自发性高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2 mRNA转录及其蛋白表达

目的观察不同月龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2) mRNA转录及其蛋白表达,初步探讨ACE2在高血压发生、发展过程中的可能作用。方法雄性SHR1月龄组(S1)、2月龄组(S2)、3月龄组(S3)、6月龄组(S6)和9月龄组(S9)共5组,每组各6只,各组均有相应月龄匹配的Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)大鼠作对照。采用RBP-Ⅰ型大鼠血压心率测定仪测量大鼠尾动脉收缩压(SBP);逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测肾脏ACE2 mRNA的转录水平;免疫组化染色结合计算机图像分析方法测定肾脏ACE2蛋白的表达水平。结果1)SHR的SBP随着月龄的增加而上升,6月龄后趋于稳定。2)SHR和WKY肾脏ACE2蛋白和 mRNA水平均随着月份的增加而增加,3月龄时达高峰,6月龄后趋于稳定;且SHR肾脏ACE2蛋白和 mRNA水平均低于同龄的WKY。S1肾脏髓质内侧部ACE2免疫染色阳性面积百分比较皮质和髓质外侧部高,与1月后的分布相反。结论1)SHR肾脏ACE2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平比WKY大鼠低。2)大鼠肾脏ACE2 mRNA和蛋白的表达具有时间和部位分布上的差异。     

自发性高血压大鼠心脏重构与ACE2 mRNA的表达

目的:观察不同月龄的自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的心脏血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)mRNA表达水平,探讨心脏重构与ACE2的内在联系。方法:将12周龄雄性SHR 18只和12周龄WKY Wistar-Kyoto rats大鼠18只随机分为两组,从WKY大鼠组和SHR组中各抽取9只处死,剩余的9只再喂养12周后处死。测量大鼠心脏的质量(HW)与体质量(BW)并计算HW/BW的比值。以实时定量RT-PCR法检测ACE2 mRNA的表达。结果:①与同周龄WKY大鼠组比较,SHR组HW/BW的比值显著增加(P0.01);与12周龄SHR组比较,24周龄SHR组的HW/BW显著增加(P0.05)。②与同周龄的WKY大鼠组比较,SHR组ACE2 mRNA的表达显著降低(P0.01);与12周龄的SHR组比较,24周龄的SHR组ACE2 mRNA的表达显著降低(P0.01)。结论:自发性高血压大鼠心脏重构伴随着心脏中ACE2 mRNA的表达下调。     

苯那普利、缬沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2表达的影响

目的观察苯那普利与缬沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)和肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)表达水平的影响,探讨ACE2在高血压发病机制和药物治疗中的意义.方法12周龄雄性SHR 28只,分为空白对照组(Sc)、苯那普利组(10 mg/kg·d)(Sb)、小剂量缬沙坦组(10 mg/kg·d)(Sl)、大剂量缬沙坦组(30 mg/kg·d)(Sh),每组7只,7只雄性WKY大鼠为正常对照.药物治疗3月后,用放射免疫法测定血浆Ang Ⅱ含量,RT-PCR法测定肾脏中ACE和ACE2 mRNA的表达水平,免疫组化法比较肾脏中ACE2蛋白的表达.结果与WKY大鼠相比,SHR肾脏中ACE2 mRNA及其蛋白的表达均明显降低,而ACE mRNA的表达和血浆Ang Ⅱ水平则明显升高(P<0.05).缬沙坦治疗后SHR血压显著下降而血浆Ang Ⅱ水平则进一步升高,肾脏中ACE2的表达水平明显升高,且呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05).苯那普利治疗对SHR血浆Ang Ⅱ水平及肾脏ACE2的表达则无明显影响.结论SHR体内ACE和ACE2的表达失衡可能在高血压的发病机制中有重要意义.血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)可能通过升高SHR血浆Ang Ⅱ的水平而增加肾脏中ACE2的表达,ACE2表达的增加可能是ARB抗高血压治疗的一个新药理机制.     

内源性过氧化氢诱导上调自发性高血压大鼠肾脏一氧化氮合成酶的表达

目的 探讨SHR大鼠肾脏NOS表达与氧化压力之间的关系.方法 SHR和WKY大鼠,随机分成对照组、apocynin、tempol组.测定大鼠的收缩压(SBP)、肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、NO体内代谢总产物(NOx)和组织样本的蛋白含量、NADPH氧化酶活性.免疫印迹法测定肾脏皮质,髓质外层,髓质内层及大动脉的eNOS和nNOS的蛋白表达量.结果 SHR对照组的SBP,血浆及尿液的H2O2和NOx含量都明显高于WKY对照组(P＜0.01);但两组间的Scr和BUN含量,以及肌酐清除率没有明显的差异.SHR apocynin和tempol都明显降低了收缩压;其中,tempol组比SHR对照组的Scr明显减少,肌酐清除率明显增加,而apocynin组和SHR对照组相比没有变化;apocynin显著降低血浆及尿液H2O2和NOx的含量,而tempol则与其相反.WKY大鼠中,无论apocynin还是tempol对SBP及血浆、尿液的生化指标都没有显著影响.SHR对照组较WKY对照组,肾脏皮质及髓质外层的NADPH氧化酶活性都有显著增加(P＜0.01).SHR大鼠中,apocynin和tempol都分别显著降低了肾脏皮质(72％和56％)及外髓质(71％和55％)的NADPH氧化酶活性水平.WKY大鼠中,只有apocynin显著降低了肾脏皮质(48％)及外髓质(43％)的水平.SHR对照组和WKY对照组相比较,NOS、nNOS、硝基酪氨酸在肾脏皮质、髓质外层、髓质内层、大动脉的表达都显著升高.apocynin显著降低SHR肾组织的eNOS和nNOS表达,而tempol显著提高.对于WKY大鼠,apocynin和tempol都没有明显的作用.SHR中,apocynin和tempol都显著降低肾脏皮质、髓质外层、髓质内层、大动脉硝基酪氨酸的表达;在WKY大鼠中,apocynin显著降低其表达.结论 氧化压力可上调SHR肾脏NO合成酶的表达,内源性过氧化氢作为媒介物介导了这一上调表达过程.     

苯那普利、缬沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2表达的影响

目的观察苯那普利与缬沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)和肾脏血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)表达水平的影响,探讨ACE2在高血压发病机制和药物治疗中的意义。方法12周龄雄性SHR28只,分为空白对照组(Sc)、苯那普利组(10mg/kg.d)(Sb)、小剂量缬沙坦组(10mg/kg.d)(Sl)、大剂量缬沙坦组(30mg/kg.d)(Sh),每组7只,7只雄性WKY大鼠为正常对照。药物治疗3月后,用放射免疫法测定血浆AngⅡ含量,RT-PCR法测定肾脏中ACE和ACE2mRNA的表达水平,免疫组化法比较肾脏中ACE2蛋白的表达。结果与WKY大鼠相比,SHR肾脏中ACE2mRNA及其蛋白的表达均明显降低,而ACEmRNA的表达和血浆AngⅡ水平则明显升高(P<0.05)。缬沙坦治疗后SHR血压显著下降而血浆AngⅡ水平则进一步升高,肾脏中ACE2的表达水平明显升高,且呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。苯那普利治疗对SHR血浆AngⅡ水平及肾脏ACE2的表达则无明显影响。结论SHR体内ACE和ACE2的表达失衡可能在高血压的发病机制中有重要意义。血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ARB)可能通过升高SHR血浆AngⅡ的水平而增加肾脏中ACE2的表达,ACE2表达的增加可能是ARB抗高血压治疗的一个新药理机制。     

氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠心脏血管紧张素转换酶2-血管紧张素(1～7)-MAS-ERK通路的影响

目的探讨氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌中血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)-血管紧张素(1～7)[Ang(1-7)]-MAS-ERK通路的影响。方法30周龄SHR随机分为SHR组(n=11)、氯沙坦组[氯沙坦灌胃30mg/(kg·d),n=12],以Wistar大鼠(WKY)作正常对照(n=12)。处理12周后,应用放射免疫法检测大鼠血浆及心肌组织血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、血管紧张素(1～7)[Ang-(1-7)]水平;采用RT-PCR法检测各组大鼠心肌血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)、ACE2和MAS受体mRNA水平;采用Western blot法检测ACE、ACE2和磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(pERK1/2)蛋白表达水平。结果用药12周后,氯沙坦组血压明显低于SHR组[(164.3±21.6)比(241.3±24.5)mmHg,P<0.01];SHR组心肌ACE mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著高于WKY组,而ACE2 mRNA和蛋白表达、心肌MAS受体mRNA表达水平明显低于WKY组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);氯沙坦组ACE2 mRNA和蛋白表达、MAS mRNA表达水平高于SHR组(P<0.01),心...     

硫化氢对自发性高血压大鼠血管炎症反应的调节作用

目的 探讨新型气体信号分子硫化氢(H2S)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血管炎症反应的调节作用.方法 4周龄Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)雄性大鼠和SHR雄性大鼠分为4组:WKY大鼠对照组、SHR对照组、SHR+硫氢化钠(NaHS,H2S供体)组及SHR+炔丙基甘氨酸(PPG,H2S生成关键酶抑制剂)组,饲养至9周.尾容积法测清醒时大鼠血压,免疫组织化学方法检测主动脉内皮细胞膜细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、核转录因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)和核转录因子抑制因子-α(IκB-α)的蛋白表达,原位杂交分析检测主动脉内皮细胞ICAM-1 mRNA的表达.结果 SHR对照组血压显著高于WKY对照组(P<0.05),主动脉内皮细胞ICAM-1、ICAM-1 mRNA、胞核NF-κB p65明显高(P均<0.01),胞浆IκB-α蛋白表达明显低(P<0.01).SHR+NaHS组血压显著低于SHR对照组,主动脉内皮细胞ICAM-1、ICAM-1 mRNA、胞核NF-κB p65蛋白表达明显低(P<0.05),胞浆IκB-α蛋白表达明显增高(P<0.05),SHR+PPG组主动脉内皮细胞ICAM-1、ICAM-1mRNA、胞核NF-κB p65蛋白表达更高(P<0.05),胞浆IκB-α蛋白表达显著低(P<0.05).结论 H2S可通过抑制SHR血管炎症发挥抗高血压效应.H2S的抗血管炎症效应可能通过上调IκB-α的表达,降低NF-κB p65的表达,抑制ICAM-1 mRNA的转录和蛋白表达实现.     

人参皂苷Rg2对SHR大鼠血压及肾脏MMP2、MMP9表达的影响

目的 研究人参皂苷Rg2对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压的影响及肾脏组织中基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）2和MMP9表达的影响。方法 采用无创大鼠鼠尾测压仪测量各组大鼠动脉血压及心率，Realtime PCR检测大鼠肾脏组织MMP2、MMP9的mRNA水平，Western Blot检测MMP2、MMP9的蛋白水平。结果 与WKY大鼠相比，SHR大鼠的体质量、肾脏质量、心率均无明显变化，血压包括收缩压、舒张压及平均动脉压均显著性增高(P<0.05)。Rg2处理4周后，SHR大鼠的血压均显著性降低(P<0.05)，WKY大鼠的血压无明显变化。SHR大鼠的MMP2和MMP9的mRNA水平均明显高于WKY大鼠(P<0.05)。Rg2处理4周后，SHR大鼠的MMP2和MMP9的mRNA水平均显著下降(P<0.05)，WKY大鼠的MMP2和MMP9的mRNA水平无明显变化。Rg2处理后SHR大鼠的MMP2和MMP9蛋白变化趋势与mRNA变化趋势一致。结论 Rg2显著降低SHR大鼠的血压以及肾脏组织MMP2和MMP9的表达。     

水孔蛋白2(AQP2)在SHR和WKY大鼠肾脏的不同表达

目的本研究旨在探讨SHR和WKY大鼠肾脏中,AQP2 mRNA是否存在差异表达及其和精氨酸加压素(AVP)的关系.方法成年SHR和WKY大鼠各9只,12周龄,体重200～300 g.断头取血,放免法测定血浆AVP含量.取肾脏近髓组织100 mg,RT-PCR法检测大鼠肾脏AQP2mRNA的表达量,数据以-x±s表示.结果 SHR肾脏AQP2mRNA表达水平显著高于WKY(0.801±0.08vs0.571±0.06,P＜0.05),SHR血浆中AVP的浓度显著高于WKY(90±17.83 vs60.82±12.59)pg/mL.结论 SHR肾脏AQP2 mRNA表达量上调,可能在SHR高血压的发生发展中发挥着一定的作用,AVP可能介导了AQP2 mRNA表达.     

缬沙坦对老龄高血压大鼠肾脏重构及MMP-9、c-fos表达的影响

目的 评价应用缬沙坦阻断RAAS系统对老龄自发性高血压(SHR)大鼠(SHR)肾脏MMP-9、c-fos的影响.方法 20只40周龄老龄SHR随机分组:SHR对照组、缬沙坦组,另设老龄WKY对照组.12 w后取肾脏标本,免疫组化法检测肾脏Ⅳ型胶原的表达;RT-PCR检测MMP-9、c-fos mRNA的表达,Western印迹检测MMP-9、c-fos蛋白的表达水平.结果 免疫组化显示:与WKY对照组比较,SHR对照组Ⅳ型胶原水平明显增高,缬沙坦组能明显降低SHR肾脏Ⅳ型胶原表达水平;实时定量RT-PCR和Western印迹显示,与WKY对照组比较,SHR对照组MMP-9、c-fos mRNA和蛋白表达明显增高,药物组显著降低其表达水平.结论 应用缬沙坦阻断RAAS系统能够有效地改善和逆转老龄SHR大鼠的肾脏重构.     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma