红花黄、红花红色素提取新技术

综述了红花黄、红花红色素提取新技术,针对目前红花黄色素和红花红色素生产工艺研究与开发中存在的流程长、能耗大、收率低等问题,提出采用超声波、微波辅助萃取技术提高浸取效率,采用膜分离技术减少能耗等解决问题的的方法和建议.     

红花黄色素的酶法提取应用研究

采用纤维素酶法提取工艺提取红花中的红花黄色素,与传统水浸提取工艺相比,提取率提高了９．４０％～１３．３５％。本工艺具有提取率高、提取条件温和、有效成分理化性质稳定的特点,实验过程中加入的纤维素酶对红花黄色素的性质无影响,实验确定的红花黄色素酶法提取适宜工艺条件为：提取温度５０℃,提取介质ｐＨ＝４．４,纤维素酶与红花的配料比为１∶８０。     

干红花中红花黄色素的稳定性研究

红花黄色素是从干红花的花叶中提取的一种天然营养型食用色素,也有很好的药理作用,可用于治疗冠心病、高血压等疾病。这种色素稳定性较好,避光室温保存有效期最少可达30天,该色素含有一定的热稳定性,在80℃时也可稳定存在几个小时。在3相似文献   

红花黄色素提取工艺研究进展

红花黄色素是一种具有营养与着色功能的天然色素。综述红花黄色素提取工艺的研究进展,展望其应用前景,为红花黄色素的进一步研究开发和合理应用提供参考。     

超滤技术在红花黄色素提取中的应用研究

常规醇沉法提取生产红花黄色素流程长,工艺复杂.本文从超滤对红花提取液中主要杂质(蛋白、鞣质、多糖)的截留作用,从红花黄色素提取率以及超滤过程的操作稳定性方面探讨了超滤技术在红花黄色素提取中应用的可行性.通过实验发现,选用截留值(1～3)×104的聚砜超滤膜对提取液中的蛋白、鞣质有较好的截留效果,对多糖的截留效果不明显,超滤纯化后的红花黄色素质量与提取率明显优于醇沉法.同时超滤时料液的浓度和温度对操作的稳定性有较大影响,但控制合适的温度和浓度可得到较长时间的稳定操作时间.     

微波法提取天然红色素的研究

以葡萄皮为原料,在微波条件下,以酸性水为溶剂直接从葡萄皮中提取天然红色素。实验表明,微波辐射有利于色素的浸出。最佳提取条件为：微波平均辐射功率450w,辐射时间75s,浸取固液比1：5。     

栀子色素的提取与精制

对栀子色素的提取和精制进行了研究，提出了栀了黄色素和栀子蓝色素的生产工艺条件和方法：采用50％甲醇水溶液作浸取剂，在常温下，浸取时间为24h,栀子黄色素收率较高，为11％－12％。     

微波条件下柚皮中天然色素的浸取

以柚皮为原料,在微波条件下,以乙醇-石油醚为浸取剂从柚皮中提取天然色素.探讨了微波辐射功率、辐射时间和料液比对天然色素产率的影响,并通过实验确定了浸取的最佳工艺参数.     

番茄红素提取方法的研究

研究了从番茄中提取番茄红素的方法 ,考察了提取温度、时间、料液比、浸取液等影响因素 ,确定了最佳的浸取工艺条件。使用 6# 溶剂油二级浸提番茄糊 ,在番茄糊质量与溶剂体积比为 0 33g/ml、浸提时间 2～ 3h、pH值 6、浸提温度 35℃及加入助剂条件下 ,能充分提取色素 ;若使用微波辐射法 ,在微波功率 2 0 0W、萃取时间 80s,番茄糊质量与溶剂体积比为 0 5g/ml条件下 ,能得到最好效果     

红色洋槐花色素的提取

利用红色洋槐花提取色素,介绍了工艺条件和方法。试验结果表明：红色洋槐花用95%乙醇作溶剂,水浴加热温度保持约为50℃,萃取时间为20 min,萃取效果最好。将萃取液在50～60 kPa条件下减压蒸馏,分离色素并回收溶剂。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。