基于硫化物表面处理的InP/GaAs低温晶片键合

提出一种新的基于硫化物表面处理的InP/GaAs低温晶片键合技术.在360℃的退火温度下,获得了1.2MPa的键合强度.基于这种低温键合技术,可将外延生长在InP衬底上的In0.53Ga0.47As/InP多量子阱(MQW)键合并转移到GaAs衬底上.X射线衍射表明量子阱的结构未受键合过程的影响.光致发光谱分析表明键合后量子阱的晶体质量略有改善.电流电压特性的测试表明n-InP/n-InP的键合界面具有良好的导电特性;在n-InP/n-GaAs 的键合界面存在着电荷势垒,这主要是由于键合界面存在GaAs氧化物薄层所致.     

基于硼酸溶液处理的GaAs/InP低温晶片键合技术

提出了一种基于硼酸溶液的GaAs/InP低温晶片键合技术,实现了GaAs/InP基材料间简单、无毒性的高质量、低温(290℃)晶片键合。GaAs/InP键合晶片解理截面的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图显示,键合界面整齐,没有裂缝和气泡。通过键合过程,InP上的In0.53Ga0.47As/InP多量子阱结构转移到了GaAs基底上。X射线衍射及荧光谱显示,键合后的多量子阱晶体质量未变。二次离子质谱(SIMS)和Raman光谱图显示,GaAs/InP键合晶片的中间层厚度约为17 nm,界面处B元素有较高的浓度,键合晶片的中间层很薄,因此可以得到较好的电学、光学特性。     

1.31μm垂直腔面发射激光器材料生长及其物理特性

采用气态源分子束外延（GSMBE）技术在InP衬底上生长发光波长为131μm的InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱和在GaAs衬底上生长GaAs/AlGaAs分布布拉格反射镜（DBR) ，并用直接键合技术将生长在InP基上的InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱结构组装到GaAs衬底上生长的DBR结构上，对其微结构和发光等特性进行了比较系统的研究.发现500～620℃的高温键合过程和后续的剥离工艺不仅没有引起量子阱发光效率的降低，反而由于键合过程中的退火改进了晶体质量，大大提高了量子阱的发光强度，其中620℃退火处理后的光致发光强度是原生样品的3倍.     

1.31μm垂直腔面发射激光器材料生长及其物理特性

采用气态源分子束外延(GSMBE)技术在InP衬底上生长发光波长为1.31μm的InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱和在GaAs衬底上生长GaAs/AlGaAs分布布拉格反射镜(DBR),并用直接键合技术将生长在InP基上的InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱结构组装到GaAs衬底上生长的DBR结构上,对其微结构和发光等特性进行了比较系统的研究.发现500～620℃的高温键合过程和后续的剥离工艺不仅没有引起量子阱发光效率的降低,反而由于键合过程中的退火改进了晶体质量,大大提高了量子阱的发光强度,其中620℃退火处理后的光致发光强度是原生样品的3倍.     

1.31μm垂直腔面发射激光器材料生长及其物理特性

采用气态源分子束外延(GSMBE)技术在InP衬底上生长发光波长为1.31μm的InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱和在GaAs衬底上生长GaAs/AlGaAs分布布拉格反射镜(DBR),并用直接键合技术将生长在InP基上的InAsP/InGaAsP应变补偿多量子阱结构组装到GaAs衬底上生长的DBR结构上,对其微结构和发光等特性进行了比较系统的研究.发现500～620℃的高温键合过程和后续的剥离工艺不仅没有引起量子阱发光效率的降低,反而由于键合过程中的退火改进了晶体质量,大大提高了量子阱的发光强度,其中620℃退火处理后的光致发光强度是原生样品的3倍.     

InP材料直接键合技术

研究了InP/InP的直接键合技术,给出了详细的InP/InP键合样品的电特性随健合工艺条件变化的数据,在低于650℃的键合温度下实现了InP/InP大面积的均匀直接键合,获得了与单晶InP衬底相同的电特性和机械强度.在器件的键合实验中也获得了成功,在InGaAsP/InP多量子阱激光器结构的外延面上键合p-InP衬底后制作的激光器激射特性良好.     

GaAs/InP低温晶片键合的研究

将硫脲溶液用于GaAs/InP基材料低温晶片键合的表面处理工艺,实现了GaAs/InP基材料间简单、无毒性的低温(380 ℃)晶片键合.并通过界面形貌,解理后断裂面,键合强度及键合界面I-V特性对键合晶片进行了分析.     

InP/GaAs材料和器件的直接键合

采用三步法在GaAs衬底上实现InP材料的键合,通过X-射线光电子谱(XPS)对样品键合界面进行化学价态和深度分布分析.结果表明,键合温度小于450℃时,样品界面主要由三维氢键网络组成;大于450℃时界面处发生互扩散,Ⅴ族元素主要在界面处富集,而Ⅲ族元素具有较深的扩散.因此提出界面层以InGaAs、InGaP为主,这种界面化学态的变化对样品的Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性和键合强度都具有实质意义的影响,同时由于异质结带阶的存在,要获得良好的电学性质和强度,键合温度并不是越高越好,而是存在一个最佳温度.最后,在GaAs衬底上成功地键合了InGaAs/InP光电探测器.     

MOCVD生长GaAs/AlGaAs量子阱研究

利用常压MOCVD技术在较低生长速率下生长出多种GaAs/AlGaAs多量子阱结构材料,利用低温PL谱和TEM对材料结构进行了表征。所得势阱和势垒结构厚度均匀平整,最窄阱宽为1.8nm。本研究表明,低速率(γ≤0.5nm/s)连续生长工艺能够避免杂质在界面富集,优于间断生长工艺,且在掺si n~+-GaAs衬底上所得量子阱发光强度高于掺Cr SI-GaAs衬底上的结果。     

键合法制备硅基1.55μm InP-InGaAsP量子阱激光器

在硅基上成功地制备出了1.55μm InP-InGaAsP量子阱激光器.设计并生长了适合于键合的量子阱激光器结构材料,通过直接键合技术,将Si衬底与InP-InGaAsP外延片键合到一起.剥离去掉InP衬底后,在5～6μm的薄膜上制备出20μm条形边发射激光器.室温下,阈值电流160mA(电流密度为2.7kA/cm2),功率可达10mW以上(在约350mA电流下),实现了1.55μm长波长边发射激光器与Si的集成.目前,该结果国际上还未见报道.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.