佳,此添加量制作饼干质构特性高于市售纤维饼干,且消化速率也明显低于另外2?种饼干,快速消化淀粉质量分数相比于市售纤维饼干及普通饼干分别降低17.14%、42.57%,慢速消化淀粉质量分数分别提高24.93%、110.27%,抗性淀粉质量分数分别提高0.85%、21.57%,且血糖指数仅为45.99,已处于低糖食物水平范畴。因此生物解离大豆膳食纤维具有良好的理化性质及功能特性,可作为一种新型大豆膳食纤维来源在烘焙品中进行应用。     

板栗黄酒渣粉对小麦粉面包品质特性、微观结构、生物活性成分及抗氧化性影响的研究

为了提高板栗资源的利用率,将板栗黄酒渣粉(Chinese chestnut rice wine residue flour,WRF)作为膳食纤维源和生物活性物质源应用于小麦粉面包中,以改善小麦粉面包的营养结构并探讨开发WRF强化面包的可行性。研究了自然干燥板栗黄酒渣粉(Natural-dried Chinese chestnut rice wine residue flour,NDWRF),烘箱干燥板栗黄酒渣粉(Oven-dried Chinese chestnut rice wine residue flour,ODWRF),真空冷冻干燥板栗黄酒渣粉(Vacuum freeze-dried Chinese chestnut rice wine residue flour,VFDWRF)的基本组成成分、理化特性、微观结构以及以WRF作为膳食纤维源和生物活性物质源添加到小麦粉面包中,对其品质特性、微观结构、生物活性成分及抗氧化性的影响。试验表明,3种干燥方式渣粉的基本营养成分、膳食纤维、总多酚、总黄酮和类胡萝卜素含量以及pH、色度L*、a*、b*值、持水力、持油力、溶胀力、DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除率、铁还原能力均存在显著性差异,其扫描电镜微观结构差异不显著,傅里叶红外光谱分析其结构基团基本相同,X射线衍射图谱分析其晶体结构存在明显差异。WRF的不同添加水平对小麦粉面包的理化特性、质构特性、微观结构、生物活性物质含量、抗氧化特性以及感官特性均具有显著性影响。2%~4%WRF添加水平对小麦粉面包总体可接受性影响不显著,3种WRF可纳入小麦粉面包的最高水平均达4%。     

Evaluation of processed green and ripe mango peel and pulp flours (Mangifera indica var. Chokanan) in terms of chemical composition,antioxidant compounds and functional properties

BACKGROUND: Mango is a highly perishable seasonal fruit and large quantities are wasted during the peak season as a result of poor postharvest handling procedures. Processing surplus mango fruits into flour to be used as a functional ingredient appears to be a good preservation method to ensure its extended consumption. RESULTS: In the present study, the chemical composition, bioactive/antioxidant compounds and functional properties of green and ripe mango (Mangifera indica var. Chokanan) peel and pulp flours were evaluated. Compared to commercial wheat flour, mango flours were significantly low in moisture and protein, but were high in crude fiber, fat and ash content. Mango flour showed a balance between soluble and insoluble dietary fiber proportions, with total dietary fiber content ranging from 3.2 to 5.94 g kg^?1. Mango flours exhibited high values for bioactive/antioxidant compounds compared to wheat flour. The water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity of mango flours ranged from 0.36 to 0.87 g kg^?1 and from 0.18 to 0.22 g kg^?1, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed mango peel flour to be a rich source of dietary fiber with good antioxidant and functional properties, which could be a useful ingredient for new functional food formulations. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Peanut Hull Flour as Dietary Fiber in Wheat Bread

Peanut hull flour (PHF) at 0, 4, and 8% was added to wheat bread (WB) to increase the dietary fiber content. The bread was tested for textural properties, proximate composition, dietary fiber content, specific volume, color, and some sensory attributes. While addition of PHF caused some changes in the bread, all samples were evaluated by a panel as being acceptable. From the standpoint of bread quality, PHF is an acceptable material which can be added to WB to increase the level of dietary fiber.     

复配膳食纤维对低盐香肠食用品质的影响

以猪肉香肠为研究对象,研究低盐条件下（竹盐添加量1.75%）复配膳食纤维（低聚果糖、菊粉、燕麦粉质量比1∶2∶1）完全替代淀粉对低盐香肠食用品质的影响。以感官评价、质构特性、蒸煮损失和色泽等食用品质为评价指标,确定低盐条件下复配膳食纤维的最佳添加量,并与1.75%精制盐淀粉香肠、复配膳食纤维香肠比较食用品质差异。结果表明：添加8%复配膳食纤维的竹盐香肠总体可接受性最高,香肠组织致密、切面整齐、呈肉红色、香味浓郁、鲜美多汁、质地柔软且富有弹性;复配膳食纤维添加量为5%、11%、14%时,香肠总体可接受性相对较差,风味稍差;复配膳食纤维的添加量由5%增加至14%,蒸煮损失由11.28%减小至8.38%;用复配膳食纤维替代淀粉,香肠质地变软,风味、口感评分增加,蒸煮损失由5.71%增加至9.07%。综上可知,复配膳食纤维添加量影响香肠食用品质,添加8%复配膳食纤维的竹盐香肠食用品质最高。     

Gluten-free pasta production from banana and cassava flours with egg white protein and soy protein addition

Egg white protein and soy protein were incorporated into a banana and cassava flour blend (75:25) to produce gluten-free pasta. The objectives of study were to investigate the effects of the different protein sources on the physico-chemical properties of gluten-free pasta. The levels of protein inclusion were 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of composite flour (w/w) for each type of protein. Pasta made from 100% durum wheat semolina was used as controls. The protein fortification affected the total starch, resistant starch and protein content of gluten-free pasta compared to semolina pasta. No significant effects of soy/egg white protein addition were found in either insoluble or soluble dietary fibre content. Cooking properties of pasta (optimum cooking time, swelling index, water adsorption index and cooking loss) and texture properties (firmness and extensibility) were affected by the level of protein addition and the type of protein. Results showed the utilisation of 25% cassava flour and protein inclusion have a promising application in gluten-free pasta production.     

Dietary Fiber Ingredients Obtained by Processing Brewer's Dried Grain

Brewer's dried grain (BDG) was ground and separated into a coarse and fine flour suitable for increasing total dietary fiber and protein content of formulated foods. Process conditions were established to obtain yields of 40% fine (protein rich) flour and 60% coarse (fiber rich) flour. These had protein contents of 39.0% and 21.5% and total dietary fiber of 35.5% and 70.0%, respectively. Both flours were free of starch and sugar and contained less than 0.1% phytic acid as a result of the brewing process.     

莲藕膳食纤维法式小面包的生产配方研究

添加适量藕渣粉和藕汁,采用直接发酵法生产法式小面包,在预实验确定法式小面包的基本生产配方及工艺要点的条件下,对关键原辅料用量进行了单因素和正交实验,最终确定糕点粉、藕汁、藕渣粉、食品添加剂(面包改良剂和单甘酯混合物,重量比为2:3)的最佳用量分别为20%、21%、6%、1.5%,生产的莲藕膳食纤维法式小面包比容、色香味、口感及质构纹理俱佳。