融合阻抗控制的虚拟现实遥操作技术研究

以空间机器人在轨服务为背景,建立了卫星自维护系统的地面遥操作平台,利用虚拟现实技术克服了时延对机器人遥操作的影响.为提高遥操作性能、减少操作者压力,提出了在主操作端(主端)利用虚拟夹具法辅助进行任务规划,并在从机器人端(从端)采用对模型误差具有鲁棒性的阻抗控制方法.在主端采用手动操作或虚拟夹具,同时从端采用位置控制或阻抗控制4种组合的情况下,遥操作机器人完成了打开太阳能帆板的任务.实验比较了操作过程中机器人腕部的受力情况.结果证明该方法可以有效地减少操作者压力且提高操作性能.     

3D图形预测仿真及虚拟夹具的大时延遥操作技术

以空间机器人在轨服务为背景,建立了卫星在轨自维护系统的地面遥操作平台.远端由安装在卫星本体上的一个四自由度机器人和灵巧手的臂/手系统组成,当卫星出现故障时,遥操作者通过空间鼠标和力反馈数据手套分别控制远端的臂/手系统排除卫星故障,实现卫星的自我维护.对于地面-太空之间通讯的大时延,利用3D图形预测仿真技术克服时延的影响,并采用虚拟夹具法提高遥操作系统的安全性和操作性能.在大时延及变时延(约7 s)的条件下,实现了武汉遥操作哈尔滨的自维护机器人臂/手系统,成功地完成了打开太阳能帆板的典型卫星在轨维护任务,验证了该方法的有效性,为今后实际空间机器人的地面遥操作提供了经验.     

基于虚拟夹具的微创外科手术机器人运动约束研究

机器人辅助微创外科手术(RMIS)技术能够显著提高外科医生对手术的执行能力.然而,现有的机器人主从遥操作模式下所存在的不足之处(如手眼协调性差、可视空间狭窄、力反馈信息的缺失等)容易导致医生产生过度操作而引起机器人执行机构的碰撞干涉(包括机械臂之间的碰撞干涉及内窥镜杆与手术器械杆的碰撞干涉)和手术器械末端脱离手术视野,由此带来的安全性问题不容忽视.本文提出了一种基于虚拟夹具的微创外科手术机器人空间运动约束方法,以"MicroHand S"机器人系统作为应用平台,在进行机械臂构型及运动学分析的基础上,针对上述问题展开研究,通过构建碰撞干涉检测模型实时监测机器人执行机构之间及机器人与环境物体之间的相对距离,并设置相应的安全预警区域,采用人工势场与虚拟代理点相结合的方式对机器人执行机构的运动空间加以限制,从而达到对医生的操作动作进行合理的引导与约束,提高手术效率与操作安全性的目的.该方法无需构建复杂的几何模型,虚拟夹具的定义方便快捷,对于其他主从操作模式下的微创外科手术机器人系统及类似的人机交互环境具有普适意义.最终的虚拟仿真实验结果表明,在有、无虚拟夹具两种操作环境下,实验参与人员的表现有着明显的差异,从而验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

基于虚拟斥力的多机器人遥操作算法的研究

针对多机器人遥操作系统多机器人协作中易于发生碰撞的问题,提出基于虚拟斥力的方法实现实时避碰.在每个机器人的周围预先设定安全区域,当有障碍侵入安全区域时,机器人与障碍之间产生虚拟斥力,迫使机器人的轨迹发生调整远离障碍.基于弹簧、阻尼系统建立虚拟斥力模型,将虚拟斥力作为机器人的扰动力,根据障碍类型给出机器人的避障调整函数.利用Rx60、Rx90两个机器人进行遥操作协作实验,实验结果表明基于虚拟斥力的实时避碰算法能够简单而高效地保证协作作业的安全性.     

基于在线重建的遥操作预测显示系统

为了提高遥操作的操作效率,采用一种基于单目视觉的预测显示方法来解决时延导致的视觉反馈滞后问题.该方法通过基于地图的相机位姿估计算法来实时跟踪机器人的状态,在线构建机器人工作环境的三维几何结构模型,并结合多纹理映射技术进行渲染,将模型重投影到预测视点下,得到逼真的预测图像.搭建了一个基于客户端-服务器端模式的系统平台,用于未知环境下的遥操作.结果表明,在总长为7.112 m的摄像机运动轨迹中,位姿跟踪的平均误差约为0.015 m.该系统不仅能提供预测图像,而且支持生成任意视点的图像,有利于操作者从各个角度观察机器人工作场景.     

时延力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统预测控制研究

通讯时延是造成力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统不稳定和操作性能下降的关键因素 ,针对时延问题 ,提出了一种适用于时延力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统的广义预测控制方法 ,该方法通过预测控制器产成实时的预测力反馈以消除时延的影响 .此外 ,为使该方法应用于遥操作机器人未知环境作业 ,本文采用AUDI辨识算法对环境模型进行辨识 .构造实验系统 ,通过实验验证了该方法的有效性 .     

具有触觉视觉临场感的遥操作机器人

为有效控制机器人完成复杂、精巧的任务,提高机器人在非确定环境下的作业效率,提出了一种具有触觉和视觉临场感功能的遥操作机器人控制新方法。机械手抓握或触摸物体时产生触觉,触觉信号经处理后通过数据手套的震动来刺激操控人员,实现触觉临场感,操控者可根据触觉临场感来掌握自己的手部动作;视觉临场感以视频和3D虚拟工作场景的形式再现。实验表明,该方法能有效提高遥操作机器人的操作能力。     

基于OpenGL的虚拟现实技术在遥操作机器人系统的研究与实现

为了创建具有良好沉浸感和真实感的虚拟现实操作环境,从而使操作者更直观地感知遥操作机器人所处的工作环境,并准确地发出执行指令,对空间机器人远距离遥操作中的虚拟现实系统进行了研究与开发.利用3D建模与OpenGL等关键技术创建遥操作虚拟环境,通过手柄对真实机械臂与虚拟环境中的模型同时进行控制驱动.操作人员可以改变虚拟环境中的视点和视角,依靠更加生动的视觉临场感信息,实现单一的视频反馈所不能达到的监控效果.在模拟大时延的条件下,利用现场真实的信息去修正预测误差,提高了系统的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力.系统结构清晰,可以进行模块拓展并方便二次开发.     

一种基于视觉信息的自主搬运机器人

提出了一种利用视觉信息进行定位和抓取的自主机器人搬运系统,此系统由带有两自由度操作手的轮式移动机器人和远程控制站组成。机器人利用视觉系统识别路标信息,采用MonteCarlo方法进行自定位。当靠近目标物体时,机器人利用视觉系统识别目标,并在利用该信息引导下自动抓取。由于机器人的运行是靠视觉系统获取的路标信息和目标物体信息引导的,同时具有遥操作控制功能,因此该系统能轻松完成复杂环境下搬运物体的任务。     

时延力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统预测控制研究

通讯时延是造成力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统不稳定和操作性能下降的关键因素，针对时延问题，提出了一种适用于时延力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统的广义预测控制方法，该方法通过预测控制器产成实时的预测力反馈以消除时延的影响．此外，为使该方法应用于遥操作机器人未知环境作业，本采用AUDI辨识算法对环境模型进行辨识．构造实验系统，通过实验验证了该方法的有效性．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.