Effect of the gap junction blocker 1-heptanol on chondrogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

Objective:To investigate the effect of the gap junction blocker 1-heptanol on the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) following induction by GDF-5. Methods:MSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and cultured in vitro. After 3 passages cells were induced to undergo chondrogenic differentiation with recombinant human GDF-5(100 ng/ml), with or without 1-heptanol(2.5μmol/L). The effect of 1-heptanol on MSCs proliferation was investigated using the MTT assay...     

雄激素对卵母细胞生长分化因子

通过观察雄激素对小鼠卵母细胞生长分化因子 9（growth differentiation factor 9,GDF 9）表达的影响，研究GDF 9参与卵泡生长发育及其表达调控机制，探讨GDF 9与多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS)的关系。方法：以性成熟昆明小鼠为研究模型，体内实验分为实验组（注射丙酸睾丸酮）和对照组（注射等体积的生理盐水），每组各20只小鼠，采用原位杂交法检测卵巢组织GDF 9 mRNA的表达水平。体外实验：胶原酶消化加机械法分离性成熟昆明小鼠卵泡进行体外培养，实验组培养液中加睾丸酮,对照组不加睾丸酮,72?h后收集卵泡，免疫组化检测卵母细胞GDF 9的表达水平。结果：体内实验：实验组较对照组卵巢组织GDF 9 mRNA表达水平降低, 差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；体外实验：实验组卵母细胞GDF 9蛋白表达较对照组降低，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：雄激素减弱卵母细胞GDF 9 mRNA和蛋白的表达强度；表达强度降低的GDF 9可能与PCOS卵泡发育停滞有关     

Notch4信号在小鼠胚胎早期造血发育的表达

目的:探讨小鼠胚胎发育过程早期造血组织中Notch4信号的基因与蛋白的表达情况.方法:采用PT-PCR和Westernblot方法,对小鼠胚胎孕9.5d(E9.5)、E10.5、E11.5、E12.5胚胎的主动脉-性腺-中肾(Aorta-gonad-mesonephros,AGM)区和胎肝中Notch4信号基因和蛋白的...     

Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by Cartilage-derived Morphogenetic Protein-2 In Vitro

To study the cartilage differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） induced by cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins-2 in vitro, the MSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and cultured in vitro. The cells in passage 3 were induced into chondrogenic differentiation with different concentrations of recombinant human cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins-2 （0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ng/mL）. After 14 days of induction, morphology of cells was observed under phase-contrast microscope. Collagen Ⅱ mRNA and protein were examined with RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry respectively and the sulfate glycosaminoglycan was measured by Alcian blue staining. RT-PCR showed that CDMP-2 could promote expression of collagen Ⅱ mRNA in an dose-dependant manner, especially at the concentration of 50 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL. Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting revealed a similar change. Alcian blue staining exhibited deposition of typical cartilage extracellular matrix. Our results suggest that mouse bone marrow mesencymal stem cells can differentiate into chondrogenic phonotype with the induction of CDMP-2 in vitro, which provides a basis for further research on the role of CDMP-2 in chondrogenesis.     

转录因子Tbx18在小鼠胚胎发育过程中的时空表达

目的检测胚胎期小鼠Tbx18在mRNA及蛋白水平的表达情况,了解Tbx18在小鼠胚胎发育过程中的时空表达模式。方法用整体原位杂交技术检测小鼠整胚TBX18 mRNA的表达,用X-gal染色检测Tbx18-Cre/Rosa26R/LacZ双杂合基因谱系示踪模型小鼠胚胎的报告基因LacZ蛋白的表达,用荧光定量PCR检测小鼠胚胎期心脏mRNA的定量表达。结果发现在小鼠胚胎期9.5～10.5 d转录因子Tbx18主要在前体心外膜表达,由前体心外膜逐渐迁移定位于心外膜;在11.5～12.5 d的小鼠胚胎Tbx18主要定位于心脏、上下肢、体节及上下唇鄂区域;大于12.5 d的小鼠胚胎Tbx18除了上述部位外还定位于肾、输尿管、膀胱等区域。结论转录因子Tbx18在小鼠胚胎发育过程中的表达具有时空特异性,对小鼠心脏的发育可能起着至关重要的作用;同时在上下肢、体节、唇鄂、肾、输尿管、膀胱的发育中也可能起非常重要的作用。     

SPP-1、GDF-15和CXCL-1在人小肝癌中表达的初步研究

目的:针对前期应用基因芯片(Affymetrix Rat Genome 230.2.0)筛选出的大鼠早期肝癌中高表达的人同源分泌蛋白基因SPP-1、GDF-15和CXCL-1,定量验证其在人小肝癌中mRNA和血清蛋白的表达水平,并探讨其临床应用价值。方法:应用实时定量PCR和双抗体夹心法ELISA,检测15例小肝癌及正常肝脏组织(癌旁正常肝脏组织)的mRNA水平及对应小肝癌血清和正常人血清中的蛋白表达水平。结果:①SPP-1、GDF-15和CXCL-1基因在小肝癌组织中较对照组表达显著上调,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②SPP-1血清蛋白检测值与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);GDF-15血清蛋白含量在小肝癌组中表达水平明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);小肝癌组中CXCL-1血清蛋白含量较正常对照组表达下调,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:①NF-κB信号通路基因(CXCL-1)、P53信号通路基因(GDF-15)和SPP-1基因在人小肝癌组织中高表达,可能与肝癌发生的早期过程相关;②分泌性蛋白GDF-15和CXCL-1显示出小肝癌筛选诊断的潜在价值。     

Cloning of Integral Mature Peptide Gene of Human GDF-5

The integral mature peptide gene of human growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) was出人物cloned to provide the essential foundation for study on the biological characteristics of GDF-5 at gene and protein levels. Two primers were chemosynthesized according to the hGDF-5 sequence reported in Genbank. The hGDF-5 gene was gained by RT-PCR methods from the total RNA extracted from human fetus cartilage tissue, and was cloned into vector pMD18-T. The sequence of recombinant plasmid pMD18-T-hGDF-5 was analyzed by sequence analysis. DNA agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the product of RT-PCR was about 380bp, and double enzyme digestion of the recombinant plasmid corresponded with it. The result of sequence assay was in agreement with the reported hGDF-5 sequence in Genbank. Our results showed that the integral mature peptide gene of human GDF-5 was cloned successfully from human fetal cartilage tissue, and totally identified with the seouence of human GDF-5 in Genhank.     

低氧诱导因子-1α在小鼠椎体发育中的表达及其意义

目的探讨低氧诱导因子（HIF）-1α在小鼠胚胎椎体发育过程中的表达规律及其调节作用。方法在解剖显微镜及光学显微镜下观察小鼠胚胎椎体骨发育的演变过程;应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）和免疫组化方法,检测小鼠胚胎椎体在发育不同时段HIF—-1α表达状况,及与血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、软骨和骨标记基因的表达关系。结果胚胎第13．5天（E13．5）时,软骨性脊柱形成;E15．5时,椎体内形成小的骨化核,之后初级骨化中心逐渐增大,并向头尾两端延伸。E13．5时。可检测到HIF—-1α的mRNA表达,E14．5时,HIF—-1α的表达水平达高峰（组间比较P〈0．05）。其后逐渐降低,至出生前只有很少量表达;VEGF mRNA表达时相同HIF—-1α表达一致;软骨和骨标记基因的表达与形态学演变相符。E14．5时,免疫组化检测到HIF—-1α蛋白在椎体中心表达,延续表达时间较mRNA长。结论椎体发育表现为软骨内成骨过程,存在低氧环境,伴随有HIF—-1α mRNA及蛋白量的增加及其下游基因VEGF的表达,这可能与HIF—-1α激活下游基因启动椎体软骨内骨化过程有关。     

Downregulation of Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase 1 in the process of delayed myocardialization of cardiac proximal outflow tract septum in connexin 43 knockout mice embryo

Background  The connexin43 knockout (Cx43 KO) mouse dies at birth with an enlarged conotruncal region, which leads to the obstruction of the right outflow tract (OFT). Since myocardialization of the proximal OFT septum is one of the key events during heart development, we investigated the process in the Cx43 KO embryo hearts. Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), is a recently found key molecule to regulate the myocardialization of OFT, but its spatiotemporal expression pattern during myocardialization remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the differentially expressed pattern of ROCK1 between Cx43 KO and wild type embryo hearts, and its relationship with the delayed myocardialization in Cx43 KO embryo hearts.

Methods  Using immunohistochemistry, the processes of myocardiolization were investigated both in Cx43 KO and wild type embryo hearts. The differentially expressed pattern of ROCK1 between Cx43 KO and wildtype embryo hearts was evaluated both at the mRNA and protein level by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Results  The expression of α-sarcomeric actin (α-SCA) in the proximal OFT septum of Cx43 KO embryos was delayed. Meanwhile, it was shown that the downregulation of ROCK1 coincided with delayed myocardialization. The expression of ROCK1 protein was mainly limited to the proximal outflow tract septum from embryo day (E) E11.5 to E15.5. Its expression pattern was similar with that of α-SCA. Real-time RT-PCR found that the expression level of Rock-1 mRNA began at a low level on E11.5 and reached peak at E13.5 and E14.5.

Conclusions  ROCK1 may have an important role in the process of myocardialization of the proximal OFT septum. Downregulation of ROCK1 is likely to contribute to the aberrant myocardialization in Cx43 KO embryo hearts.

     

QY1骨髓多能间质干细胞系多向分化潜能的检测

目的:检测QY1骨髓间质干细胞系在体外向脂肪细胞、软骨细胞、成骨细胞、心肌细胞、血管内皮细胞和神经细胞分化的能力.方法:选用第5代QY1骨髓间质干细胞系,分别用成脂培养基、成软骨培养基、成骨培养基、5–氮胞苷、血管内皮生长因子、神经细胞培养液(诱导液1为10mmol/L β-巯基乙醇;诱导液2为2%二甲基亚砜和10-8mol/L地塞米松)对其进行定向诱导分化.采用染色法、免疫组化法、RT-PCR法鉴定分化后的细胞.结果:在成脂培养基培养21d左右出现大量含脂滴的脂肪细胞,苏丹III染色法检测脂肪细胞胞浆呈桔红色.在成软骨培养基培养21d左右有软骨结节形成,阿尔新蓝染色法将软骨结节染为深蓝色.在成骨培养基培养35d左右有凸出的骨结节形成,Von Kossa染色法显示有黑色矿化结节形成.在10μmol/L 5–氮胞苷诱导液中能出现自发性搏动的心肌细胞和肌管样结构,免疫组化法显示心肌特异性的表面抗体α-横纹肌肌动蛋白、心肌连接蛋白-43表达阳性,RT-PCR法检测有心肌特异性因子α-肌球蛋白重链表达.在含有50ng/mL血管内皮生长因子的诱导液中能出现呈直线排列的血管内皮细胞和血管内皮细胞网状结构,免疫组化法显示血管内皮特异性表面抗体CD31和VIII因子表达阳性.神经诱导液1处理组出现神经元,免疫组化法显示胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达阴性,神经元特异性核蛋白表达阳性;神经诱导液2处理组出现神经胶质细胞,免疫组化法显示胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达阳性,神经元特异性核蛋白表达阴性.结论:本研究证实QY1骨髓间质干细胞系细胞具有分化为脂肪细胞、软骨细胞、成骨细胞、心肌细胞、血管内皮细胞、神经元和神经胶质细胞的潜能,提示QY1骨髓间质干细胞系具有向多个胚层、7个方向分化的多向潜能.     

ICR小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚发育的动态组织学观察

目的了解ICR小鼠下颌第一磨牙牙胚的发育时序特点,为使用小鼠研究牙齿发育机制和相关影响因素提供实验基础。方法分别取E(胚胎)11.5、E12.5、E13.5、E14.5、E15.5、E16.5、E17.5和E18.5 d的胎鼠和PN(出生后)2 d的新生小鼠的头部或下颌骨,固定脱钙包埋后行连续切片,进行HE染色,在显微照相系统下进行观察记录,分析ICR小鼠磨牙牙胚发育的动态变化规律。结果 E11.5 d为牙胚发育始动,E12.5 d牙胚向蕾状期过渡,E13.5 d进入蕾状期,帽状期为E14.5~E15.5 d,钟状期开始于E16.5 d,出生后2 d牙体硬组织开始逐渐形成。结论 ICR小鼠胚胎11 d至出生后第2天是研究下颌第一磨牙牙胚发育机制的最佳时机。     

重度子痫前期胎盘组织中sVCAM-1、GDF-15的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨重度子痫前期（SPE）胎盘组织中可溶性血管内皮黏附分子-1（sVCAM-1）、生长分化因子-15（GDF-15）的表达及临床意义。方法 选取2018年5月—2021年5月江苏大学附属医院行剖宫产术终止妊娠的204例妊娠高血压患者，其中单纯妊娠高血压患者87例（妊娠高血压组），子痫前期（PE）患者52例（PE组），SPE患者65例（SPE组），另选取同期该院产检住院行剖宫产分娩的健康妊娠孕妇52例为对照组。通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测所有研究对象胎盘组织中sVCAM-1、GDF-15的表达。分析不同人群胎盘组织中sVCAM-1 mRNA、GDF-15 mRNA相对表达量，Pearson法分析sVCAM-1 mRNA与GDF-15 mRNA的相关性；多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响SPE发生的因素。结果 对照组胎盘组织中sVCAM-1 mRNA、GDF-15 mRNA相对表达量低于妊娠高血压组、PE组及SPE组（P <0.05），妊娠高血压组sVCAM-1 mRNA、GDF-15 mRNA相对表达量低于PE组和SPE组（P <0.05），PE组sVCAM-1 mRNA、GDF-15 mRNA相对表达量均低于SPE组（P <0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示，SPE组sVCAM-1 mRNA与GDF-15 mRNA呈正相关（P <0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，sVCAM-1 mRNA［O^R=3.550（95% CI：1.461，8.628）］、GDF-15 mRNA［O^R=4.059（95% CI：1.670，9.865）］是SPE发生的影响因素（P <0.05）。结论 胎盘组织中sVCAM-1、GDF-15的异常表达可能与PE发病有关，sVCAM-1、GDF-15高表达可能使PE患者进展为SPE。     

GDF5在大鼠颞下颌关节发育早期髁状突软骨中作用的研究

目的通过观察生长分化因子-5（GDF-5）在大鼠颞下颌关节发育早期髁状突软骨中表达的时空变化特点,探讨GDF-5在髁状突软骨发育中的意义.方法建立大鼠胚胎（E）13、15、17、19、21 d的颞下颌关节发育模型,应用免疫组化法检测GDF-5在颞下颌关节早期发育的不同时期髁状突软骨中的表达.结果免疫组织化学检测GDF-5在髁状突软骨的发育过程中具有时空特异性,GDF-5在E13 d的髁状突细胞凝聚区中开始表达,在E15 d的增殖层及成软骨细胞层表达较强,之后表达减弱;GOF-5在肥大细胞层表达由弱至强又减弱;GDF-5在髁状突软骨不同发育时间、不同分化阶段的表达水平不同.结论 GDF-5参与调控髁状突软骨细胞增殖、分化及成熟的过程.     

黑素瘤抑制蛋白在转基因小鼠胚胎乳腺组织中的表达

目的：检测黑素瘤抑制蛋白（ＭＩＡ／ＣＤ－ＲＡＰ）在小鼠胚胎乳腺组织中的表达。方法：剖腹分离出１０．５－１６．５ｄ的ＭＩＡ－ＣＤ／ＲＡＰ启动子－半乳糖苷酶（２．２１ｌａｃＺ）转基因小鼠胚胎,利用Ｘ－ｇａｌ全胚胎染色观察转基因的组织和细胞染色,并以免疫组织化学染色检测内源性ＭＩＡ／ＣＤ－ＲＡＰ蛋白在胚胎乳腺组织叫的表达。结果：ＭＩＡ／ＣＤ－ＲＡＰ在孕期１１．５ｄ的小鼠胚胎乳腺上皮细胞中开始表达,至１３     

Autologous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on diabetic patients with lower limb ischemia

Objective： To study the efficacy and safety of autologous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on diabetic patients with lower limb ischemia. Methods： Fifty Type 2 diabetic patients with lower limb ischemia were enrolled and randomized to either transplanted group or control group. Patients in both group received the same conventional treatment. Meanwhile, 20 ml bone marrow from each transplanted patient were collected, and the mesenchymal stem cells were separated by density gradient centrifugation and cultured in the medium with autologous serum. After three-weeks adherent culture in vitro, 7.32×10^8-5.61×10^9 mesenchymal stem cells were harvested and transplanted by multiple intramuscular and hypodermic injections into the impaired lower limbs. Results： At the end of 12-week follow-up, 5 patients were excluded from this study because of clinical worsening or failure of cell culture. Main ischemic symptoms, including rest pain and intermittent claudication, were improved significantly in transplanted patients. The ulcer healing rate of the transplanted group （1 5 of 18, 83.33%） was significantly higher than that of the control group （9 of 20, 45.00%, P=0.012）.The mean of resting ankle-brachial index （ABI） in transplanted group significantly was increased from 0.61±0.09 to 0.74±0.11 （P〈0.001）. Magnetic resonance angiography （MRA） demonstrated that there were more patients whose score of new vessels exceeded or equaled to 2 in the transplant patients （11 of 15） than in control patients （2 of 14, P=0.001）. Lower limb amputation rate was significantly lower in transplanted group than in the control group （P=0.040）. No adverse effects was observed in transplanted group. Conclusion： These results indicate that the autologous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells relieves critical lower limb ischemia and promotes ulcers healing in Type 2 diabetic patients.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞复合新型生物材料向软骨分化的实验研究

目的探讨培养的人骨髓间充质干细胞体外经过软骨诱导分化植入体内形成软骨组织的方法.方法分离培养人骨髓间充质干细胞,接种至新的高分子生物材料3-羟基丁酸、3-羟基己酸无规嵌段共聚物p(3HB-co-3HH)中,加入成软骨诱导培养体系,1周后植入裸鼠体内,10周后取出后行HE与阿尔新蓝染色.结果 HE与阿尔新蓝染色提示有软骨组织形成.结论人骨髓间充质干细胞能够向软骨细胞分化,复合生物材料体内植入后能够构建软骨组织.     

In vitro chondrogenesis of the goat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells directed by chondrocytes in monolayer and 3-dimetional indirect co-culture system

Background  Cartilage injury has a very poor capacity for intrinsic regeneration. The cell-based treatment strategy for the cartilage repair using differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is, however, a promising approach to the chondral repair. This study was aimed to explore the chondrogenic potential of the goat BMSCs in the Transwell co-culture system and the poly-laetide-co-glycolide (PLGA) scaffolds.

Methods  The BMSCs were isolated from the goat iliac crest while the chondrocytes were obtained from the goat’s last costal cartilage. In the Transwell co-culture system, the BMSCs co-cultured with chondrocytes were designed as group A, whereas the goat’s BMSCs induced with the chondrogenic medium were group B. Both groups A and B were the experimental groups, while group C that only contained BMSCs was the control group. In the PLGA scaffolds co-culture system, BMSCs were seeded into the PLGA scaffolds, which were suspended in the 24-well plate, and the control group was established by presence or absence of chondrocytes at the bottom of the 24-well plate. Toluidine blue staining, Alcian blue staining, collagen II immunofluoresence, collagen II immunochemical staining, collagen I, collagen II, COL2a Q-PCR and osteopontin Q-PCR were used to examine the chondrogenic conditions as well as the expressions of chondrogenic and osteogenic genes.

Results  Cells isolated from the aspirates of the goat bone marrow proliferated rapidly and gained characteristics of stem cells in Passage 4. However, the differentiations of chondrocytes were not apparent in Passage 3. The results from Toluidine blue staining, collagen II immunofluoresence and PCR showed the transformation of BMSCs to chondrocytes in the Transwell co-culture system and PLGA scaffolds. Although the cartilage gene expressions were upgraded in both chondrogenesis group and co-culture system, the osteopontin gene expression, which represents osteogenic level, was also up-regulated.

Conclusions  The Transwell co-culture system and the PLGA scaffolds co-culture system can promote the chondrogenic differentiation of the goat’s BMSCs, while up-regulated osteopontin gene expression in the Transwell co-culture system implies the osteogenic potential of BMSCs.

     

循环单核细胞和血浆中GDF-15和NT-proBNP对慢性心力衰竭的诊断及心血管事件的预测价值

目的 探讨基础心脏病是扩张型心肌病（DCM）或冠心病的心力衰竭患者血浆中生长分化因子-15（GDF-15）蛋白水平和外周血单核细胞（MNCs）中GDF-15 mRNA水平,并评估它们是否能够成为心力衰竭严重程度和长期心血管事件的预测因子。方法 收集261例DCM患者,251例冠心病患者和132例无心力衰竭的健康对照空腹静脉血标本并对这些患者进行门诊随访。酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）检测GDF-15的血浆水平。实时聚合酶链反应检测MNCs中GDF-15 mRNA的表达水平,并对比分析GDF-15在不同NYHA分级患者中的表达情况,用ROC曲线评估GDF-15 mRNA对心血管事件的预测能力。结果 DCM和冠心病患者血浆中GDF-15水平及MNCs中GDF-15 mRNA表达水平显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。心功能Ⅳ级（NYHA）心衰患者的血浆 GDF-15水平显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅲ级患者。心功能Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级心衰患者的 MNCs中 GDF-15 mRNA水平远高于Ⅱ级患者（P<0.01）。此外,心血管事件的ROC曲线分析显示,与单独用NT-proBNP预测相比,加入GDF-15 mRNA后曲线下面积从0.73（95% CI：0.69~0.77,P<0.001）增长为0.83（95%CI：0.79~0.86,P<0.001）。结论 血浆GDF-15水平和MNCs中GDF-15 mRNA水平均可以作为心力衰竭的生物标志物,血浆中GDF-15水平对预测心功能IV级的心衰患者更为敏感,而MNCs中GDF-15 mRNA水平则更能预测心功能II级的心衰患者。NT-proBNP联合GDF-15 mRNA水平能更准确地预测长期心血管事件的发生风险。     

GDF-15 protects from macrophage accumulation in a mousemodel of advanced atherosclerosis

Background

The cytokine growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a member of the TGF beta superfamily, has recently been discovered to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases. It is mostly expressed in macrophages of atherosclerotic lesions, but its impact on advanced atherosclerosis is still unknown. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of GDF-15 in an established mouse model of advanced atherosclerosis.

Methods

Thirty-eight LDL receptor deficient mice received a lethal body radiation. Half of the group was transplanted with bone marrow of GDF-15 deficient mice. Nineteen mice were transplanted with bone marrow from wild-type controls. After 24 weeks on an atherogenic diet, animals were euthanized and sections of the aortic sinus were prepared. Lesion size and lesion composition, as well as macrophage content,were evaluated.

Results

While demonstrating no difference in lesion size, LDL-receptor knockout mice transplanted with bone marrow from GDF-15 deficient mice showed enhanced macrophage accumulation and features of atherosclerotic plaque destabilization, such as thinning of fibrous caps. Immunostaining against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 further revealed an increased expression in mice receiving GDF-15-deficient bone marrow.

Conclusions

This is the first study that demonstrates a protective role of GDF-15 in advanced atherosclerosis and macrophage accumulation, possibly due to the reduced expression of adhesion molecules.     

早期肌肉特异性mRNA在骨髓干细胞的表达

目的:研究早期肌肉特异性mRNA在骨髓干细胞中的特异性表达.方法:利用RT-PCR研究不同时期C57鼠和不同代龄SD大鼠骨髓干细胞早期肌肉特异性mRNA(包括MyoD,Myf5,myogenin,MRF4和desmin)的表达.结果:Myf5及desmin在新鲜分离、培养了2 d和7 d的悬浮与贴壁的C57小鼠骨髓干细胞中均有表达,没有检测到MyoD,myogenin和MRF4在此时期小鼠骨髓干细胞的表达.MyoD与desmin在原代至第6代SD大鼠骨髓间质干细胞中均有表达,没有检测到myogenin和MRF4在各代细胞中的表达.结论:骨髓干细胞能表达一定水平的早期肌肉特异性mRNA.