倾斜轴颈滑动轴承混合热弹流研究

为了研究重载工况下滑动轴承混合润滑行为,综合考虑轴-润滑介质-轴承-环境之间的耦合热传导效应,建立考虑轴颈受载倾斜的滑动轴承混合热弹流(mixed-TEHD)数值计算模型。模型预测出轴颈受载倾斜及对中状态下的润滑界面油膜压力、油膜厚度、接触压力、摩擦因数、热(弹性)变形以及轴承温度场。研究结果表明:轴颈在受载倾斜状态下,油膜压力、弹性变形、油膜厚度沿轴向呈非对称分布,接触压力集中于轴承末端;轴颈在受载倾斜状态下,轴承圆周方向与轴向温度分布的不均匀性比对中状态的严重,温度比对中状态时的大,同时,沿油膜最高温度处的圆周方向截面与轴向截面内热变形分布具有非对称性,其热变形也明显大于对中状态时的大;在混合流润滑阶段,轴颈受载倾斜对接触载荷、摩擦因数、轴承最高温度以及最大热变形的影响较大。     

考虑局部磨损和空化效应的径向滑动轴承混合润滑分析

为分析局部磨损和空化效应对径向滑动轴承混合润滑性能的影响,基于平均Reynolds方程及JFO空化边界条件建立了计入局部磨损的轴承混合润滑模型,通过数值求解研究了不同磨损深度对轴承油膜厚度分布、平均流体动压力分布、轴心位置和Stribeck曲线的影响。结果表明:局部磨损显著改变了油膜厚度分布和平均流体动压力分布;大磨损深度导致轴心位置改变,偏离原来设计;小磨损深度降低了轴承混合润滑阶段的摩擦系数,且能以更低的速度从混合润滑过渡到流体动压润滑;摩擦系数随着磨损深度的增加而增大。     

湿式铜基摩擦副局部接触对摩擦因数的影响

考虑金属的热衰退特性及温度、压力和摩滑速度对混合润滑油膜的影响,建立了湿式铜基摩擦副局部接触摩擦因数计算模型,研究了摩滑过程中湿式铜基摩擦副局部接触状态下摩擦因数的变化规律,并通过销-盘摩擦因数测量实验对摩擦因数计算模型进行了验证.研究结果表明:摩擦元件屈曲变形导致摩擦元件间摩擦状态发生变化,在局部接触条件下,接触区摩擦状态随温度升高可分为油膜主导阶段、微凸峰主导阶段、摩擦因数上升阶段和热衰退阶段4个阶段.其中,油膜主导阶段会随摩滑速度的减小而消失.干摩擦状态下,摩滑速度对摩擦因数影响较小.在混合润滑状态下,摩擦因数随摩滑速度增加而下降,且温度越小摩擦因数衰减越显著.局部接触区平均面压较小时,压力对摩擦因数影响较小,当压力超过100 MPa时,接触面压力开始对混合润滑中的油膜主导阶段产生影响,此时摩擦因数随压力升高而增大.      

高速水润滑径向滑动轴承的壁面滑移设计

为了研究高速水润滑条件下具有不同边界滑移表面的径向滑动轴承的摩擦学特性,运用二元滑移理论建立了相应的数学模型。模型考虑了流体边界的滑移效应,对经典雷诺方程进行了修正,并将流量守恒边界条件应用于空化区。通过仿真对比不同滑移表面对轴承性能的影响,以大承载力和小摩擦阻力为设计目标,对轴承及滑移表面参数进行了优化设计。结果表明:对于偏心率较小、宽度较小和直径较大的轴承,滑移-非滑移间隔表面能显著地提高承载力,降低摩擦阻力和减小空化区面积;当滑移区域与非滑移区域的分界线在普通轴承压力峰值和最小膜厚位置之间时,承载力可达到最大值。     

基于CFD的纯油润滑滑动轴承数值模拟

应用FLUENT软件中的空穴模型对纯油润滑状态下的滑动轴承进行了数值模拟,给出了轴承的温升值,并与文献实验值对比,吻合良好;进一步计算了不同转速、长径比下,承载力大小与偏心率的关系;给出了不同偏心率下油膜压力分布,并讨论了气相体积分布规律。     

高速轧制工作界面表面形貌对混合润滑状态下冷轧过程的影响

根据平均Reynolds方程、Peklenik表面模式参数理论和混合润滑条件下大体积塑性变形理论,建立混合润滑状态下冷轧板带分析模型.系统分析混合润滑状态下,基于工作界面表面形貌,工作界面油膜厚度、摩擦因素随速度和压下率变化的情况;以及基于不同的压下率和表面形貌,界面压力、接触面积随工作区位置变化的情况.分析结果表明:在表面粗糙度所有排列方式中,油膜厚度随着压下率增大而下降,表面粗糙度横向排列产生最高的油膜厚度,表面粗糙度纵向排列产生最低油膜厚度.对于同样的压下率,随着界面无量纲速度的增大,表面粗糙度横向排列有最小的油膜厚度增量,表面粗糙度纵向排列产生最大的油膜厚度增量;表面粗糙度纵向排列下的摩擦因数最大,横向排列下的摩擦因数最小,各向同性排列介于两者之间;压下率越高,摩擦因数越高.表面粗糙度横向排列情况下,界面应力的分布要平缓得多.     

表面粗糙度对动压滑动轴承承载能力的影响

就表面粗糙度对动压滑动轴承载能力的影响进行了探讨。分析了单油楔液体动压润滑滑动轴承由于轴承表面粗糙度而形成微观收敛性油楔和发散性油楔及其轴承承载能力的影响。并提出了从表面粗糙度上提高轴承承载能力、减少磨损的措施。     

混合流态下带油腔滑动轴承静态特性分析

以带油腔的高速动压径向滑动轴承为研究对象,基于层流、紊流润滑理论,建立了层流、紊流同时存在于同一轴承油膜时的滑动轴承静态特性二维模型;分析不同轴颈转速下油膜内雷诺数、压力、温度的分布以及承载力、摩擦力、侧泄量等静态特性的变化;并将结果与无腔圆柱轴承和单一流态下的计算结果进行对比.结果表明:在动压滑动轴承流场计算中,必须首先正确判定油膜流态及计入温黏关系;由于油腔的存在,混合流态下油膜雷诺数、压力分布曲线呈现明显的阶梯性;与相同条件的无腔轴承相比,开设油腔会小幅降低承载力,但同时会减少摩擦和降低温升,综合性能较优.     

海水润滑滑靴副的仿生凹坑表面动压润滑性能仿真研究

为探寻仿生非光滑表面在高压海水轴向柱塞泵滑靴副上的应用效果,将不同形状凹坑布置在斜盘表面,采用CFD方法对非光滑表面滑靴副全水动压润滑模型进行数值模拟,通过分析水膜上表面的压力分布、凹坑纵截面的速度分布,探寻仿生凹坑的动压润滑机理及凹坑几何参数对承载特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:水膜上表面最大正静压位于凹坑前缘,最小负静压位于凹坑中心;最大动压位于凹坑上方,且随凹坑分布圆半径的增大而明显增大;总压承载力主要来自于动压的贡献,4种凹坑承载力由大到小依次为F球F圆柱F柱锥F圆锥;承载力随凹坑面积率的增大而增大,摩擦系数随凹坑面积率的增大而减小,且深径比越大,这种增大或减小的趋势越明显。     

不同粗糙度条件下硅橡胶表面织构润滑特性的研究

为了研究表面织构在不同粗糙度条件下的润滑特性,使用球-盘式摩擦实验机,以具有不同粗糙度和表面织构的硅橡胶(PDMS)试样盘为下试样、GCr15轴承钢球为上试样进行摩擦实验,润滑液采用体积分数为60%的甘油-水溶液.实验结果表明,在较低的滑行速度下,表面织构会增大光滑PDMS试样的摩擦因数,但却降低粗糙PDMS试样的摩擦因数.当摩擦副处于混合润滑状态时,试样表面粗糙度有一个最优值范围,在该范围内织构化的试样具有最优的摩擦性能,如在滑行速度为1mm/s、织构面积率为10.4%的情况下,粗糙度为230nm的试样比粗糙度为20、280和360nm的试样具有更低的摩擦因数.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.