带有疏液盘的V型垂直沟槽管的冷凝传热研究

本文在原来关于垂直降膜冷凝传热研究的基础上,为进一步强化冷凝传热,在V型垂直沟槽管上和光滑管上加装了倾斜式疏液盘,对流体力学与传热过程进行了理论与实验研完。对不同盘间距的沟槽管与光滑管进行了实验,探讨了最佳盘间距的问题。在模型与实验的基础上,提出了带盘沟槽管的冷凝传热计算式。计算与实验均表明,垂直冷凝表面加装疏液盘后,传热膜系数会有显著提高。     

对Ⅴ型垂直沟槽管的冷凝传热的进一步分析与最佳P/H值的探讨

本文参照Ｇｒｅｇｏｒｉｇ关于沟槽管冷凝传热的概念和Ｎｕｓｓｅｌｔ的经典分析方法，对前文提出的模型做了改进，提出了新经验计算式。根据冷凝传热膜系数αｍ及传热面积Ａ随Ｐ／Ｈ值（Ｐ为沟槽间距，Ｈ为槽深）变化的特点，提出了“单位温差传热速率”ｋｓ（或称“有效面积传热系数”，ｋｓ＝αｍＡ），用以分析与计算Ｖ型沟槽管冷凝传热的方法，对九种不同Ｐ／Ｈ值的Ｖ型沟槽表面冷凝传热进行了计算与实验研究，证实了Ｖ型沟槽管的最住Ｐ／Ｈ值为２。     

水平冷凝强化传热管的传热性能

以Ｒ１１为工质，测试了饱和蒸汽状态下水平冷凝强化传热管－低肋管、Ｃ管、以及双侧强化传热管ＧＣ管的传热性能。并与同工况条件下测得的光管传热性能进行了比较。实验结果表明，被研制的ＧＣ管总传热系数比光管提高４倍多；而相应的管内侧冷却水流动阻力系数平均为光管的７倍多。最后运用熵分析法对水平冷凝强化传热管的强化传热性能进行了评价，结果表明ＧＣ管的强化传热性能优于ＤＡＣ管（另一双侧强化传热冷凝管）等水平冷凝强     

含湿气体横掠冷却液柱流阵列冷凝过程数值模拟

建立了含湿气体横掠冷却液柱流阵列冷凝传热传质数学模型，并对其进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明：受冷却液柱流表面的影响，冷凝阻力主要集中在液柱流表面附近；凝雾产生受湿蒸汽过饱和度控制，其分布受冷凝推动力影响；因液柱的降液流动，增强了气相的湍动，强化了传热传质过程。本文研究结果得到了含湿气体冷凝实验数据的验证，模拟值与实验数据较吻合，相对误差小于15%。     

矩形纵槽管的冷凝传热研究

根据矩形纵槽管表面冷凝液流动的特点，将管长划分为流动过渡段与流动发展段。对前者按Nusselt理论，后者按表面张力强化（Gregorig）理论作了传热计算，结果表明：过渡段与发展段比较长度很小，在管长设计与传热计算中可忽略不计；波谷区液膜厚度沿管长分布以指规律描述，由此算得的最大有效管长用于传热计算，所得结果与实验值有较好吻合。     

内外螺旋三角翅片管管外冷凝传热建模与优化（Ⅰ）——物？…

将内外螺旋三角翅片管（简称ＩＯＳＦ管）管外冷凝换热表面分成表面张力起主导作用的膜状流冷凝区和重力分量为主导的沟槽内的溪状流排液区,由此建立了这两个区域相应的数学方程,并进一步导出了联立求解两个区域流动与传热的耦合方程,实现了对ＩＯＳＦ管管冷凝和流动过程的准三维数值模拟,其数值计算结果具有较高的工程计算精度,为ＩＯＳＦ管及纵槽管的冷凝换热器在工程设计及结构参数优化提供了设计计算条件。     

内外螺旋三角翅片管管外冷凝传热建模与优化(Ⅰ)——物理数学模型及数学处理方法

将内外螺旋三角翅片管（简称ＩＯＳＦ管）管外冷凝换热表面分成表面张力起主导作用的膜状流冷凝区和重力分量为主导的沟槽内的溪状流排液区,由此建立了这两个区域相应的数学方程,并进一步导出了联立求解两个区域流动与传热的耦合方程,实现了对ＩＯＳＦ管管外冷凝和流动过程的准三维数值模拟．其数值计算结果具有较高的工程计算精度,为ＩＯＳＦ管及纵槽管的冷凝换热器的工程设计及结构参数优化提供了设计计算条件．     

水平冷凝强化管传热性能实验数据处理方法

针对在大温差传热工况下,使用对数平均温差法确定相变传热管的传热性能时产生较大偏差、不能确切的反映实际的传热情况的不足,以及根据测实数据处理的实际需要,提出了一种基于局部热流密度、应用遗传算法来处理传热性能实验数据,从而确定冷凝强化管的传热性能的方法.并用此方法对一种双侧表面强化冷凝管的实验数据进行处理,获得了管内外对流换热关联式.     

垂直三角形纵槽管的膜状冷凝传热最大有铲管工与管长设计

在纵槽表面膜状冷凝传热中，其传热量几科仅由波峰区域形成，作者以该域为传热面，进行了传热分析与计算，计算结果表明，管长对平均传热膜系数影响很小，这一结果与Ozgen对有关实验现象的解释基本一致，可在一定程度上证实他的看法，对波谷区冷凝液流动做了数值解，对该区液膜厚度与管长做了数值关联，进而得到了三角形纵槽管最大有效管长及波峰区域面积计算公式。本文方法与结果为三角形槽管的管长设计提供了一种简便可行的方法，同时，该类纵槽管的传热计算也因之易于进行。     

沿不同垂直表面进行层流膜状冷凝的研究

本文采用四种不同垂宜表面,在温差变化的条件下,进行水蒸汽在管外作层流膜状冷凝,管内冷却水作强制对流的传热实验。并就层流膜状冷凝的特点进行探讨,为较低温差下的冷凝传热的强化提供一些实验数据和理论分析。 本文参考Faghri,M.[1]的基本方法,对所做实验的沟槽管进行了分析,得到了管外冷凝水蒸汽,管内冷却介质逆流流动时,温度沿管长的分布关系式。并用实验结果进行对比和修正,同光滑管的相应结果进行了比较。 一、实验内容和结果1.内容和装置 四种垂直表面分别为光滑、粗糙、沟槽和带吸液芯的沟槽表面。粗糙表面是具有多孔性金属涂层的…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.