促进学生认识发展的“电离和离子反应”专题的单元整体教学研究

系统梳理了电离、离子反应专题的已有研究,分析了电离、离子反应内容对学生认识发展的作用,进而确立了化学1模块电离、离子反应专题的教学论问题并进行了阐述分析。在上述研究的基础上,设计了化学1模块电离、离子反应专题的单元整体教学,并进行了教学实践,取得了较好的教学效果。     

低维ZnO纳米材料*

本文主要综述了近年来ZnO纳米材料制备领域的一些新方法,简单比较了各种方法之间的优缺点;讨论了制备不同形貌的ZnO纳米材料的影响因素,其中重点讨论了表面活性剂的作用;介绍了ZnO纳米材料的性质及其可能的应用领域;并对ZnO纳米材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

分析化学实验课程教学大纲的标准化改造与构建

基于工程教育专业认证标准的要求,结合专业课程的特点,对我校制药工程专业的分析化学实验教学大纲进行了标准化改造。标准化的教学大纲更加突出了专业适用性,关联了教学要求与教学内容和考核评定,增加了考核量化指标与课程持续改进的方式,进一步规范了分析化学实验课程的教学。标准教学大纲的构建为实验教学活动提供了更加明确的指导,有利于缩小不同教师教学的差异性,保证了实验教学的质量,为建立可持续完善的工程类实验教学标准体系提供了具体参考。     

储氢合金电极的表面修饰研究

利用等离子体技术对AA型MH/Ni电池的储氢合金电极进行了镀覆导电膜层的表面修饰,用XRD及SEM对电极结构进行了表征.极片经过表面修饰的电池,其内阻降低了24％,放电容量有了明显提高,5C (7.5 A) 放电容量提高了200 mA•h,放电平台电压提高了约0.14 V,导电膜层还起到了电极保护层的作用,抑制了合金的粉化,提高了电池的循环稳定性.同时,电池内压显著降低,电池性能有了较大改善.     

左旋薄荷醇的合成现状及进展

阐述了左旋薄荷醇的理化性质及其应用现状和全球生产状况. 介绍了薄荷醇的合成思路、已经工业化的合成路线和一些有较高工业应用价值的路线, 并介绍了关于这些路线的最新研究进展. 最后对所介绍的路线进行了总结, 展望了其发展前景.     

杜鹃花科植物有毒成分的电子结构及构效关系

本文应用INDO方法, 对由杜鹃花科植物中提取分离的九个化合物进行了量子化学计算, 得到了分子轨道波函数等多种电子结构信息, 并计算了这些化合物活性部位的分子静电势, 得到了静电势图。用分子图形技术与药理性质相同的其它生物碱类毒素进行了空间结构比较。研究了它们的电子结构特征和活性部位, 讨论了作用机理及电子结构与毒性之间的关系。     

农林高校基础化学多层次课程体系和教学内容的改革与实践

以农林高校基础化学课程体系和教学内容改革为抓手,构建了农科特色鲜明的多层次课程体系,优化设计了教学内容,增强了教学的针对性,突出了学生个性的发展,为农科院校创新人才的培养奠定了重要的化学基础。     

手性羟酸和氨基酸类化合物的构效关系研究

构造了用于手性参数衍生的距离矩阵和扩展的距离矩阵, 并且观察了与羟酸类和氨基酸类化合物手性薄层色谱保留指数的相关性, 得到了具有启示性的结果. 引进了扩展的eAm指数和连乘指数, 以及综合运用了三种算法. 所得参数进行了多元回归分析, 得到了单一变量和变量组合的分析结果. 与多元回归分析相比较, 运用人工神经网络法, 使结果得到了较大的改善. 所引进的方法对于化合物构效关系研究具有普遍可用性.     

基础化学实验室的建设与管理

化学实验室是全面完成化学教学任务的重要基地。 我院2002年建立了设备比较先进的化学实验室,给学生创造了良好的实验条件,并进行了科学化的管理,规定了各种规章制度和有关职责,较好地完成了化学教学任务。在实践中。采取：固定优秀代课教师兼管,勤工助学学生帮忙的管理办法,既减轻教师的劳动强度,又培养了学生的技能,且协调了各种关系,有利于化学教学质量的提高。     

酰胺基团对Gemini表面活性剂表面活性和聚集行为的影响

本文合成了含酰胺基团和不含酰胺基团的两类Gemini阳离子表面活性剂,测定了其表面活性参数,研究了酰胺基团对表面活性剂的表面活性和聚集行为的影响。结果表明,酰胺基团提高了Gemini阳离子表面活性剂的临界胶团浓度,降低了胶团聚集数,增强了胶团微极性,增大了表面活性剂的饱和吸附量。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...