论连铸高碳铬轴承钢的质量

提出了小方坯连铸高碳铬轴承钢中心偏析的形成机理。改善连铸高碳铬轴承钢的中心偏析的方法和途径有：提高连铸坯的宽厚比;减少钢中残余元素和有害元素及钢中夹杂物含量;降低和稳定过热度;合理选择拉速;二冷强度和电磁搅拌参数;采用软压下技术。小方坯连铸高碳铬轴承碳与模铸轴承钢的接触疲劳寿命比较试验表明：连铸材的质量优于模铸材。     

连铸技术在五钢轴承钢上的应用与开发

通过对《小方坯连铸轴承钢的研究与开发》和《连铸轴承钢管坯的研究与开发》两个科研项目的研究，五钢开发了连铸轴承钢工艺流程及其技术，并进行了连铸和模铸轴承钢冶金质量及接触疲劳寿命试验与综合评估、连铸和模铸轴承钢冶金质量及轴承疲劳寿命试验与综合评估、轴承钢连铸和模铸管坯对制管以及其制成的套圈性能影响的试验研究等实验工作。到2004年底，累计生产连铸轴承钢29、64万吨；2004年度轴承钢连铸比超过40％。连铸轴承钢产品规格从φ50mm扩大到φ75mm。降低生产成本3711万元。《小方坯连铸轴承钢的生产方法》已获得发明专利授权。制定了连铸轴承钢专用产品标准。     

硫含量对合金钢铸坯等轴晶比率波动的影响

针对某厂合金钢连铸坯等轴晶比率大幅波动的现象,为稳定控制连铸坯质量,进行了生产试验和理论分析。结果表明:在过热度比较稳定,拉速、冷却强度等条件相同的情况下,易偏析元素硫的含量是影响合金钢铸坯等轴晶比率的主要因素。为防止铸坯等轴晶比率大幅波动,除减小钢液过热度波动、稳定拉速和冷却强度外,还应稳定控制钢中硫等易偏析元素的含量。     

轴承钢大方坯凝固末端特性与中心质量控制

连铸流程取代模铸锻造生产高端轴承钢是当前的发展趋势。为了改善GCr15轴承钢200 mm×240 mm大方坯连铸中常见的中心缩孔和中心偏析问题,借助数值模拟研究连铸坯传热与凝固进程,并通过工业试验调整拉速探究末端电磁搅拌(final electromagnetic stirrer, F-EMS)和轻压下(soft reduction, SR)对连铸内部质量的协同影响机制和效果,通过低倍酸侵观察不同工艺下铸坯的横纵截面缩孔疏松和裂纹情况,通过钻屑取样检测铸坯横截面上碳偏析分布。结果表明,拉速为0.95 m/min时铸坯凝固终点仅为13.0 m,此时提升F-EMS强度且使用轻压下虽然可以改善中心缩孔,但F-EMS也将更多高浓度钢液搅入铸坯中心,由于铸坯中心熔池宽度小,对高浓度溶质的稀释作用小,熔池难以稀释这些钢液从而使得铸坯中心偏析反而加剧。而在F-EMS电流强度为540 A、SR总压下为7 mm的工艺下,拉速提升至1.2和1.4 m/min时,铸坯内弧侧都产生了压下裂纹,且由于GCr15轴承钢连铸凝固两相区较宽,拉速为1.4 m/min时铸坯在铸机上产生裂纹的压下辊处,铸坯内部裂纹敏感区...     

GCr15连铸坯中心碳偏析原位分析研究

采用原位分析方法对不同拉速下、有(无)电磁搅拌等因素下的冷却连铸坯进行原位分析,得到大面积钢材料中化学成分分布情况并给出宏观、微区表征图谱和一些统计参数;再通过正交法找出最优的连铸工艺参数,使轴承钢GCr15连铸坯中心碳偏析控制得到优化。     

方坯轴承钢连铸过程中凝固行为

为了解轴承钢连铸过程中连铸坯的凝固传热过程,采用射钉试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了不同拉速对连铸坯液芯长度及中心固相率的影响,探究了连铸坯坯壳厚度生长规律。通过射钉试验对数值模拟结果的验证表明,该数值模拟采用的凝固传热模型可以较准确地描述铸坯的凝固行为。研究表明,拉速越大,相同位置处连铸坯坯壳厚度越小,液芯长度越长,中心固相率越小,为末端电磁搅拌(F-EMS)安装位置提供了可靠依据。     

板坯连铸异钢种连浇混浇坯长度及成分变化模型的开发及应用

基于建立的连铸中间包及结晶器内钢液混合过程的物理模型,开发了板坯连铸异钢种连浇过程混浇坯长度及成分变化模型。以某钢厂单流板坯连铸机220 mm×1560 mm断面Q235与Q335Ti钢的混浇过程为研究对象,采用水模型试验结合数值模拟确定模型的关键参数,并通过开展现场试验对混浇坯取样验证模型的准确性。结果证明:混浇坯成分取样与模型预测的成分偏差小于5%,且模型预测的混浇坯长度与人工确定的一致。故采用该模型可跟踪不同混浇工况下中间包内及铸流上钢液的混合行为,准确预测混浇坯的长度以及成分变化规律。采用该模型研究了拉速及中间包内剩余钢液质量对混交坯长度及不同浇注长度铸坯C元素质量分数变化的影响规律。发现当拉速保持不变时,中间包内剩余钢液越多,混浇坯越长;当中间包内剩余钢液质量保持不变时,拉速越大混浇坯越短。相比而言,中间包内剩余钢液质量比拉速对混浇坯长度的影响更大。另外当拉速不变时,随着中间包内剩余钢液质量的增加,C元素质量分数由0.16%变化到0.18%的速率减慢;当中间包内剩余钢液质量不变时,随着拉速的增加,C元素质量分数由0.16%变化到0.18%的速率增加。因此异钢种连浇过程,适当提高拉速以及减少中间包内剩余钢液质量,可有效减少混浇坯长度,成分变化速率降低。      

GCr15轴承钢冶炼工艺优化

钢液的纯净度是提高轴承钢连铸坯质量的关键因素之一,而冶炼工艺以及预脱氧剂、终脱氧剂、精炼渣的合理选择及成分组成,直接影响钢液的纯净度和铸坯的质量.针对GCr15轴承钢冶炼和精炼工艺中的不足,提出优化方案,并进行工业性试验,优化了轴承钢的冶炼、精炼工艺,使钢液的纯净度得到显著的提高.     

淮钢弹簧钢连铸小方坯质量的提高

为生产质量优良的弹簧钢连铸小方坯，淮钢先后采取了一系列技术措施，如采用结晶器电磁搅拌，强化二次精炼操作，改进脱氧工艺和调整连铸坯拉速，在保证钢液纯净度的前提下不断降低中间包钢水过热度，连铸坯质量得到大幅度提高。     

淮钢特殊钢大型圆坯连铸工艺装备特点及实践

淮钢生产碳素、合金结构钢、锚链钢、轴承钢、齿轮钢及低合金高强度钢生产流程为80 t转炉-90 t LF-100 t RH-喂线-Φ380～Φ600 mm圆坯CC工艺。中间包容量40 t,自动控制弧形管式结晶器液面,喷水+气雾2次冷却,M-EMS+F-EMS电磁搅拌,连铸机拉速0.3～0.8 m/min,年生产能力120万t圆铸坯。文中介绍中间包、结晶器、电磁搅拌、二次冷却的设备特点和相关工艺的优化和圆坯冶金质量的改善。     

Compensation Control Model of Superheat and Cooling Water Temperature for Secondary Cooling of Continuous Casting

In this paper, a compensation control model of secondary cooling process of billet continuous casting for quality steel has been presented. The effects on the spray control of the various parameters such as steel superheat, casting speed, cooling water temperature and chemical component of steel were considered. The parameters of control model were determined to associate with the two‐dimensional heat transfer equation and solved by finite‐difference method. Effects of steel superheat and cooling water temperature on surface temperature, solidification structure and solidifying end point were discussed. Results indicate that steel superheat significantly affects solidification structure and solidifying end point but has a little effect on slab surface temperature. Moreover, secondary cooling water temperature affects surface temperature and solidifying end point but has a little effect on solidification structure. The surface temperature and solidifying end point can be maintain stabilized through applying the compensation control model when steel superheat and cooling water temperature vary. The models have been validated by industrial measurements. The results show that the simulations are in very good agreement with the real casting situation.     

40Cr合金结构钢连铸工艺研究与应用

莱钢特钢厂在1#连铸系统中采用EBT—LF—连铸工艺生产40Cr合金结构钢,通过合理控制用氧、调整炉渣碱度、采用Si—Ca线处理钢水、控制钢水过热度、调整拉速、合理控制二冷配水,确定了最佳工艺方案,提高了钢水收得率,解决了水口锈眼问题,保证了连铸生产顺行和质量稳定。     

Modeling of Dendritic Evolution of Continuously Cast Steel Billet with Cellular Automaton

In order to predict the dendritic evolution during the continuous steel casting process, a simple mechanism to connect the heat transfer at the macroscopic scale and the dendritic growth at the microscopic scale was proposed in the present work. As the core of the across-scale simulation, a two-dimensional cell automaton (CA) model with a decentered square algorithm was developed and parallelized. Apart from nucleation undercooling and probability, a temperature gradient was introduced to deal with the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) by considering its variation during continuous casting. Based on the thermal history, the dendritic evolution in a 4 mm × 40 mm region near the centerline of a SWRH82B steel billet was predicted. The influences of the secondary cooling intensity, superheat, and casting speed on the dendritic structure of the billet were investigated in detail. The results show that the predicted equiaxed dendritic solidification of Fe-5.3Si alloy and columnar dendritic solidification of Fe-0.45C alloy are consistent with in situ experimental results [Yasuda et al. Int J Cast Metals Res 22:15–21 (2009); Yasuda et al. ISIJ Int 51:402–408 (2011)]. Moreover, the predicted dendritic arm spacing and CET location agree well with the actual results in the billet. The primary dendrite arm spacing of columnar dendrites decreases with increasing secondary cooling intensity, or decreasing superheat and casting speed. Meanwhile, the CET is promoted as the secondary cooling intensity and superheat decrease. However, the CET is not influenced by the casting speed, owing to the adjusting of the flow rate of secondary spray water. Compared with the superheat and casting speed, the secondary cooling intensity can influence the cooling rate and temperature gradient in deeper locations, and accordingly exerts a more significant influence on the equiaxed dendritic structure.     

高碳钢连铸坯中心偏析的控制与改善

分析钢水过热度、拉速、二冷强度等连铸工艺参数对高碳钢连铸坯中心偏析的影响,认为采取提高钢水洁净度、低过热度浇注、电磁搅拌、轻压下和优化二冷技术等措施是减轻高碳钢连铸方坯中心偏析的有效途径.     

连铸工艺参数对SWRH82B小方坯内部质量的影响

分析了安钢第一炼轧厂150mm×150mm小方坯连铸机生产SWRH82B高强度预应力钢绞线用钢时连铸拉速、钢水过热度、冷却强度以及电磁搅拌等基本工艺参数对SWRH82B钢铸坯内部质量的影响,提出了在现有工艺条件下,生产SWRH82B钢最佳的连铸工艺参数。     

水冷水口内钢液凝固前沿的模拟计算研究

为了降低钢液的过热度,设计了一种水冷水口,使它能够应用在实际生产中.根据模拟计算结果发现,在拉速一定的条件下,过热度和冷却强度对钢液的凝固前沿有着显著的影响.应用此水冷水口有合适的过热度和冷却强度.     

低碳钢和中碳钢连铸方坯初始凝固的对比研究

以低碳钢和中碳钢为研究对象,围绕不同连铸工艺参数对方坯初始凝固行为的影响,利用CA-FE耦合模型模拟实际连铸过程结晶器内方坯的初始凝固行为,考察拉速和过热度对方坯出结晶器坯壳厚度的影响,对比二者出结晶器横截面枝晶微观形貌.研究表明:过热度和拉速增加均能使出结晶器坯壳厚度下降,而拉速的影响更为显著.不同钢种在相同条件下出结晶器坯壳厚度下降梯度不同.过热度越低柱状晶越致密细小,利于提高连铸坯质量,拉速对柱状晶的影响相对较小.由于出结晶器坯壳安全厚度限制,过热度取15℃,低碳钢拉速不能超过2.2 m·min-1,中碳钢拉速不能超过2.5 m·min-1,据此针对不同钢种设计不同拉速可提高连铸效率.同时,模型结果显示低碳钢出结晶器时刻柱状晶更为发达.      

连铸工艺参数对45#、70#钢铸坯冶金效果影响的探讨

通过对45#、70#钢铸坯低倍组织情况的分析以及连铸工艺参数的总结，探讨出钢水过热度、拉速、塞棒自动控制、二冷配水及电磁搅拌等连铸工艺参数对铸坯低倍组织的影响。通过对45#、70#钢中心碳偏析分析，表明随着钢中碳含量升高，连铸拉速、钢水过热度的增加，铸坯中心碳偏析有增大趋势。     

Experimental investigation on solidification of GCr15 bearing steel by the simulated continuous casting

ABSTRACT

An experimental apparatus for simulation of continuous casting process of GCr15 bearing steel billet is established. With the apparatus, the billets of diameter 140?mm are casted in various superheats and cooling conditions. The solidification macrostructure, dendrite morphology, segregation and carbide are investigated. It is shown that melting superheats and cooling conditions remarkably influence the microstructure and solute segregation. It is found that the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the steel increases with the increase of the superheat temperature, and with decrease of the cooling rate. Lower superheat with higher cooling rate promotes the refining of the microstructure. Refining equiaxed grains structure in the centre of the billet leads to lower segregation of carbon. Furthermore, with increasing cooling rates, the spacing of the pearlite laminar is refined and the precipitation of proeutectic carbides is suppressed.     

不锈钢板坯连铸温度场及二冷配水优化的研究

采用有限元法编制了计算不锈钢板坯在连铸时凝固过程温度场及坯壳的生长随时间的变化。将计算结果与实测结果进行了比较 ,得出影响铸坯温度场和凝固末端位置的主要因素是拉速和二冷配水 ,而过热度影响较小