一种低电压、低噪声、高增益CMOS折叠式混频器

针对IEEE802.154协议设计了一种工作于2.44GHz的900mV低电压、低噪声、高增益CMOS折叠式混频器,并在混频器的开关级共源节点引入LC回路吸收寄生电容,进一步提高了混频器的主要性能.在chartered0.18tanCMOS工艺下采用SpectreRF进行仿真,仿真结果表明:该混频器的转换增益高达18.6dB,单边带噪声系数(SSB NF)仅为7.15dB,输入/输出三阶截断点(IIP3/OIP3)为-8.77/9.88dBm,功耗为52mW.     

用于WCDMA发射机系统的SiGe BiCMOS上变频混频器

设计了一种用于WCDMA发射机系统的1.95 GHz上变频混频器。电路采用传统的双平衡吉尔伯特结构,并引入电流注入和多双曲正切技术,实现了较高的转换增益和线性度。基于宏力0.18μm SiGe BiCMOS工艺,对电路进行仿真。结果显示,该双平衡有源混频器转换增益约为6 dB,1 dB输出线性度约为4 dBm,噪声在15 dB左右,表明该电路达到基本性能要求。     

一种无电感高线性有源混频器的设计

提出了一种基于负阻退化技术的2.4 GHz高线性亚阈值混频器,该混频器相对于传统结构而言,增加了两个交叉耦合电容.由于该结构的内部负阻退化技术抵消了寄生电容,因而降低了寄生电容对增益和线性度的影响,改善了增益和线性度.采用基于Volterra级数的小信号模型,分析交叉耦合电容对于输入三阶交调点ⅡP3和增益的影响.分析表明该方法确实能够改善ⅡP3性能.采用TSMC 0.13 μm CMOS工艺进行设计并流片,该芯片大小为0.22 mm×0.2 mm.芯片测试结果表明,该混频器在2.1mW功耗的情况下,获得了13.4 dB的增益,并且ⅡP3高达5.4 dBm.     

毫米波单片有源混频器的研制

采用OMMIC 0.18μm GaAs pHEMT工艺,研制了毫米波单片有源混频器.该混频器选用单栅极单端FET混频结构.在中频输出端设计了低通滤波器,以提高LO-IF、RF-IF的隔离度.芯片的尺寸仅为0.95mm×1.85mm.在射频频率为39GHz、输出中频频率为3GHz时,该混频器的变频增益为0.6dB,LO-IF隔离度大于55dB,RF-IF的隔离度大于30dB.     

一种用于76-81 GHz汽车雷达的CMOS毫米波下混频器

设计了一款用于76～81 GHz汽车雷达的CMOS毫米波正交下混频器,该混频器由前置放大、有源正交混频两部分构成。在前置放大器中,采用基于变压器的跨导增强技术改善了增益。在有源正交下混频器中,使用并联电感谐振结合交叉耦合管动态电流注入技术,消除跨导管与开关管之间的寄生电容,降低混频器噪声、提高转换增益。芯片采用55-nm CMOS工艺制造,测试结果表明,该下混频器3dB带宽为5.5 GHz,峰值转换增益4.1 dB,I/Q两路增益失配小于0.16 dB(50Ω负载条件),最小噪声系数19 dB,输入1dB压缩点-6 dBm,直流功耗40 mW,实现了优异的FOM值。     

2.45 GHz有源标签接收机中的下变频混频器

设计了一种用于2.45 GHz有源标签接收机的低中频正交下变频混频器。改进了传统的吉尔伯特结构, 采用了共享跨导正交结构和电流注入技术, 以提高混频器的增益, 减小混频器的噪声。该混频器采用UMC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺设计。仿真结果表明, 该混频器在1.8 V电压下, 电流消耗为3.1 mA, 转换增益为17.18 dB, 输入1 dB压缩点Pin-1dB与输入3阶截点IIP3分别为-13.5 dBm, -3.23 dBm, 在2 MHz中频下的噪声系数为14 dB。     

一种高增益低噪声混频器的设计

本文设计了一种高增益低噪声混频器,提出了一种新的吉尔伯特混频器负载级电路.该混频器在3.3V工作电压下,基于Chartered 0.25 μ m标准CM0S工艺设计模型进行仿真验证,优化结果表明,该混频器的增益达到9.02dB,噪声系数为8.88dB,谐波失真降低为-17.29dB.     

一种电流注入式零中频正交混频器

设计了一种用于900MHz RFID阅读器的零中频正交下变频混频器,该混频器采用共跨导级正交结构,并利用电流注入技术减小噪声,在UMC0.18μmCMOS工艺下实现。整个芯片分为三部分,混频器、带隙基准以及缓冲器,总面积为1.1mm2。混频器在1.8V电压下消耗电流3.7mA,带宽范围880～940MHz,增益16.42dB,三阶截点为-4.625dBm,在100kHz处噪声系数为15.2dB。芯片能够达到阅读器的性能要求。     

一种ISM 2.4GHz的低功耗低中频射频接收机前端

本文描述了一种工作在2.4GHz ISM频段的低功耗、低中频射频接收机前端电路,使用TSMC 0.13um CMOS工艺。整个前端包括一个低噪声放大器以及两次变频下变换混频器。低噪声放大器通过在输入级引入额外的栅-源电容实现了低功耗与低噪声的设计;在下变换混频器设计中,分别使用一个单平衡射频混频器以及两个双平衡低中频混频器实现两次变频下变换技术;射频混频器输入晶体管源极串联电感-电容谐振网络以及低噪声放大器输出级的电感-电容谐振网络总共实现了30dB的镜像抑制率。整个前端占用芯片面积约0.42mm2,在1.2V的供电电压下,仅耗功率4.5mW,实现了4dB的噪声系数,在高增益模式下,获得-22dBm的三阶交调线性度,整个链路电压增益为37dB。     

一款低噪声卫星导航接收机射频前端的设计

基于0.18tm RF CMOS工艺,采用低中频系统结构,设计了一款可应用于全球定位导航系统(GPS) L1频段和北斗二代(BD2) B1频段的低噪声卫星导航接收机的射频模拟前端芯片.该前端包括低噪声放大器、无源混频器、中频放大器、复数带通滤波器和数控可变增益放大器.其中低噪声放大器采用电流舵技术,与无源混频器一起,提高了射频前端的1 dB压缩点输入功率(Pi(1dB)),有效地改善了系统的线性度.测试结果显示,在GPS L1频点,系统的最大增益107.2 dB,噪声系数达到1.8 dB,动态增益66 dB,镜像抑制比约为39.54 dB,Pi(1dB)为-41 dBm,电源为1.8V时,消耗电流16 mA,芯片面积1.7 mm×0.8 mm.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.