织构滑移表面对滑块轴承摩擦学性能的影响

为了揭示表面织构对轴承摩擦学性能的影响以指导轴承微织构的优化设计,采用速度滑移边界表征表面织构宏、微观相互作用的综合效果,并将其施加到有微织构的轴承表面,研究了织构的分布位置、面积等宏观参数对滑块轴承摩擦阻力和承载能力的影响规律.分析结果表明:表面织构可以降低轴承的摩擦阻力,且织构面积越大减阻效果越显著;低速时减阻能力与织构分布位置无关,高速时织构越靠近出口减阻效果越好;表面织构的分布位置对轴承承载能力的影响显著且复杂,特别是无量纲织构区域的起始点和终止点的位置;轴承表面完全织构化将显著降低承载能力;表面织构位于进口时可以提高承载能力,位于出口时将会降低承载能力.上述结果说明合理的表面织构设计可以有效提高轴承的摩擦学性能.     

高速水润滑止推轴承的滑移润滑性能研究

建立了多种具有不同滑移区域分布特征的推力瓦数学模型,在考虑流体边界滑移效应、扩展了经典Reynolds方程并设定合理边界条件的基础上,借助MATLAB软件对模型进行数值仿真求解,研究了滑移区域分布方式、面积占比及滑移长度对轴承动压润滑性能的影响。结果表明,在靠近流场入口处沿周向分布滑移区域能显著提升不同转速条件下的推力瓦面承载力;当滑移区域面积占瓦面面积比介于0.3~0.4且滑移长度为1000nm时,轴承推力瓦面具有最优动压润滑性能。     

螺旋油楔轴瓦界面滑移现象分析

针对螺旋油楔滑动轴承非金属材料轴瓦的界面滑移现象,基于极限剪应力模型得到轴瓦表面考虑周向和轴向滑移的数学模型,并运用有限差分法,研究了界面滑移对二维螺旋油楔滑动轴承周向压力、滑移速度、承载力、端泄量和摩擦阻力的影响.结果表明:考虑界面滑移时,螺旋油楔滑动轴承的周向压力、承载力和摩擦阻力有所降低,端泄量有所提高;偏心率的提高使初始极限剪应力临界值有所增加,即轴瓦表面更加不易发生界面滑移;螺旋角的提高对初始极限剪应力临界值的影响不大;滑移首先发生在封油面区域.     

考虑紊流和滑移影响的液态金属润滑螺旋槽轴承设计

为了研究液态金属作为润滑介质时对螺旋槽轴承性能的影响,针对液态金属黏度低与接触角大等特点,建立了考虑紊流和边界滑移影响的轴承性能计算模型,进行了液态金属润滑螺旋槽轴承设计。基于螺旋槽轴承的特殊结构,在非正交坐标下运用有限差分法以及局部积分法求解了雷诺方程,得到轴承膜厚压力分布;采用Ng-Pan紊流模型并综合滑移长度模型(SLM)和极限剪应力模型(LSSM),分析对比了考虑紊流滑移影响和层流无滑移时的轴承性能;研究了槽数、螺旋夹角等结构参数对轴承静动态性能的影响,确定了轴承各结构参数的最佳取值。结果表明:适当的半滑移设计可以有效提高轴承承载能力并减少空化区域面积;在槽数为8～12、螺旋夹角为60°左右、槽深为20μm、沟脊比为1时,轴承可以获得良好的静动态性能。研究工作对国产高性能CT设备的液态金属轴承设计具有一定的指导意义。     

滑移楔流体动力学及其表面滑移特性优化

研究了具有滑移楔的滑块轴承的流体动压承载力．根据界面所受剪力的分布情况，优化固体表面滑移特性，表面滑移特性是几何位置的函数．提出了研究二维界面滑移问题的滑移本构方程的分段线性化方法，研究了有限长滑块轴承具有任意界面极限剪应力的二维界面滑移问题及其流体动力学效应．发现滑移楔的流体动力学效应要大于传统的几何收敛楔，甚至当几何间隙为平行间隙或发散间隙时，滑移楔仍然会产生很大的流体动压力．滑移楔可以产生的最大流体动压力是几何收敛楔能够产生的最大流体动压力的两倍以上，最大的达到2．5倍．界面滑移使得界面摩擦阻力减小．     

关于流体流动的边界滑移

提出了应力控制边界滑移模型并预报了平行板间的流体界面滑移以及球和平面间有法向挤压运动时的界面滑移问题, 数值解与试验数据吻合. 该模型假设在固液界面上存在一个极限剪切应力, 当界面应力在此极限应力之下时, 没有界面滑移; 当界面应力达到此应力时, 发生了滑移. 研究发现, 当两个界面滑移性质相同的表面发生挤压运动时, 界面滑移使得流体动压效应明显减小, 流体承载力最后达到饱和状态. 滑移解与无滑移经典理论解相比最大相差两个数量级以上. 当两个界面滑移性质不同的异性表面发生挤压运动时, 界面滑移的影响比较奇异, 此时界面滑移主要由界面极限剪应力较小的表面控制, 但流体动压效应减小较慢, 即使当某一个界面的极限剪应力为零时仍然有可观的流体动压承载力.     

广义Maxwell速度滑移边界模型

针对存在挤压速度情形的近连续滑移流区微轴承内气体流动,基于气固界面Knudsen层内动量和能量通量的守恒,利用Grad13矩近似的速度分布函数,详细推导广义Maxwell速度滑移边界模型,给出了其与典型Maxwell速度滑移边界的差别.研究表明在不考虑壁面温度梯度和挤压速度影响时,所得到的广义Maxwell速度滑移边界模型与典型Maxwell速度滑移模型是一致的;通过在微尺度气体轴承流动控制方程应用,获得一套适于气体轴承内流动气固表面速度滑移边界数学模型.     

表面滑移对塑料瓦推力轴承润滑性能影响的理论分析

由于弹性金属塑料瓦表面存在滑移现象,所以将改变轴承的润滑性能．文章对具有表面滑移的雷诺方程和能量方程进行了推导和计算,结果表明：表面滑移对轴承润滑性能有一定的影响．     

轴流泵空化流及其诱导压力脉动的数值模拟

基于改进的空化模型和SSTk-ω湍流模型,对轴流泵的流量-扬程曲线、空化特性及其诱导非定常空化压力脉动进行了数值模拟和分析.数值模拟结果表明:设计工况下的扬程、效率和必需空化余量预测误差分别为3.41%,4.10%和6.32%,获得了较高的预测精度;轴流泵叶轮空泡主要分布在叶片背面进口10%~30%区域,从轮缘到轮毂叶片空化区域逐渐减小;轴流泵叶轮出口在空化条件下的压力脉动的主频仍为叶频,谐频为叶频的倍数.叶轮出口受到叶轮外缘严重空化流的影响,在临界空化余量工况下,靠近轮缘处的空化压力脉动幅值是轮毂侧4倍左右;在导叶出口处两者差异逐渐减小,轮缘处的幅值比轮毂处仅大40%左右.随着空化余量不断降低,叶轮内空化趋于严重时,空泡发生区的压力脉动幅值显著增大;但在叶轮进口处,由于空化流向叶轮下游发展,叶轮上游流场受到空化的影响较小,在不同空化余量下压力脉动幅值变化较小.     

橄榄形浮环轴承流体动力学特性的研究

采用边界元方法对橄榄形浮环轴承润滑剂的流体动力学特性进行了研究,得到了橄榄形浮环轴承润滑区的流场分布、轴瓦内表面上的压力分布及浮环外表面的压力分布．对几种偏心率下橄榄形浮环轴承的数值计算结果进行了比较分析,绘制出几种偏心率下橄榄形浮环轴承压力图及压力随偏心率变化规律曲线图。可为润滑轴承设计提供理论依据．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.